Piętra krajobrazowo-geochemiczne południowych stoków Kilimandżaro, Tanzania

The aim of this paper is to identify and describe the landscape and geochemical zones on the southern slopes of Kilimanjaro. Characterization of individual zones was carried out based on a literature synthesis and author own study. The article contains description of four main zones and eight subzones. The Kilimanjaro’s altitudinal vegetation zones have proper description, but this overview provides a holistic description of the structure and functioning of the landscape.

A systematic review of culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy using confidence intervals

Prior research fails to support the future implementation of culturally responsive teaching. We argue that imparting culturally responsive teaching practices in the curriculum is insufficient and that preservice teacher education should instead look to support the implementation of these practices in subsequent teaching. The purpose of this literature synthesis was to characterize preservice teachers’ culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy. Thus, the researchers focused on estimating normative scores for preservice teachers by calculating and comparing mean point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy (CRTSE) scale strength indices across studies. A total of 14 independent studies representing N = 1,026 preservice teachers and 21 independent measures of CRTSE were included in this literature synthesis. Preservice teacher mean scores on the CRTSE scale were characterized by visual interpretation of plots of the 95% confidence intervals. Based on the results, teacher educators can expect the average preservice teacher to be 70–83% certain of their ability to implement culturally responsive teaching. The data also indicate that CRTSE differs across preservice teacher specialization. Finally, the data also suggest that the representation of preservice teachers of color impacts the CRTSE score confidence intervals. Implications for teacher education, preservice teacher recruitment, and culturally responsive teaching are provided.

Potential sources and characteristic occurrence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene-harbouring bacteria recovered from the poultry sector: a literature synthesis specific to high-income countries

Understanding the sources, prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of mcr gene-harbouring bacteria (MGHB) in the poultry sector is crucial to supplement existing information. Through this, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) could be tackled to improve food safety and reduce public health risks. Therefore, we conducted a literature synthesis of potential sources and characteristic occurrence of MGHB recovered from the poultry sector specific to the high-income countries (HICs). Colistin (COL) is a last-resort antibiotic used for treating deadly infections. For more than 60 years, COL has been used in the poultry sector globally, including the HICs. The emergence and rapid spread of mobile COL resistance (mcr) genes threaten the clinical use of COL. Currently, ten mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been described. By horizontal and vertical transfer, the mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, and mcr-9 genes have disseminated in the poultry sector in HICs, thus posing a grave danger to animal and human health, as harboured by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, and Aeromonas isolates. Conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids are the major backbones for mcr in poultry isolates from HICs. The mcr-1, mcr-3 and mcr-9 have been integrated into the chromosome, making them persist among the clones. Transposons, insertion sequences (IS), especially ISApl1 located downstream and upstream of mcr, and integrons also drive the COL resistance in isolates recovered from the poultry sector in HICs. Genes coding multi-and extensive-drug resistance and virulence factors are often co-carried with mcr on chromosome and plasmids in poultry isolates. Transmission of mcr to/among poultry strains in HICs is clonally unrestricted. Additionally, the contact with poultry birds, manure, meat/egg, farmer’s wears/farm equipment, consumption of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, and trade of poultry-related products continue to serve as transmission routes of MGHB in HICs. Indeed, the policymakers, especially those involved in antimicrobial resistance and agricultural and poultry sector stakeholders-clinical microbiologists, farmers, veterinarians, occupational health clinicians and related specialists, consumers, and the general public will find this current literature synthesis very useful.

Music and Literature Synthesis in Paul Dukas's Aesthetics

Рассмотрев и систематизировав представления о синтезе искусства Поля Дюка, автор статьи приходит к выводу об их оригинальности: в постоянном диалоге с вагнеровской идеей совокупного произведения искусств французскому композитору удалось изложить новый подход к интеграции музыки и слова. Обладая изысканным и утонченным литературным стилем, Дюка выражает свои мысли довольно туманно и неопределенно. Чтобы описать взаимодействие различных видов искусства, он использует понятия, относящиеся к концептам идеи («поэтическая идея» и «музыкальная идея») и эмоции («поэтическая эмоция» и «музыкальная эмоция»). Конечным результатом синтеза становится «поэма», в которой музыка и слово комплементарны друг другу и функционируют по единым законам. Having studied and systematized Paul Dukas's concept of synthesis of arts, the author of the article comes to conclusion that it possesses authentic originality: in a constant dialogue with Wagner's idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, the French composer had the capacity of introducing a new approach towards music and literature fusion. Having established a rather sophisticated poetic style, Dukas expresses his thoughts in a vague and ambiguous way. To illustrate the interaction of various art forms, he resorts to using certain definitions that refer to the concepts of idea (“poetic idea” and “musical idea”) and emotion (“poetic emotion” and “musical emotion”). The endpoint of this interaction is poeme, which suggests that both elements are now subjected to universal laws and are complementary.

Observation Studies in Special Education: A Synthesis of Validity Evidence for Observation Systems

Classroom observation research plays an important role in policy, practice, and scholarship for students with disabilities. When interpreting results of observation studies, it is important to consider the validity evidence provided by researchers and how that speaks to the intended use of those results. In this literature synthesis, we used Kane’s argument-based approach to validity to describe evidence of validity for uses of observation instruments in classroom observation research regarding teachers of students with disabilities. We identified 102 studies from 1975 to 2020 that met inclusion criteria. Results indicated many studies did not report validity evidence to support their use of the observation instruments. Over time, reporting levels for much of the evidence has remained relatively constant, but we noted a consistent decrease in number of observations conducted per teacher and a consistent and large increase in reporting of teacher participant characteristics. We provide implications of this for research and practice and suggestions for improving classroom observation research.

Performance of SMEs: Literature synthesis of contingency models

The fundamental issue of performance of SMEs has been intensively analyzed by academia mainly through performance models. Performance models are largely focused on predicting failure and have intrinsic limitations. The present literature synthesis proposes an alternative perspective from seemingly unconnected empirical studies, which share the performance of SMEs as a common criterion: contingency models. Such perspective emphasizes the positive facet of SMEs results and complements the current academic standard of prediction models. This study performed integration and conceptual classification of 99 articles cataloged as contingency models and published by reputed journals from 1999 to 2019. The evidence from the integrated empirical literature revealed an ample and diverse set of supported variables that explain a positive economic outcome in small ventures. The analysis and classification of the articles derived 7 sections, 24 categories and 131 supported variables, which are intended to help improve the scholarly and professional analysis of SME performance due to the inherent viability of the integrated articles, proving a benign economic output. This view contradicts the current paradigm of performance models, which is insufficient to predict or explain how to improve SMEs results. The integrated elements developed by this study can work as a framework for the academic research of SMEs performance, and practical guidance for SMEs’ managers. This synthesis sets an agenda for further academic research in the field of SME performance, specifically in the areas of methodology, operationalization of performance, and empirical research.

Multiple intelligence and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition – a failsafe approach of neuromarketing

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between multiple intelligence (MI) and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. It discusses to what extent each dimension of MI is considered as an activation driver of entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. This paper also aims to expand the domain of entrepreneurial opportunities recognition via MI by considering the mediating role of neuromarketing perception, adopting a combined perspective of intelligence, entrepreneurship and also neuromarketing to provide a future direction for the creation of interdisciplinary insights in the area of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for literature synthesis to define key concepts surrounding MI and entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. Besides, it also attempted to identify an influential mediator in explaining the entrepreneurial opportunities recognition phenomenon. Consequently, this paper identified the gaps in current research to draw upon a more holistic conceptual framework. The rationale for the research was justified within the body of research. Findings This paper suggested research propositions based on the literature synthesis in view of MI and entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. More specifically, it has proposed a conceptual framework, explaining the relationship between a multi-dimensional view of both MI and entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. It is envisaged that the mediating role of neuromarketing perception incorporated in this conceptual work will improve the predictive value of the proposed framework and offer additional insights about factors that advance entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. Research limitations/implications This paper suffers from the obvious limitation of lacking empirical investigation. However, it does provide a theoretical rationale for the argument that entrepreneurial opportunities recognition can be advanced if MI are identified and associated with neuromarketing dimensions. Perhaps the most important direction for future research is further extension and validation of this framework by performing an empirical investigation to produce newer insights into this phenomenon. Originality/value This conceptual work is different from previous studies on the grounds it has considered unexplored issues in explaining entrepreneurial opportunities recognition. To bridge the critical knowledge gap of the entrepreneurial opportunities recognition phenomenon, a mediating effect of neuromarketing perception is also integrated within the model. The proposed model was neither formulated nor tested empirically in previous studies locally or perhaps globally, therefore it stands out as an original contribution incorporating MI and entrepreneurial opportunities recognition phenomenon while considering the brain activity through neuromarketing perception.

THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON WOMEN’S WEALTH IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA

The current state of the financial industry is starting to provide various products and services to help individuals overcome their financial difficulties. To pursue the expansion of the financial industry, individuals must be financially literate in helping them manage their financial products and services. This paper aims to determine factors of financial literacy that influence women’s wealth accumulation. This research produced a simple conceptual framework on the relationship between financial literacy and women’s wealth accumulation based on literature synthesis. The framework suggested that financial knowledge, financial behaviour, and financial attitude will influence financial literacy. In contrast, as moderating factors, demographics will also influence women’s financial literacy. Thus, financial literacy will influence wealth accumulation.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE QUESTION OF CHILD VIOLENCE IN UKRAINE

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign researches of the problem of violence and abuse of children; the concept of “violence” is substantiated; the semantic content of the leading concepts of the problem is revealed. The signs and types of violence against a child are highlighted and systematized. The causes of violence against a child are analyzed, as the commitments of violence, especially against children, become widespread nowadays.To solve the defined tasks, a set of research methods are used in the article, they include: analysis of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical literature, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization to substantiate the starting points of the study, identify the nature and risk factors for violence against children.It has been investigated and determined that the problem of violence does not arise by itself, it also brings other problems. There are many reasons for violence, it can be: social, economic factors; factors that determine the structure of the family and the model of communication in it; factors related to the identity of the parents, the child, etc.Violence is divided into the following main types: physical, psychological, sexual, and economic or neglect of the basic needs of the child. Each of these types has its own typical features in the set of which a psychologist or educator can identify children who have become victims of violence.The risk factors for violence against a child are described: socio-economic risk factors, risk factors related to the model of communication and family structure, risk factors due to the personality of the parents.It has been emphasized that a child who has become victim of violence suffers serious injuries and may become in the future a potential aggressor both for the society and his own immediate environment. According to the results of the study, we can conclude that it is important to implement a mandatory program of work with a child victim of violence, so that he could overcome this problem, get rid of fear, anxiety, emotional shock, and return to life as a psychologically healthy personality.Key words: violence, child, abuse, types of violence, risk factors. У статті здійснено комплексний аналіз вітчизняних і зарубіжних напрацювань з проблеми насильства та жорстокого поводження щодо дитини; обґрунтовано поняття «насильство»; розкрито змістове наповнення провідних понять проблеми. Висвітлено та систематизовано ознаки, види насильницьких дій щодо дитини. Проаналізовано причини виникнення насильства щодо дитини, оскільки скоєння насильства, особливо до дітей, набуває зараз надзвичайно великого масштабу.Для розв’язання визначених задач у статті використано комплекс методів дослідження, який вклю-чав аналіз філософської, соціологічної, психологічної та педагогічної літератури, синтез, порівняння, систематизацію, узагальнення задля обґрунтування вихідних положень дослідження, виявлення сутності та факторів ризику виникнення насильства щодо дитини.Досліджено та визначено, що проблема насильства не виникає сама по собі, їй передують інші. Причин виникнення насильства дуже багато, це можуть бути соціальні, економічні фактори; фактори, що обумовлені структурою сім’ї та моделлю спілкування у ній; фактори, що пов’язані з особистістю батьків, самої дитини тощо.Поділяється насильство на такі основні види, як фізичне, психологічне, сексуальне, економічне або нехтування основними потребами дитини. Кожен із цих видів має свої типові ознаки, в сукупності яких психологу чи педагогу можна визначити дітей, що стали жертвами насильства.Охарактеризовано фактори ризику виникнення насильства щодо дитини, такі як соціально-економічні фактори ризику, фактори ризику, що пов’язані з моделлю спілкування та структурою сім’ї, фактори ризику, що обумовлені особистістю батьків.Акцентовано увагу на тому, що дитина, яка стала жертвою насильства, зазнає надзвичайно важких травм, а в майбутньому сама може стати потенційним агресором для суспільства та свого близького оточення. За результатами дослідження можемо дійти висновку, що важливим є впровадження обов’язкової програми роботи з дитиною, що стала жертвою насильства, щоб вона змогла подолати цю проблему, позбутися страху, переживань, емоційних потрясінь та повернутись до життя як психологічно здорова особистість.Ключові слова: насильство, дитина, жорстоке поводження, види насильства, фактори ризику.

SUSTAINABLE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SMALL MEDIUM COFFEE FARMERS IN SUMEDANG REGENCY, INDONESIA

Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities. One of the coffee-producing areas in Indonesia is Sukawangi Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. As the sole actor in running a business, the business actor never calculates the production costs that arise into the cost element. One of the problems of SMEs is the lack of knowledge of SME entrepreneurs about good business management. The next problem faced by SME entrepreneurs is increasing their business competitiveness. Another problem of SMEs that often escapes the attention of UKM entrepreneurs is branding. The last mistake that many UKM players make is that many are not aware that manual bookkeeping is a serious problem for SMEs. In this study, the authors performed a literature synthesis to understand the underlying reasons for issues faced by SMEs about good business management. From the analysis, it can be concluded that consumer behaviour/ preferences/ shops; value chain/ geographical; sustainability/ environment; finance farming; regulation/ certification; and COVID-19 plays a significant part in determining the success of coffee production. Further studies should be performed to test this conceptual model in Indonesia. The results of the study can be useful for all the stakeholders in the coffee Industry, particularly the coffee farmers.