Analysis of Corrosion Areas in Pipelines Using Guided Wave Propagation: Numerical Simulations and Experimental Tests

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Turcu ◽  
Francesco Bertoncini ◽  
Giuseppe Giunta ◽  
Marco Raugi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Integrity Issue

Guided Waves (GW) have become widely used for the inspection of unpiggable and inaccessible pipelines because of the presence of coating, because of their position or because they are buried. Among the possible anomalies, corrosion is the main integrity issue affecting pipelines. The effect that corrosion has on guided wave propagation is attenuation and increased coherent noise when it is generalized or reflection when corrosion is localized. In this paper, the possibility to characterize corrosion areas affecting pipelines through long range guided wave inspection or monitoring is investigated. With this purpose field testing was performed and the results were used for the validation of numerical methods able to simulate the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Temperature affected guided wave propagation in a composite plate complementing the Open Guided Waves Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Moll ◽  
Christian Kexel ◽  
Serena Pötzsch ◽  
Marcel Rennoch ◽  
Axel S. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Cfrp Plate ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Validation

Abstract The influence of temperature is regarded as particularly important for a structural health monitoring system based on ultrasonic guided waves. Since the temperature effect causes stronger signal changes than a typical defect, the former must be addressed and compensated for reliable damage assessment. Development of new temperature compensation techniques as well as the comparison of existing algorithms require high-quality benchmark measurements. This paper investigates a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plate that was fully characterized in previous research in terms of stiffness tensor and guided wave propagation. The same CFRP plate is used here for the analysis of the temperature effect for a wide range of ultrasound frequencies and temperatures. The measurement data are a contribution to the Open Guided Waves (OGW) platform: http://www.open-guided-waves.de. The technical validation includes initial results on the analysis of phase velocity variations with temperature and exemplary damage detection results using state-of-the-art signal processing methods that aim to suppress the temperature effect.

Ultrasonic Guided Wave Testing of Finned Tubing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen M. Malinowski ◽  
Matthew S. Lindsey ◽  
Jason K. Van Velsor
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Waves ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Modes

In the past few decades, ultrasonic guided waves have been utilized more frequently Non-Destructive Testing (NDT); most notably, in the qualitative screening of buried piping. However, only a fraction of their potential applications in NDT have been fully realized. This is due, in part, to their complex nature, as well as the high level of expertise required to understand and utilize their propagation characteristics. The mode/frequency combinations that can be generated in a particular structure depend on geometry and material properties and are represented by the so-called dispersion curves. Although extensive research has been done in ultrasonic guided wave propagation in various geometries and materials, the treatment of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in periodic structures has received little attention. In this paper, academic aspects of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in structures with periodicity in the wave vector direction are investigated, with the practical purpose of developing an ultrasonic guided wave based inspection technique for finned tubing. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods are employed. The results of this investigation show excellent agreement between theory, numerical modeling, and experimentation; all of which indicate that ultrasonic guided waves will propagate coherently in finned tube only if the proper wave modes and frequencies are selected. It is shown that the frequencies at which propagating wave modes exist can be predicted theoretically and numerically, and depend strongly on the fin geometry. Furthermore, the results show that these propagating wave modes are capable of screening for and identifying the axial location of damage in the tube wall, as well as separation of the fins from the tube wall. The conclusion drawn from these results is that Guided Wave Testing (GWT) is a viable inspection method for screening finned tubing.

Guided Wave Propagation and Interaction with Damage in Tubular Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Ye Lu ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Tube Surface ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Rectangular Tube ◽  
Signal Correlation

A piezoelectric active sensor network is configured to collect the wave scattering from a throughthickness hole on an aluminium rectangular tube. It is found that guided waves are capable of propagating across the tube edges, while keeping the sensitivity to the damage even not on surfaces where the actuator and sensor are located. Signal correlation between the intact and damaged structure is evaluated and the probability distribution of damage is thus achieved on the unfolded tube surface.

Acoustic Wave Propagation Simulation in Double-Layered Composite Cylindrical Structures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikai Du
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasound Wave ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Cylindrical Structures ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation

Ultrasound guided waves have been recognized as an effective tool for the rapid and long-range inspection of composite cylindrical structures, but its application is still limited due to the complex nature of guided waves and their interactions with material geometry and material properties. This paper uses finite element technique to simulate the ultrasound guided wave propagation in layered composite cylinders. Ultrasound guided wave propagation was analyzed in a double-layered cylinder composed of an anisotropic unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite layer wrapped on an isotropic aluminum cylinder. The carbon fiber orientation is either along the cylinder circumferential direction or axial direction. Ultrasound wave is excited from a PZT-4 transducer which is placed on the top of a Plexiglas wedge to adjust the ultrasound incident angle into the cylinder. Low ultrasound frequencies at 0.5 and 1.0 MHz were selected to improve the effect of attenuation and simulation efficiency. Wave propagation velocities and wave structures were analyzed at various positions of the cylinder. This study helped to examine the effect of fiber orientation on wave dispersion characteristics and to assess the feasibility of applying ultrasound guided wave technique for the evaluation of composite cylindrical structures.

Guided Wave Propagation Mechanics Across a Pipe Elbow

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Koichiro Kawashima ◽  
Zongqi Sun ◽  
Joseph L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Cylindrical Coordinate System ◽  
Pipe Elbow ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Cylindrical Coordinate

Wave propagation across a pipe elbow region is complex. Subsequent reflected and transmitted waves are largely deformed due to mode conversions at the elbow. This prevents us to date from applying guided waves to the nondestructive evaluation of meandering pipeworks. Since theoretical development of guided wave propagation in a pipe is difficult, numerical modeling techniques are used. We have introduced a semi-analytical finite element method, a special modeling technique for guided wave propagation, because ordinary finite element methods require extremely long computational times and memory for such a long-range guided wave calculation. In this study, the semi-analytical finite element method for curved pipes is developed. A curved cylindrical coordinate system is used for the curved pipe region, where a curved center axis of the pipe elbow region is an axis (z′ axis) of the coordinate system, instead of the straight axis (z axis) of the cylindrical coordinate system. Guided waves in the z′ direction are described as a superposition of orthogonal functions. The calculation region is divided only in the thickness and circumferential directions. Using this calculation technique, echoes from the back wall beyond up to four elbows are discussed.

Detection of broken wires in elevator wire ropes with ultrasonic guided waves and tone-burst wavelet

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Rostami ◽  
Peter W Tse ◽  
Maodan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Wire Ropes ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation

Elevator wire ropes with polymer cores hold and hoist heavy fluctuating loads in a corrosive environment. Such working condition causes metal fatigue, which together with abrasion around pulleys leads to progressive loss of the metallic cross section. This can be seen in the forms of a roughened and pitted surface of the ropes, reduction in diameter, and broken wires. Therefore, their deterioration must be monitored so that any unexpected damage or corrosion can be detected before it causes a fatal accident. Ultrasonic-guided wave-based inspection, which has proved its capability in nondestructive testing of platelike structures such as tubes and pipes, can monitor the cross section of wire ropes in their entire length from a single point. However, guided waves have drawn less attention for defect detection purposes in wire ropes. This article reports the condition monitoring of a steel wire rope from a hoisting elevator with broken wires as a result of corrosive environment and fatigue. Finite element analysis was conducted as a baseline to study guided wave propagation in wire ropes and plot dispersion curves. Guided wave propagation in wire ropes was experimentally investigated on a newly built cable stretching machine equipped with a load sensor under different amount of tensile loading. To expose the indication of broken wires, the recorded signals were analyzed by tailor-made continuous wavelet transform called tone burst wavelet.

Guided Waves for Aircraft Panel Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 558 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Malinowski ◽  
Tomasz Wandowski ◽  
Wieslaw Ostachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Panel Surface

The reported research concerns experimental investigation toward the monitoring of an aircraft panel. Guided wave propagation phenomena were used to obtain information about the state of the monitored structure. A curved aluminium panel with rivets was investigated. Piezoelectric transducer was used to excite guided waves in chosen structural element. The generated signal was amplified before applying it to the transducer in order to ensure measurable amplitude of excited guided waves. Measurement of the wave field was realized using laser scanning vibrometer that registered the velocity responses at a points belonging to a defined mesh. This contactless measurement technique allowed to investigate phenomena related to wave propagation in the aircraft panel. In the first stage, due to high complexity of the element, baseline measurements were taken. Next, a discontinuity (additional mass) was introduced on the panel surface and the measurements were repeated. Signal processing methods for features extraction from signals were proposed. These features were applied in order to detect and localize the presence anomalies in the investigated panel. The signal processing was conducted in MATLAB with the procedures developed by the authors. The used measurement technology (vibrometer) allowed to register whole wavefield of the propagating guided waves. This allowed to visualize the interaction of the waves with rivets. After introducing the discontinuity on the panel surface wave interaction with it was investigated. Two positions of the additional mass were considered. One just before the riveted stiffener and second after the stiffener. Because of this the influence of the stiffener on the damage detection abilities could be investigated. It can be concluded that the guided wave can be used for monitoring of such complex structures. The vibrometer measurements allowed learn about the guided wave propagation phenomena and perform successful damage localization.

3D ELASTODYNAMIC FINITE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE SIMULATION OF GUIDED WAVES IN EXTENDED BUILT-UP STRUCTURES CONTAINING FLAWS

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILL BINGHAM ◽  
MARK HINDERS
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Finite Integration Technique ◽  
Numeric Simulation ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Complicated Surface

In order to understand guided wave propagation through real structures containing flaws, a parallel processing, 3D elastic wave simulation using the elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) has been developed. This full field, numeric simulation technique easily examines models too complex for analytical solutions, and is developed to handle built up 3D structures as well as layers with different material properties and complicated surface detail. The simulations produce informative visualizations of the guided wave modes in the structures as well as the output from sensors placed in the simulation space to mimic experiment.

Local Interaction Simulation Approach for Efficient Modeling of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Guided Wave Active Sensing of Complex Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Shen ◽  
Carlos E. S. Cesnik
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Nonlinear Interactions ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Interaction Simulation ◽  
Efficient Modeling

This paper presents the local interaction simulation approach (LISA) for efficient modeling of linear and nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave active sensing of complex structures. Three major modeling challenges are considered: material anisotropy with damping effects, nonlinear interactions between guided waves and structural damage, as well as geometric complexity of waveguides. To demonstrate LISA's prowess in addressing such challenges, carefully designed numerical case studies are presented. First, guided wave propagation and attenuation in carbon fiber composite panels are simulated. The numerical results are compared with experimental measurements obtained from scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) to illustrate LISA's capability in modeling damped wave propagation in anisotropic medium. Second, nonlinear interactions between guided waves and structural damage are modeled by integrating contact dynamics into the LISA formulations. Comparison with commercial finite element software reveals that LISA can accurately simulate nonlinear ultrasonics but with much higher efficiency. Finally, guided wave propagation in geometrically complex waveguides is studied. The numerical example of multimodal guided wave propagation in a rail track structure with a fatigue crack is presented, demonstrating LISA's versatility to model complex waveguides and arbitrary damage profiles. This article serves as a comprehensive, systematic showcase of LISA's superb capability for efficient modeling of transient dynamic guided wave phenomena in structural health monitoring (SHM).

Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Thin Orthotropic Layers: Exact and Approximate Analyses

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu K. Datta ◽  
Osama Mukdadi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation

Abstract Exact and approximate analyses of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in thin orthotropic layers are presented in this work. Exact solutions to the equations governing the dependence of guided wave propagation speeds on the elastic constants characterizing the anisotropic properties of the layers are presented and compared with the predictions of first order approximate theories for extensional and flexural waves in thin plates. Comparison with available experimental results for dispersion of these waves in thin sheets of different types of papers leads to the confirmation or modification of the elastic constants and density reported for these papers. A particular focus of this study is the coupling of three types of guided waves (extensional (S), flexural (A), and shear-horizontal (SH)) due to anisotropy of the material. It is shown that there are significant changes in the dispersion characteristics of these modes at certain frequencies, which can be exploited to measure the in-plane elastic properties of thin layers. Another focus is to study the limitations of approximate results when compared with exact solutions for wave propagation in different directions. In general good agreements are found at low frequencies.

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