Risk-Based Inspection Analysis for High Pressure Hydrogenation Cracking Unit

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Inspection Plan ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Equipment Unit ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Risk Grade

High pressure hydrogenation cracking unit is the core equipment system in the aromatic plant, which is subjected simultaneously to the action of hydrogen and high pressure and high temperature. In this paper, quantitative analysis method of RBI was carried out by Orbit-Onshore software, which was developed by DNV corporation. In API 581, the risk situation for a certain equipment unit were classified into four grades, such as low risk grade and medium risk grade and medium-high risk grade and high grade, which is expressed as risk matrix. The whole risk distribution of 553 equipment and piping items was obtained, and in which the hydrocracking reactors and the reactor effluent air coolers are belong to ‘medium-high risk’ grade. Based on the RBI results, an optimum inspection plan was developed by the author to reduce the risk level for the hydrogenation cracking unit. It is concluded that the optimum inspection plan was completely satisfied with the engineering specification of the aromatic plant, after the validation of the inspection activity in 2004.

Risk-Based Inspection Analysis for High-Pressure Hydrogenation Cracking Unit

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Inspection Plan ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Risk Grade

The high-pressure hydrogenation cracking unit is the core equipment system in the aromatic hydrocarbon factory, which is subjected simultaneously to the action of hydrogen, high pressure, and high temperature. In this paper, quantitative analysis method of risk-based inspection (RBI) was carried out with a commercially available RBI software. In API 581, the risk situation for each type of equipment in the system was classified into four grades: low-risk grade, medium-risk grade, medium-high-risk grade, and high grade. This is expressed as a risk matrix. The entire risk distribution of 553 equipment and/or piping items of the systems that compose the unit was obtained. The hydrocracking reactors and the reactor effluent air coolers are in the “medium-high-risk” category. Based on the RBI results, an optimum inspection plan was developed by the author to reduce the risk level for the hydrogenation cracking unit. Upon validation of the inspection activity in 2004, it is concluded that the optimum inspection plan was in compliance with the engineering specification of the aromatic hydrocarbon factory.

scholarly journals A Predictive Model and Risk Factors for Case Fatality of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Melchor Álvarez-Mon ◽  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Óscar Gasulla ◽  
Jordi Fortuny-Profitós ◽  
Ferran A. Mazaira-Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Patient Variables

This study aimed to create an individualized analysis model of the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients as a tool for the rapid clinical management of hospitalized patients in order to achieve a resilience of medical resources. This is an observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up. Data were collected from the medical records of 3489 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using RT-qPCR in the period of highest community transmission recorded in Europe to date: February–June 2020. The study was carried out in in two health areas of hospital care in the Madrid region: the central area of the Madrid capital (Hospitales de Madrid del Grupo HM Hospitales (CH-HM), n = 1931) and the metropolitan area of Madrid (Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias (MH-HUPA) n = 1558). By using a regression model, we observed how the different patient variables had unequal importance. Among all the analyzed variables, basal oxygen saturation was found to have the highest relative importance with a value of 20.3%, followed by age (17.7%), lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio (14.4%), CRP value (12.5%), comorbidities (12.5%), and leukocyte count (8.9%). Three levels of risk of ICU/death were established: low-risk level (<5%), medium-risk level (5–20%), and high-risk level (>20%). At the high-risk level, 13% needed ICU admission, 29% died, and 37% had an ICU–death outcome. This predictive model allowed us to individualize the risk for worse outcome for hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19.

scholarly journals The human-elephant conflict: mapping the elephant area and the level of conflict vulnerability in the Mila Landscape, Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 956 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
R Rachmawaty ◽  
A Abdullah ◽  
K Khairil ◽  
D Syafrianti ◽  
A M Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Elephants are designated as endangered animals because their population in the wild continues to decline. One of the causes of its extinction is the threat of conflict between elephants and humans. The conflict between Sumatran elephants and humans in Aceh continues to increase every year, but there is no resolution to this conflict. This study was aimed to analyse the level of risk of elephant-human conflict in the Mila area and map the conflict areas. The method used was the observation method with the purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed using the disaster risk formula. The results of the analysis of the risk level of elephant-human conflict in Mila District showed that the high-risk level was in Tuha Lala Village (35.24%), Babah Jurong Village (35.22%) and Kumbang Village (35.04%). The level of risk was moderate in Krueng Lala Village (27.64%), Andeue Mosque Village (30.38%) and Dayah Andeue Village (33.38%). Meanwhile, areas with a low-risk level were Kulu Village (21.65%) and Dayah Sinthop Village (20.32%). The mapping of conflict risk areas was coloured red for high risk, yellow for medium risk and green for low risk. The conclusion in this study is that Tula Lala Village, Babah Jurong Village and Kumbang Village are areas with high conflict marked in red. Krueng Lala Village, Andeu Mosque Village and Andeue Dayah Village are areas with moderate conflict which are marked in yellow. Meanwhile, Kulu Village and Dayah Sinthop Village are areas with low conflict marked in green.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal disorder risk level evaluation of posterior maxillary tooth extraction procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Anggy Prayudha ◽  
Roberto M. Simandjuntak ◽  
Ni Putu Mira Sumarta
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Maxillary Tooth ◽  
Medium Risk

Background: The professional activity of dentists involves a relatively small treatment area, namely; the oral cavity. Dental treatment requires a high level of precision with the result that dentists frequently perform their duties in a physically uncomfortable position over a relatively extended period of time. Tooth extraction is the most common form of treatment performed in a standing position, with extraction of the posterior maxillary tooth being the most challenging. 80 per cent of students and dentists working in the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Indonesia present musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Purpose: To evaluate the level of MSD risk of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic students at the Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital following posterior maxillary tooth extraction. Methods: The evaluation of MSD risk level was performed over a period of three months on 73 subjects who had experienced posterior maxillary tooth extraction, categorized as extraction under anaesthesia, extraction involving the use of an elevator and extraction using forceps. Evaluation was conducted by two observers by means of CCTV video footage using a Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) worksheet. Results: Under anaesthetic sedation, 67.12% experienced medium risk, 31.51% high risk, and 1.37% low risk. During extraction using an elevator, 58.90% experienced high risk, 35.62% medium risk and 5.48% extremely high risk. During extraction using forceps, 57.53% ran medium risk, 39.73% high risk, and 2.74% extremely high risk. Conclusion: Students who performed posterior maxillary tooth extraction could be categorized as running a high risk of MSD during extraction using an elevator, but medium risk when administering anaesthesia and performing extraction with forceps.

Real-world evidence evaluating the use of an NK-1 antiemetic in the systemic chemotherapy treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12599-e12599
Author(s):  
Kevin Lord ◽  
Bruce A. Feinberg ◽  
Jonathan Kish ◽  
Jalyna R. Laney ◽  
Dhruv Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Systemic Chemotherapy ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Individual Agent ◽  
Risk Grade ◽  
Prophylactic Use

e12599 Background: Severe and persistent nausea and vomiting (n/v) impacts quality of life and may lead to treatment discontinuation. While antiemetics assist with minimizing these effects, newer drugs can be expensive and carry their own side effect profile. Prior research has suggested that neurokinin 1 receptor inhibitor(NK-1) antiemetics are overly prescribed. Using the package insert recommendations for aprepitant, an NK-1, we evaluated the frequency of its prophylactic use to prevent emesis in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy(chemo) with moderate to high emetogenic risk. Methods: Patients were identified from a third-party, administrative claims database. Using medical and pharmacy claims, any female with ICD-9/10 codes for both breast cancer and metastases diagnosed between Jan-2013 and Dec-2017, who initiated systemic chemo and received aprepitant prophylactically were selected. Chemo regimen emetogenic potential was scored using the Hesketh scale and aggregated into two cohorts: low risk (grade 1-2 = none- < 30%), and moderate-high risk (grade 3-5: > 30- > 60%). If patients received combination chemo, the assigned risk level was the highest risk of any individual agent. The frequency of NK-1 use for each risk cohort was calculated per line of therapy independent of the previous treatment. Results: 10,342 patients met the selection criteria with 2,868 patients administered moderate-high emetogenic risk chemotherapy regimens. Mean age at initiation of treatment was 61.7 years (SD = 12.12). By line, the aprepitant utilization rate was: 1 line(L) 43% ,2L 27%, 3L 18%, 4L 16%, 5L 11% and 6L 12%. Across all lines of therapy, aprepitant was used prophylactically in 23% of patients treated with high risk chemo regimens and in 2% of patients who had received low risk regimens. Conclusions: Prophylactic use of the NK-1 inhibitor aprepitant was less than 50% in 1L moderate-high emetogenic risk chemotherapy and declined with consecutive lines of treatment. NK-1 use with low risk regimens was minimal. Further research is needed to understand the pattern of use and clinical outcomes between moderate-high emetogenic risk patients who do and don't receive NK-1 antiemetic supportive care.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Gas Condensates Export Pipelines by Indexing Method (Case Study: Special Economic Energy Zone of South Pars-Assaluyeh)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Amin Zargari Kolaei ◽  
Mahnaz Nasrabadi ◽  
Saeid Givehchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Potential Risks

Due to the sensitivity and vital and undeniable role of gas energy in the energy basket of the country, especially in economy, evaluation of risk assessment studies on the designing and exploiting of this massive and extensive industry including oil and gas pipelines seems to be very necessary. Generally, risk assessment is process of the determining the risk quantity and quality by analyzing potential risks in the project which will be done by taking into account the sensitivity or vulnerability of the surrounding environment. kent Muhlbauer’s method based on relative scoring of parameters that are involved in risks creation deals with the risk assessment. In order to establishment this system for risk assessment of statistical data collection, due to the failure of Iranian oil and gas pipelines, experts and scholars’ experiences as a field project (South Pars gas condensate export pipeline) were collected. According to the existing conditions and availability of information sources in the Iranian oil and gas industry, finally, these data as safety risk assessment criteria of pipelines were processed in a graph and scoring was conducted based on the relative weighting of risk starter elements in the pipeline. according to the obtained scores and the relative risk of different areas of pipeline by considering km scale of areas, it was identified that 16% of the total pipeline had very high risk level, 34% of the total pipeline had high risk level, 34% of the total pipeline had medium risk level and 16% of the pipeline had low risk level.

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT K3 PADA PROSES PENGOPERASIAN SCAFFOLDING PADA PROYEK APARTEMEN PT. X DI SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Yudha Bagus Persada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Section Structure

ABSTRACTProblems that arised when employees works at height are worker did not wear full body harness, lanyard did not hanged perfectly to handrail, did not works according to the procedure, and using unsafe scaffolding. Hazard identification and risk assessment used as prevention for accident when operating scaffolding. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design and analyzed descriptively. The design used for the study carried out by observing cause and effect within a period of time and space. Objects of this study were frame scaffolding and scaffolding PCH, while subjects of this study were SHE Officer, SHE supervisor, workers section structure, finishing, plumbing hydrant, and mechanical engineering. Results of hazard identification using JSA method founds 43 potential hazards originating from 4 different types of work in this project. The results of the risk assessment of 43 potential hazards have been found that 1 hazard have low risk, 40 hazards have moderate risk , and high risk hazard are 2. The dominant risk from the operation of the scaffolding was 40 potential hazards or 93% of the total potential hazards and high-risk hazard eventhough only 5% of all potential hazards remains a top priority and should be controlled soon to reduce the high and medium risk becomes low risk. The likelihood-based control is more possible to reduce risk level than severity-based control.Keywords: risk assessment, scaffolding operation

scholarly journals Risk Assessment at the Plate Production Unit (PPL) of PT. INKA (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monalisa Ma'rifat ◽  
Atiya Thifal Rofifa ◽  
Tri Martiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Medium Risk

Introduction: The plate manufacturing production unit is one of the work units in PT. INKA (Persero), which involves the interaction between humans and machines in its activities, heavy equipment, and materials, all of which can cause possible hazard impacts that can impact the safety and health of workers. The purpose of this study is to conduct risk assessment on occupational safety and health aspects by identifying risks, assessing risks, identifying control efforts and assessing residual risk as a form of efforts to prevent occupational accidents and occupational diseases, using existing resources effectively and efficiently. Method: This research is a type of qualitative research, through interviews and observations, with cross-sectional studies and descriptive analysis. The interviewees for this study were K3LH management managers, steel managers, and machine operators in the plate production unit (PPL). The tools in this study werean interview guide, Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Determining Control (HIRADC) using the AS / NZS 4360: 2004 Risk Management Worksheet Standard Risk Matrix. Results: From the research, it was found that there are 94 hazards for 11 different machines. Regarding the risk levels, there are 9 extreme risk levels, 46 high risk levels, 33 medium risk levels and 6 low risk levels. Conclusion: There are still 61 risks with medium risk level and 6 remaining risks with high risk level that still need control. Control efforts have been implemented by PT. INKA (Persero) in accordance with the hierarchy of control, such as the use of PPE and the provision of work SOPs. Keywords: hazard identification, risk management, risk assessment, risk control, residual risk 

Harmonization of the human resource audit in the field of international practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N.S. Bieliaieva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Talent Acquisition

The article explores the possibilities and problems of the process of harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice, taking into account the specifics of the market environment of Ukraine. The views of different authors on the problem of HR auditing were investigated. The idea was justified that the harmonization of accounting and financial reporting of economic entities is closely linked with the globalization of economic processes and the economy as a whole on a global scale, the processes of informatisation and digitalization of society, the same as for HR processes. During considering the concept of “HR audit” it should not be forgetting about the legislative component — HR audit is aimed, inter alia, at identifying violations with the law for timely management of weaknesses in the policy of the enterprise in the field of labor. Categorization of observations by impact of importance (high-risk, medium-risk, low-risk — categorization) was investigated; examples for high-risk observations (on the example of: workforce planning, service contract modalities) and medium-risk (on the example of: recruitment process governance, alignment of strategy and work plans, HR functional capacity in Country Offices, talent acquisition in Cos, recruitment processes in Cos, employee on-boarding, training and separation, national non-staff salary scales and pay adjustments, staffing and structure review exercises, social security transfers to service contracts, automation, information and data management, oversight of HR functions in Cos) are given in consideration with agreed actions of HRM and auditor. The ratings (satisfactory, partially satisfactory or unsatisfactory) of an HR audit that are part of the system of evaluating the adequacy of company’s audit risk management, control and governance processes were investigated. The point that the human resource auditing is something that many companies do annually, just as they audit their financial information (despite of their field of activity) is overlined in the article. The harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice is a process of unification of methods and principles of auditing in the form of standards is observed.

Adapting Gravity Model for Predicting the Risk of COVID -19 in Nigeria

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Samson Olaitan ◽  
Olowoporoku Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Housing Standards ◽  
Very High

Background: It is against the background of the emerging incidence of coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria, and the need for its management that this study adapts gravity model for predicting the risk of the disease across states of the country. Methods: The paper relied on published government data on population, and gross domestic product, while the distance of town to the nearest international airport was also obtained. These data were log transformed and further used in the calculation of gravity scores for each state of the federation. Results: The study discovered that with the gravity score ranging from 2.942 to 4.437, all the states of the federation have the risk of being infected with the pandemic. Meanwhile Ogun State (4.837) has a very high risk of being infected with the disease. Other states with high risks are Oyo (4.312), Jigawa (4.235), Niger (4.148) and Katsina (4.083). However, Taraba State has the least infection risk of the pandemic in Nigeria. Factors influencing the risk level of the pandemic are proximity, porous boundary between states, and elitism. Conclusion: The paper advocates border settlement planning, review of housing standards, and advocacy for sanitation in different states. It therefore concludes that adequate urban planning in unison with economic and epidemiology techniques will provide a strong strategy for the management of the disease.

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