A History of the Target Torque Values From ASME PCC-1 and Future Direction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay D. Rodery
Keyword(s):  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
Original Table ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Joint Assembly

Since its original issue in 2000, ASME PCC-1 has provided guidance to the user for establishing target torque values for bolted flanged joint assembly. The original tables were developed based on a reference bolt stress of 50 ksi (345 MPa) with guidance provided for making adjustments using other bolt stress values. Despite its attempts to provide clarity, the industry perception has been that the 50 ksi (345 MPa) reference bolt stress is a mandatory requirement, which has never been the intent. This paper reviews the basis of the original Table 1M/Table 1 values provided in PCC-1, and provides a forecast of future improvements utilizing a new concept called a Target Torque Index based on a unit bolt stress, allowing the user to utilize the guidance in Appendix O of PCC-1 to define the appropriate bolt stress for their particular situation.

scholarly journals Solving the Puzzle of Bolted Joints

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (06) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Edward Hayman ◽  
Clyde Neely
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Flange Joint ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Bolted Flange ◽  
Joint Integrity ◽  
Joint Assembly

This article discusses the various ways of solving the puzzle of bolted joint assembly. In 2001, The PCC-1-2000 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly presented with knowledge and practices specific to the assembly of bolted flange joints. The puzzle solution that came from this box was the most definitive to date and allowed those dealing with bolted joints to assemble the variables by methods that had been used successfully for many years by many people. This document is helping people across industry not only to assemble bolted flange joints, but also to establish joint integrity programs, procedures, and best practices. PCC-1-2010 shifts the emphasis to gasket stress and gasket type and provides instruction and information pertinent to bolt torque values. The 2010 document contains, for instance, a whole section on bolt stress—the unit load that should be put on the bolts—and includes tables as well.

Glancing Back, Striding Ahead

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Bouché
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Present State ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Future Direction

This article provides a succinct but comprehensive review of the history of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine. Three time periods are described: the pre-academy era, the early years of podiatric sports medicine leading up to the academy’s founding, and the academy’s founding and the 1970s. An appreciation of the academy’s past facilitates understanding of its present state and future direction. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(4): 315-320, 2003)

Literature Synthesis on Evaluative Measures in Healthcare Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Learning Domains ◽  
Healthcare Simulation ◽  
Literature Synthesis ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Meta Analyses

Whereas most educators have a good grasp on the history of simulation in healthcare, the current state and types of modalities related to simulation in healthcare education, and the future direction of healthcare simulation, many educators do not have an in-depth understanding of the metrics available to assess the use of simulation. The purpose of this literature synthesis is to build a repository of the metrics being used to evaluate nursing and healthcare provider simulation. Additionally, the level of fidelity and desired learning domains that the matrices purport to evaluate is examined. A secondary purpose of the literature synthesis is to determine if a suitable metric is available that can be used universally to evaluate nursing and healthcare related simulations. Finally, conceptual frameworks suitable for serving as the bases of instrument development related to nursing and health care simulation are explored. Primary studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews that discussed or evaluated metrics used to measure outcomes of simulation were analyzed. Recent articles, published within the last five years, which discussed the evaluation of nursing and or healthcare simulation, were eligible for inclusion. Additionally, descriptive, inferential, qualitative, and quantitative studies were eligible for inclusion.

2. An intellectual poison?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Critical Geopolitics ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Second World

The notion of geopolitics has not always been well received. It has been accused of being intellectually fraudulent, ideologically suspect, and tainted with associations with Nazism and fascism. ‘An intellectual poison?’ charts a brief history of geopolitics from before the Second World War to the present day looking at its origins, development, and reception. What is critical geopolitics? Geopolitics has attracted a great deal of academic and popular attention, often with little appreciation of its controversial intellectual history. Presidents and political commentators seem to love using the term: they associate it with danger, threats, space, and power. It is often used to make predictions about the future direction of politics.

Advances in endovascular neuro-oncology: endovascular selective intra-arterial (ESIA) infusion of targeted biologic therapy for brain tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visish M Srinivasan ◽  
Frederick F Lang ◽  
Stephen R Chen ◽  
Melissa M Chen ◽  
Joy Gumin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Arterial Access ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
History Of ◽  
Direct Delivery ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Future Direction

BackgroundMalignant gliomas continue to have a poor clinical outcome with available therapies. In the past few years, new targeted biologic therapies have been studied, with promising results. However, owing to problems with ineffective IV delivery of these newer agents, an alternative, more direct delivery mechanism is needed. Simultaneously, advancements in neuroendovascular technology have allowed endovascular selective intra-arterial approaches to delivery. This method has the potential to increase drug delivery and selectively target tumor vasculature.ObjectiveTo review the history of IA therapy for brain tumors, prior failures and successes, the emergence of new technologies and therapies, and the future direction of this young field.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of two databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline) was performed for several terms including ‘brain tumor’, ‘glioma’, and ‘endovascular intra-arterial’. Forty-five relevant articles were identified via a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Additional relevant articles were selected for further in-depth review. Emphasis was given to articles discussing selective intra-arterial intracranial delivery using microcatheters.ResultsEndovascular intra-arterial therapy with chemotherapy has had mixed results, with currently active trials using temozolomide, cetuximab, and bevacizumab. Prior attempts at IA chemotherapy with older-generation medications did not surpass the efficacy of IV administration. Advances in neuro-oncology have brought to the forefront new targeted biologic therapies.ConclusionsIn this review, we discuss the emerging field of endovascular neuro-oncology, a field that applies modern neuroendovascular techniques to the delivery of new therapeutic agents to brain tumors. The development of targeted therapies for brain tumors has been concurrent with the development of microcatheter technology, which has made superselective distal intracranial arterial access feasible and safe.

History of Ideas in Management Communication Quarterly

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rooney ◽  
Bernard McKenna ◽  
James R. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Management Communication ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identity Changes ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Published Research

For a quarter of a century, Management Communication Quarterly ( MCQ) has published research about communication in the context of work. This article charts the intellectual history of MCQ to trace its epistemic, theoretical, and identity changes. The authors consider how the journal’s published research has changed, why it has changed, and what its future direction should be. The article also considers MCQ as a place for a community of scholars and the journal’s identity as a member of that community. In providing this empirical study of MCQ’s history, it is hoped that organizational communication scholars can consider further questions about their research, their journals, and their communities within the research tradition.

Improving the Integrity of Lap Joint Flange Connections

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Grmek
Keyword(s):  
Lap Joint ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Bolt Stress ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bolt Holes ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Spiral Wound

Bolted connections where proper alignment is critical usually require the use of lap joint flanges. The ability of lap joint flanges to swivel around the pipe enables the connection to be installed with no rotational stress applied to the attached piping and equipment. The majority of lap joint flanges on the Enbridge Pipelines system are ANSI 600 and are located at pump nozzles. In these applications, Enbridge Pipelines’ standard specifies the use of spiral wound gaskets with inner rings. Problems with lap joint flanges typically occur at the time of assembly. There are a number of factors that contribute to the challenges of properly seating a gasket in these joints: • Since the raised face is separate from the flange, there is some flex in the face that could unevenly load the gasket; • The flange may not be concentric with the raised face that is welded to the pipe because of clearance between the pipe OD and the flange ID. Using the bolt holes to align the flange does not necessarily ensure that the raised faces are aligned; • Line up pins are not recommended on pump nozzles in order to ensure that no stress is placed on the pump. Consequently, the bottom studs are used to center the gasket and it is possible for the gasket to sit in the stud threads, increasing the misalignment between the gasket windings and the flange raised faces; • Specified torque values for a given flange size may be too high for use in a lap joint application. The perfect bolt alignment in these joints may result in a lower nut factor and subsequently a higher bolt stress for a given torque value. All of these factors can cause damage to the windings on a spiral wound gasket, eventually resulting in a leak. This paper will discuss ways to mitigate these issues.

Three Score and Fifteen Years of Habsburg and Austrian Historiography and a Quarter-Century of Editing the Austrian History Yearbook

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Rath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ford Foundation ◽  
International Project ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The University

Certain events sometimes exert a decisive influence on the future direction of a person's life. In my case one of the more determinative occurred during a brief week spent in Vienna in early February 1957 For one thing, I discovered in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv highly significant documents in some cartons that had just been returned to Austria from Italy, by mistake as it turned out. The director of the Austrian archives, Gebhard Rath, put these records at my disposal. These papers, together with material of lesser import in the Archivio di Stato in Milan, provided the documentation for an article showing how Austrian officials had thwarted the efforts of an Italian scoundrel to extort money from them. More important than this discovery were my conversations with Professor Hugo Hantsch, of the University of Vienna, during the course of which I promised to supply as complete a list as possible of United States and Canadian writings on the history of the Habsburg monarchy, take the initiative in founding some kind of association for American scholars interested in Habsburg and Austrian history, and endeavor to help the Austrian professor obtain a grant from the Ford Foundation for a large international project on the history of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 to 1918.

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