Plastic Collapse Assessment of Unequal Wall Joints in Pipeline Transitions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Kui Zhu ◽  
Brian N. Leis
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Code Design ◽  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collapse Failure ◽  
Pipe Geometry ◽  
Collapse Assessment

This paper presents the results of extensive numerical and analytical analyses considering the many differences in the flow properties of today’s steels with a view to determine if the code design basis developed for early steels remains appropriate in light of these changes. These analyses involved parametric study of steel grade, tensile strength, yield-to-tensile (Y/T) strength ratio, and joint geometry, for a range of transitions within as well as beyond current ASME code allowables. The numerical results indicate that the plastic-collapse failure conditions of unequal wall joints are controlled by the pipe or fitting remote to the weld, as would occur for high-quality slightly over-matched welds. Mismatch location, taper angle and anisotropy of unequal wall joints have limited influence on such failures. Based on trends in these results, a closed-form plastic collapse solution to predict internal pressure was developed as the pipe geometry, material hardening and tensile properties for both end opened and end capped pressurized pipes in reference to deformation instability, finite strain theory and deformation theory of plasticity. A plastic collapse criterion and the corresponding plastic collapse assessment diagram (PCAD) were then developed as a function of the wall thickness and tensile strength mismatch conditions to ensure plastic collapse failure in the thinner-wall, higher strength line pipe. General procedures to use the PCAD are outlined in this paper. Application of PCAD indicates that the high yield strength grades with high Y/T can be used within as well as beyond current code limitations on the transition wall-thickness mismatch for a wide range of strength mismatch.

Plastic Collapse Assessment Method For Unequal Wall Transition Joints in Transmission Pipelines

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Kui Zhu ◽  
Brian N. Leis
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Order Parameters ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
First Order ◽  
Collapse Failure ◽  
Collapse Assessment ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

This paper investigates plastic collapse failure behavior and analytical assessment methods for unequal wall transition joints in transmission pipelines. The objective is to (i) validate the plastic-collapse-based code requirements that were determined by the early lower-strength pipes and (ii) develop an effective method for assessing plastic collapse failure of unequal wall joints involving modern high-strength pipes. Detailed finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the failure behavior of transition joints and the effects of geometry, including weld taper angle, mismatched diameter and location, and material parameters, including the steel grade, mechanical property, yield-to-tensile strength (Y∕T) ratio, and anisotropy. Numerical results show that the wall-thickness mismatch and tensile-strength mismatch are the two first-order parameters that control the plastic collapse failure behavior of unequal wall transition joints. Based on these first-order parameters, an analytic solution is formulated to predict burst pressure at plastic collapse as a function of the pipe geometry, material tensile and hardening properties for both end-opened and end-capped pipes in reference to the plastic instability and finite strain theory. A plastic collapse criterion and the corresponding plastic collapse assessment diagram (PCAD) are then developed as a function of the wall-thickness mismatch and tensile-strength mismatch conditions to ensure that plastic collapse failure would occur in the thinner wall, with higher strength pipe. General procedures to use PCAD for assessing the plastic collapse failure of unequal wall joints are outlined. Application of PCAD indicates that high-strength pipeline grades with high Y∕T ratios can be safely used beyond current code limitations on the wall-thickness mismatch of transition joints for a wide range of strength mismatch.

Facile Synthesis of a Diverse Library of Mono-3-substituted β-Cyclodextrin Analogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kellett ◽  
Brendan M. Duggan ◽  
Michael Gilson
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range

We have described simple, high-yield, protocols, which require only commonly accessible equipment, to synthesize a wide range of β-CD derivatives mono-substituted at the secondary face. These derivatives may be useful in their own right, and they are also scaffolds for further modification, and examples of the far broader array of derivatives that may be accessed by these procedures.

DURIMPHY

Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yield Strength ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Very High

Abstract Durimphy is a maraging steel with 1724 MPa (250 ksi) tensile strength and a very high yield strength due to precipitation hardening. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: FE-140. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50

Alloy Digest ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 50 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 50,000 psi. It is cast in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Among its many applications are farm machinery, seals, bushings, machine tools and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-51. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Gray Iron

Abstract CENTRI-CAST GRAY IRON 55 is a centrifugally cast gray iron with a nominal tensile strength of 55,000 psi. It is produced in the form of tubing which has a wide range of uses in applications where size and shape are of paramount importance and freedom from pattern cost is an important consideration. Typical applications are seals, bushings, farm machinery, casings and general machinery uses. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-48. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

scholarly journals MXenes for future nanophotonic device applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1831-1853
Author(s):  
Jaeho Jeon ◽  
Yajie Yang ◽  
Haeju Choi ◽  
Jin-Hong Park ◽  
Byoung Hun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optoelectronic Device ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Nanophotonic Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Device Applications

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, collectively referred to as MXenes, are considered as the new family of 2D materials for the development of functional building blocks for optoelectronic and photonic device applications. Their advantages are based on their unique and tunable electronic and optical properties, which depend on the modulation of transition metal elements or surface functional groups. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive review of MXenes to suggest an insightful perspective on future nanophotonic and optoelectronic device applications based on advanced synthesis processes and theoretically predicted or experimentally verified material properties. Recently developed optoelectronic and photonic devices, such as photodetectors, solar cells, fiber lasers, and light-emitting diodes are summarized in this review. Wide-spectrum photodetection with high photoresponsivity, high-yield solar cells, and effective saturable absorption were achieved by exploiting different MXenes. Further, the great potential of MXenes as an electrode material is predicted with a controllable work function in a wide range (1.6–8 eV) and high conductivity (~104 S/cm), and their potential as active channel material by generating a tunable energy bandgap is likewise shown. MXene can provide new functional building blocks for future generation nanophotonic device applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Alumina Nanofibers Sintered by the Spark Plasma Method on Nickel Mechanical Properties

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Agureev ◽  
Valeriy Kostikov ◽  
Zhanna Eremeeva ◽  
Svetlana Savushkina ◽  
Boris Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Average Size

The article presents the study of alumina nanoparticles’ (nanofibers) concentration effect on the strength properties of pure nickel. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering of previously mechanically activated metal powders. The dependence of the grain size and the relative density of compacts on the number of nanofibers was investigated. It was found that with an increase in the concentration of nanofibers, the average size of the matrix particles decreased. The effects of the nanoparticle concentration (0.01–0.1 wt.%) on the elastic modulus and tensile strength were determined for materials at 25 °C, 400 °C, and 750 °C. It was shown that with an increase in the concentration of nanofibers, a 10–40% increase in the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength occurred. A comparison of the mechanical properties of nickel in a wide range of temperatures, obtained in this work with materials made by various technologies, is carried out. A description of nanofibers’ mechanisms of influence on the structure and mechanical properties of nickel is given. The possible impact of impurity phases on the properties of nickel is estimated. The tendency of changes in the mechanical properties of nickel, depending on the concentration of nanofibers, is shown.

Influence of Polypropylene Fiber in Strength of Foamed Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hadipramana ◽  
Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad ◽  
Zi Jun Zhao ◽  
Noridah Mohammad ◽  
W. Wirdawati
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
High Density ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Strength Result ◽  
And Behavior

Foamed concrete is material that can be used in wide range of constructions and produced in high density. This investigation examined effect of chopped Polypropylene Fiber (PF) that mixed into admixture concerning strength of foamed concrete high density. Mechanical test were performed to measure effect of PF on improving compressive and splitting tensile strength. Result indicate that PF significantly improving compressive strength and behavior of PF where drawn into foamed concrete similarly with normal concrete. The fibrillated PF has been occurred and reduced the micro crack of matrix and prevented propagation crack growth. The presence of PF improved splitting tensile strength was not significantly. Influence of porous of foamed concrete is considered. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) exhibits condition microstructure of foamed concrete reinforced PF that alter microstructure, especially interfacial bonding due to PF presence.

Probability of Plastic Collapse Failure

1969 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743-1761
Author(s):  
James L. Jorgenson ◽  
John E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
Collapse Failure
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