Wave Heights in a 4D Ocean Wave Field

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Liu ◽  
David J. Schwab ◽  
Chin H. Wu ◽  
Keith R. MacHutchon
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Wave Measurement ◽  
New States ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
D Wave ◽  
Made In

This paper presents a preliminary examination and analysis of a small suite of 4-D wave data to explore what new insight or inference we can garner — particularly toward the realm where conventional approaches have not been traversed. While we caught a few glimpses that might indicate a need for new conceptualizations, it by no means to negates the vast positive contributions the conventional approaches have been made in the past century. We feel it is timely to encourage further 4-D ocean wave measurement and thereby facilitate fresh new states of study and understanding of ocean waves.

scholarly journals Rationality and Politics

Philosophy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Religious Right ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

In the near universal dismay among ‘thinking’ Europeans at the re-election of President George W. Bush there has been one un-thinking notion which has reached cliché status so often has it been repeated.It is that what we saw in America on November 2nd was a manifestation, among 60 million Americans or so, of pre-Enlightened irrationality. Bush, this view has it, was elected by the religious right which, by definition, is anti-science. Ruling the roost in the world's only remaining super-power it is, almost by definition, dangerous. It is dangerously dogmatic in its opposition in principle to the progress made in moral matters by secularism over the past century or two, and dangerous in that it is a view which now has so much power behind it.

The potential for geothermal lithium in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfranco Lattanzi ◽  
Andrea Dini ◽  
Giovanni Ruggieri ◽  
Eugenio Trumpy
Keyword(s):  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Deep Reservoir ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Made In

<p>Italy has never been a lithium (Li) producer, and the potential for “hard rock” deposits is moderate at best. On the other hand, the increasing demand for Li-based rechargeable batteries fostered new interest in this metal, and prompted the quest for alternative resources. The extraction of Li from geothermal brines (“geothermal lithium”) is currently considered in several countries, including, in Europe, France, Germany, and UK (EGEC, 2020).</p><p>Italy has vast geothermal resources, and there is a potential for “geothermal lithium” as well. A preliminary survey of literature data pointed out several occurrences of fluids with Li contents up to hundreds of mg/L. Among high-enthalpy fluids, we point out those of Cesano, Mofete, and Latera. At Cesano, geothermal fluids contain about 350 mg/L lithium (Calamai et al., 1976). Early studies conducted in the past century (Pauwels et al., 1990) suggested the feasibility of lithium recovery from these fluids. Even higher contents (480 mg/L) occur in the deep reservoir at Mofete (Guglielminetti, 1986), whereas fluids in the shallow and intermediate reservoir in the same field contain 28 to 56 mg/L. Geothermal fluids at Latera have somewhat lower contents (max 13.5 mg/L; Gianelli and Scandiffio, 1989). Several low-enthalpy thermal waters in Emilia-Romagna, Sardinia, Sicily and Tuscany also show significant (> 1 mg/L) Li contents (max 96 mg/L at Salsomaggiore; Boschetti et al., 2011). There are no published Li data for high-enthalpy fluids at Larderello; however, evidence of Li-rich fluids was found in fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals (Cathelineau et al., 1994). Moreover, the shallow (ca. 3.5 km) granitoid body underlying the field contains a Li-rich (about 1,000 ppm) biotite (A. Dini, unpublished data); it has been estimated that such rock may contain as much as 500 g Li per cubic meter.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Boschetti T., et al. - Aquat Geochem (2011) 17:71–108</p><p>Calamai A., et al. <strong>- </strong>Proc. U.N. Symp. Development Use Geotherm. Energy, S. Francisco, USA (1976), 305-313</p><p>Cathelineau M., et al. – Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (1994) 58: 1083-1099</p><p>EGEC (European Geothermal Council). https://www.egec.org/time-to-invest-in-clean-geothermal-lithium-made-in-europe/. Accessed December 2, 2020.</p><p>Gianelli G., Scandiffio G. - Geothermics (1989) 18: 447-463</p><p>Guglielminetti M. - Geothermics (1986) 15: 781-790</p><p>Pauwels H., et al. - Proc. 12th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop (1990), 117-123</p>

The Quest for an English-Speaking Nāgārjuna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Buddhist Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
English Translations ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Made In

Over the past century Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK) has been translated, in part and in its entirety, into an array of languages. Although a number of English translations have appeared, a philologically reliable yet readable English rendering of the MMK has remained a desideratum. A new translation by Mark Siderits and Shōryū Katsura now supersedes Jay Garfield’s previously popular MMK translation, which, made in reliance on only the Tibetan version of the MMK, is often problematic (The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Oxford, 1995). Siderits’ and Katsura’s attempt to improve upon previous translations of the MMK was recently acknowledged by the Khyentse Foundation, which at the 17th Congress of the International Association of Buddhist Studies awarded them its 2014 “Prize for Outstanding Translation.”

New Quality Assurance Tests for Building Quality Concrete Pavement

2017 ◽  
Vol 2630 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagan M. Gudimettla ◽  
Michael F. Praul ◽  
Jim Grove
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Made In

Concrete materials and paving technologies have evolved considerably during the past century. However, testing technologies for concrete during construction have not kept pace. Some of the tests that are routinely used are not necessarily performance indicators and some are not made in real time. Seven new technologies are presented that are simple, real-time, field implementable, and economical and in many cases are performance indicators. Although some of these technologies could be used during the mixture design stage, others could be used during construction and some for both purposes. These technologies can be used to supplement or, in some cases, to replace the traditional tests for paving concrete. The discussion focuses on three items: ( a) traditional tests for paving concrete, ( b) new tests and technologies that could be used to supplement or replace the traditional tests, and ( c) suggested future specifications. Data collected by the FHWA Mobile Concrete Laboratory from its technology implementation efforts are presented to support the narrative on the benefits of these new technologies.

scholarly journals Back to the Cradle of Cytotherapy: Integrating a Century of Clinical Research and Biotechnology-Based Manufacturing for Modern Tissue-Specific Cellular Treatments in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Alexis Laurent ◽  
Philippe Abdel-Sayed ◽  
Corinne Scaletta ◽  
Philippe Laurent ◽  
Elénie Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Swiss Health ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Made In

Empirically studied by Dr. Brown-Séquard in the late 1800s, cytotherapies were later democratized by Dr. Niehans during the twentieth century in Western Switzerland. Many local cultural landmarks around the Léman Riviera are reminiscent of the inception of such cell-based treatments. Despite the discreet extravagance of the remaining heirs of “living cell therapy” and specific enforcements by Swiss health authorities, current interest in modern and scientifically sound cell-based regenerative medicine has never been stronger. Respective progress made in bioengineering and in biotechnology have enabled the clinical implementation of modern cell-based therapeutic treatments within updated medical and regulatory frameworks. Notably, the Swiss progenitor cell transplantation program has enabled the gathering of two decades of clinical experience in Lausanne for the therapeutic management of cutaneous and musculoskeletal affections, using homologous allogeneic cell-based approaches. While striking conceptual similarities exist between the respective works of the fathers of cytotherapy and of modern highly specialized clinicians, major and important iterative updates have been implemented, centered on product quality and risk-analysis-based patient safety insurance. This perspective article highlights some historical similarities and major evolutive differences, particularly regarding product safety and quality issues, characterizing the use of cell-based therapies in Switzerland over the past century. We outline the vast therapeutic potential to be harnessed for the benefit of overall patient health and the importance of specific scientific methodological aspects.

Operational Experience with Floating Breakwaters

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Adee
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Floating Breakwaters

In the past few years floating breakwaters used for the protection of marina facilities have found increasing application. They provide a cost-effective solution at many potential sites and alleviate the environmental damage associated with more traditional breakwater construction. Operational experience has shown that these devices are effective in reducing incident wave heights where they are not subjected to long-period ocean waves. Experience also indicates suitable construction materials. Problems have developed in providing satisfactory connections between segments, but the large anchoring forces that were originally expected have not materialized in field measurements.

scholarly journals A LOW-COST INSHORE WAVE DIRECTION INDICATOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
G. De F. Retief ◽  
A.P.M. Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Reliable Solution ◽  
Made In

Although many attempts have been made in the past to measure the direction of propagation of ocean waves, a need for a simple, reliable solution to the problem has remained. The technique described here, intended for near-shore usage, makes use of a simple bottom-mounted flow direction indicator. The influence of rip and longshore currents on wave direction recordings is identified and a means of reducing these steady state current effects by a reduction in gauge sensitivity is presented, along with various possible recording and analysis techniques. Usefulness of the gauge is established as a simple engineering tool with certain limitations and examples are given of »'aire direction recordings related to meteorological data. A possible usage of the gauge FE an approximate sediment transport indicator is also proposed.

scholarly journals Shaken or Stirred? Polish Constitutional (Dis)continuity between 1917–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Marcin Michał Wiszowaty
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Constitutional Identity ◽  
Made In

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to answer the main research question “is there a constitutional continuity in Poland or even the Polish constitutional identity or rather there was a permanent discontinuation in last 100 years of Polish history of state?” For this purpose, the Polish constitutional history in the 20th and 21st centuries has been analyzed with respect to the changes made in the Polish political system over the past century from republican and democratic governments with a strong parliament to governments more akin to the monarchy, with a strong presidency, and even autocratic. Looking for sources of Polish political inspiration references are made to the legacy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

T. S. Eliot Studies Annual

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Past Century ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
Made In

The T. S. Eliot Studies Annual brings together a collection of essays at the fore of the critical reassessment of Eliot’s life and work in light of the ongoing publication of his letters, critical volumes of his complete prose, the new edition of his complete poems, and the forthcoming critical edition of his plays. The volume features various approaches, but the dominant methodology is a historicist: essays reconsider Eliot’s work as a poet, critic, playwright, editor, and foremost exemplar of literary modernism in light of contemporary debate, contexts, and newly available primary materials. In addition to cutting-edge scholarship re-dating the chronology and genesis of Eliot’s poetry and plays, recasting longstanding scholarly debates, and reframing standard critical narratives, this volume contains two special forums. The first commemorates the centenary of the publication of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” Together, essays in this cluster reexamine the circumstances surrounding the poem’s original publication, recontextualize its allusions, and reconstruct its reception over the past century. The second essay cluster examines the annotations made in books from Eliot’s personal library, recently made available to researchers for the first time. The book concludes with a bibliography of recent Eliot scholarship, including book reviews, dissertations, journal articles, book chapters, and monograph publications.

scholarly journals Towards a three-dimensional model of wave–ice interaction in the marginal ice zone

2010 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. LINTON
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marginal Ice Zone ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
Ice Floes ◽  
Made In

Over the past forty or so years, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the effects of ocean waves on sea ice, and vice versa, with observations, experiments and theory all playing their part. Recent years have seen the development of ever more sophisticated mathematical models designed to represent the physics more accurately and incorporate new features. What is lacking is an approach to three-dimensional scattering for ice floes that is both accurate and efficient enough to be used as a component in a theory designed to model the passage of directional wave spectra through the marginal ice zone. Bennetts & Williams (J. Fluid Mech., 2010, this issue, vol. 662, pp. 5–35) have brought together a number of solution techniques honed on simpler problems to provide just such a component.

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