Calculation of a Shear Strain Parameter for a Three-Dimensional Fung-Type Exponential Model of the Arterial Wall Under Torsion

ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference ◽

10.1115/sbc2007-176658 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

J. Scott VanEpps ◽

David A. Vorp

Keyword(s):

Coronary Arteries ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Cardiac Cycle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Epicardial Surface ◽

Mechanical Deformations ◽

Systemic Nature

The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions within the coronary arteries is highly localized, despite the fact that risk factors (e.g., dyslipidemia) are systemic nature. The biomechanical milieu of the coronary arteries is unique in that in addition to cyclic pressure, circumferential distension and shear stress, they experience mechanical deformations of twisting, bending, and longitudinal stretching due to their tethering to the dynamic epicardial surface [1]. Biplane cineangiographic reconstruction studies have demonstrated that the coronary arteries experience as much as 20° of torsion during a cardiac cycle [2]. Spatial variations in shear and mural stresses caused by this deformation could account for the heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques.

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A New 3D Reconstruction Method for Human Coronary Bifurcations for Shear Stress Computations

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80251 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Gijsen ◽

Hans Schuurbiers ◽

Michiel Schaap ◽

Anton van der Steen ◽

Jolanda Wentzel

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Human Coronary Artery ◽

Multislice Computer Tomography ◽

Stress Influences ◽

The Impact

Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, followed by an inflammatory response. Plaque formation is generally observed near bifurcations in coronary arteries. The composition of atherosclerotic plaques depends on the location, and it was hypothesized that blood flow induced shear stress influences plaque composition2. To study the impact of shear stress on atherosclerotic disease in human coronary arteries, we developed a technique that enables us to generate 3D lumen reconstruction based on multislice computer tomography (MSCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).We describe two approaches to generate 3D reconstructions of human coronary artery bifurcations and apply them to coronary segments with bifurcations. We will evaluate the effect on shear stress distribution and its relationship to wall thickness.

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Where the Action Is—Leukocyte Recruitment in Atherosclerosis

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.813984 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Carina Mauersberger ◽

Julia Hinterdobler ◽

Heribert Schunkert ◽

Thorsten Kessler ◽

Hendrik B. Sager

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Leukocyte Recruitment ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Recruitment Process ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Growing Body ◽

Monocytes And Macrophages ◽

Insight Into

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide and leukocyte recruitment is a key element of this phenomenon, thus allowing immune cells to enter the arterial wall. There, in concert with accumulating lipids, the invading leukocytes trigger a plethora of inflammatory responses which promote the influx of additional leukocytes and lead to the continued growth of atherosclerotic plaques. The recruitment process follows a precise scheme of tethering, rolling, firm arrest, crawling and transmigration and involves multiple cellular and subcellular players. This review aims to provide a comprehensive up-to-date insight into the process of leukocyte recruitment relevant to atherosclerosis, each from the perspective of endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and platelets. In addition, therapeutic options targeting leukocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions—or potentially arising from the growing body of insights into its precise mechanisms—are highlighted.

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Multislice Computed Tomography Capabilities in Assessment of the Coronary Arteries Atherosclerotic Lesions

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2019.2.10214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

H. E. El Manaa ◽

D. Yu. Shchekochikhin ◽

M. S. Shabanova ◽

A. A. Lomonosova ◽

D. G. Gognieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Multislice Computed Tomography ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Coronary Lesion ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Coronary Events

Until today, there are no universally accepted methods for detection of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, even though many recent studies were devoted to this issue. In this article we present modern possibilities of computed tomography in visualization of atherosclerotic coronary lesion, including the detection of unstable lesions, whot in turn, can help in diagnosing subclinical exacerbation of ischemic heart disease and in the stratification of risks of acute coronary events.

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Features of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary and peripheral arteries among patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease

Medical academic journal ◽

10.17816/maj19273-80 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Alexander R. Prudnikov

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Study Groups ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Syntax Score ◽

Peripheral Arteries ◽

Average Force ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions

The aim of the article. To determine the features of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with various forms of coronary heart disease. Material and methods. Male patients with verified IHD diagnoses: stable angina pectoris of 2 FC and patients with myocardial infarction of different localization and severity were investigated. All of the examined patients were underwent ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries with assessment of vessel wall, intima-media complex and description of atherosclerotic plaques if they were presented in vessels. Results. The predominance of non-concentric atherosclerotic plaques of type 3 according to the classification of Gray-Weal and Geroulakos in peripheral arteries is noted. It was found that atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries, combined with the thickening of the intima-media complex were more common in the group of patients with myocardial infarction. The amount of Syntax score I points, reflecting the severity of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries, did not differ significantly in the studied groups. The presence of direct correlation relationships of average force (p < 0,05) between the parameters of peripheral artery atherosclerosis severity and Syntax score I points, as well as the number of affected coronary arteries in the study groups was noted. Conclusion. The results indicate a close relationship between carotid and coronary atherosclerosis, which determines the importance of using ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries (in particular, brachiocephalic) to assess the risk of recurrent acute coronary events.

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Microbial landscape of atherosclerotic plaques biopsy samples

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-979 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 979-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D M Sharifullina ◽

R M Vasil’eva ◽

T I Yakovleva ◽

E G Nikolaeva ◽

O K Pozdeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Bacteriological Method ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Simplex Virus

Aim. To study the microflora composition of different localization atherosclerotic plaques in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods. 88 samples of atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed, including brachycephalic arteries - 71, the coronary arteries - 13, the aorta - 2, vessels of lower extremities - 2. The specimens were obtained from 71 men and 17 women aged 30-79 years (mean age 50.8 years). The presence of aerobic and anaerobic microflora was determined by bacteriological method. Detection of the cytomegalovirus nucleic acid, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The most diverse microflora was represented in the plaques of the neck vessels (carotid arteries). Thereat we found bacteria in 77.5% of the samples, including Propionibacterium acnes - 40.8%, the Staphylococcus genus - 50.7%. 83.3% Staphylococcus isolates were identified as S. epidermidis. In 14.1% of the samples from the brachycephalic artery plaques microorganisms associations (P. acnes and S. epidermidis) were found. The coronary arteries and aorta plaques microflora was represented entirely by P. acnes - 15.4 and 50% respectively. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and Epstein-Barr virus nucleic acids were detected in 6.7% of samples of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques. Bacteria associations were presented exclusively in atherosclerotic plaques from brachycephalic arteries - 11.4% of the samples, including 9 bacteria (P. acnes and S. epidermidis) associations, and one association consisted of 3 microorganisms: 2 bacteria (P. acnes and S. epidermidis) and the virus (Epstein-Barr virus). Conclusion. Observed high frequency of microorganisms detection in studied atherosclerotic plaques samples allows to suggest their possible pathogenetic role in the blood vessels endothelium atherosclerotic lesions formation.

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