Mechanical Validation of Computed Tomographic Quantification of Posterolateral Intertransverse Lumbar Fusion

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O’Brien ◽  
Yifei Dai ◽  
Glen L. Niebur
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Manual Palpation

The New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit is often used as an animal model in posterolateral intrertransverse lumbar fusions [1]. Qualitative measures, such as manual palpation and radiographs, have been used to assess fusion mass [1]. However, an evaluation by sacrifice and biomechanical testing is the gold standard for quantitative data. A non-invasive approach to quantitatively assess the mechanics of spinal fusion could allow longitudinal studies with decreased need for animal sacrifice.

O-237 A non-invasive approach for aneuploidy analysis in clinical miscarriages

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Balaguer Cuenca ◽  
L Rodrigo ◽  
E Mateu-Brull ◽  
I Campos-Galindo ◽  
N Al-Asmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Maternal Cell ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Study question Is maternal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing a feasible alternative to the analysis of the product of conception (POC) in clinical miscarriages? Summary answer This study demonstrates that genome-wide cfDNA testing in the maternal bloodstream constitutes a reliable tool to analyse chromosome aneuploidies in clinical miscarriages. What is known already It is well established that 50-70% of clinical miscarriages are caused by numerical chromosomal anomalies (aneuploidies), mostly trisomies. To date, conventional cytogenetic and advanced molecular techniques are used for the analysis of POC to identify the genetic cause of miscarriage, providing valuable information for genetic counselling. However, both approaches are based in the direct analysis of the abortive tissue, which entails several limitations due to the risk of culture failure and/or maternal cell contamination. To solve these drawbacks, maternal cfDNA testing emerges as a promising alternative due to the accumulated evidence. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective study conducted in a reference genetic laboratory from January to December 2020. Before carrying out the foetal tissues collection that precludes the POC analysis, a blood sample was drawn to evaluate possible aneuploidies by cfDNA testing. Using NGS+STR POC results as the gold standard, results derived from both studies were compared to assess the percentage of concordance and the cases of non-informativeness (foetal fraction (FF) <2%), false positives, and false negatives. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 12 cases were included in the study. cfDNA testing in the mother’s blood was performed by using Illumina’s technology platform. Genetic testing for POC was done using an NGS technology (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for 24 chromosome aneuploidy screening. Short-tandem repeat (STR) analysis allowed us to detect or rule out maternal cell contamination (MCC) and some types of polyploidies. Main results and the role of chance The non-informative rate for both analysis techniques was 9.1% (1 out of 12 cases: 1 low FF for cfDNA testing and maternal cell contamination for POC analysis). The median cfDNA FF was 9.0%. Using the molecular POC analysis as gold standard, the concordance rate between both studies was 90.0% (9 out of 10 cases;1 monosomy X, 1 trisomy (T) 21, 1 T22, 1 T11 and 5 patients with no alteration detected). No mosaics or structural rearrangements were identified by either of the two analysis techniques. The only discordant result was a case in which cytogenetics of POCs identified a triploidy. This discordancy is expected since triploidies are outside the scope of cfDNA testing. Also, foetal sex was correctly assigned in all informative cases. The sensibility and specificity of the study were estimated at 80.0 (4/5) and 100.0% (6/6), respectively. Statistics analysis suggested that no significant difference was found between both techniques regarding the aneuploidy detection ability (P=0.5). These promising results indicate that genome-wide cfDNA-based screening provides a non-invasive approach for determining whether foetal aneuploidy could explain the loss in patients experiencing early o recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Limitations, reasons for caution The sample size prevents drawing more significant conclusions regarding the diagnosis power similarity between both testing techniques. Therefore, a larger cohort will be essential to improve confirm the cfDNA testing performance. Current cfDNA testing technology fails in polyploidy identification, which is a potential cause of pregnancy loss. Wider implications of the findings CfDNA testing could be an alternative to POC analysis in clinical miscarriage. If optimized, cfDNA testing could be used contingently with the molecular POC analysis in cases where maternal cell contamination is present. As a result, the overall success rate in the POC program could be substantially improved. Trial registration number NA

scholarly journals Validation of the saliva-based H. pylori test, HeliSAL™, and its use in prevalence surveys

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. COCKBURN ◽  
J. COLLETT ◽  
B. COX
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
H Pylori

The saliva-based H. pylori test, HeliSAL™, is insufficiently accurate for use in the clinical setting. However, its ease of use and non-invasiveness make it attractive for population-based studies of the epidemiology of H. pylori. We validated HeliSAL™, and comment here on its usefulness in prevalence surveys. One hundred and ninety-six patients receiving endoscopy at a clinic in New Zealand provided saliva samples for H. pylori assessment, which were compared to CLOtest (Delta West Pty Ltd, Western Australia) as a gold standard measure. Nineteen percent were truly H. pylori positive, 41 % were positive according to HeliSAL™. Test sensitivity was 74 % and specificity was 67 %. While HeliSAL™ is not well suited for the clinical diagnosis of H. pylori infection, it may be useful for large-scale prevalence surveys because, provided it is validated locally, mathematical adjustment can be made for misclassification. Being inexpensive, non-invasive, and easily stored and handled, HeliSAL™ may be a valuable tool for studies of the epidemiology of H. pylori.

scholarly journals Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease Detected by Multi Detector Computed Tomographic

2014 ◽  
pp. 133-5
Author(s):  
Oktavia Lilyasari ◽  
Poppy S Roebiono ◽  
Radityo Prakoso ◽  
Anna Ulfah Rahajoe ◽  
Indriwanto Sakidjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of

Kawasaki disease is an acute, self -limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and young children. The major sequele of Kawasaki disease are related to the coronary arterial system. Cardiac imaging is a critical part in evaluation of all patients with suspected Kawasaki disease. Multi Detector CT (MDCT) provides a safe non-invasive approach to accurately delineate coronary artery anatomic structure. We report a case of a 6 years old boy with history of Kawasaki disease. Multi detector CT scan showed giant aneurysm at proximal LAD, proximal RCA and medium aneurysm at proximal LCX. Patient then treated with the anticoagulant therapy.

Diagnostic workup and endovascular treatment of popliteal artery trauma

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheong J. Lee ◽  
Rory Loo ◽  
Max V. Wohlauer ◽  
Parag J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Arterial Injuries ◽  
Arterial Trauma ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract. Although management paradigms for certain arterial trauma, such as aortic injuries, have moved towards an endovascular approach, the application of endovascular techniques for the treatment of peripheral arterial injuries continues to be debated. In the realm of peripheral vascular trauma, popliteal arterial injuries remain a devastating condition with significant rates of limb loss. Expedient management is essential and surgical revascularization has been the gold standard. Initial clinical assessment of vascular injury is aided by readily available imaging techniques such as duplex ultrasonography and high resolution computed tomographic angiography. Conventional catheter based angiography, however, remain the gold standard in the determination of vascular injury. There are limited data examining the outcomes of endovascular techniques to address popliteal arterial injuries. In this review, we examine the imaging modalities and current approaches and data regarding endovascular techniques for the management popliteal arterial trauma.

Diagnostic efficacy and suitability of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection – The future non-invasive gold-standard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Abdul Rasheed Qureshi ◽  
Zeeshan Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ramzan ◽  
Tehmina Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Chest Sonography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Detection

ABSTRACT Background: Conventionally Pleural effusions are suspected by history of pleuritis, evaluated by physical signs and multiple view radiography. Trans-thoracic pleural aspiration is done and aspirated pleural fluid is considered the gold-standard for pleural effusion. Chest sonography has the advantage of having high diagnostic efficacy over radiography for the detection of pleural effusion. Furthermore, ultrasonography is free from radiation hazards, inexpensive, readily available  and feasible for use in ICU, pregnant and pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the diagnostic accuracy of trans-thoracic ultrasonography for pleural fluid detection, which is free of such disadvantages. The objective is to determine the diagnostic efficacy of trans-thoracic ultrasound for detecting pleural effusion and also to assess its suitability for being a non-invasive gold-standard.   Subject and Methods: This retrospective study of 4597 cases was conducted at pulmonology  OPD-Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore from November 2016 to July 2018. Adult patients with clinical features suggesting pleural effusions were included while those where no suspicion of pleural effusion, patients < 14 years and pregnant ladies were excluded. Patients were subjected to chest x-ray PA and Lateral views and chest ultrasonography was done by a senior qualified radiologist in OPD. Ultrasound-guided pleural aspiration was done in OPD & fluid was sent for analysis. At least 10ml aspirated fluid was considered as diagnostic for pleural effusion. Patient files containing history, physical examination, x-ray reports, ultrasound reports, pleural aspiration notes and informed consent were retrieved, reviewed and findings were recorded in the preformed proforma. Results were tabulated and conclusion was drawn by statistical analysis. Results: Out of 4597 cases, 4498 pleural effusion were manifested on CXR and only 2547(56.62%) pleural effusions were proved by ultrasound while 2050 (45.57%) cases were reported as no Pleural effusion. Chest sonography demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy 100 % each. Conclusions: Trans-thoracic ultrasonography revealed an excellent efficacy that is why it can be considered as non-invasive gold standard for the detection of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol as a non-invasive approach to assess stress in dystocic dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
Szilárd Bodó ◽  
Ferenc Ruff ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractThe intensity and the magnitude of saliva cortisol responses were investigated during the first 48 h following birth in newborn dairy calves which underwent normal (eutocic, EUT, n = 88) and difficult (dystocic, DYS, n = 70) calvings. The effects of parity and body condition of the dam, the duration of parturition, the time spent licking the calf, the sex and birth weight of the calf were also analyzed. Neonatal salivary cortisol concentrations were influenced neither by factors related to the dam (parity, body condition) nor the calf (sex, birth weight). The duration of parturition and the time spent licking the calf also had no effect on salivary cortisol levels. Salivary cortisol concentrations increased rapidly after delivery in both groups to reach their peak levels at 45 and 60 min after delivery in EUT and DYS calves, respectively supporting that the birth process means considerable stress for calves and the immediate postnatal period also appears to be stressful for newborn calves. DYS calves exhibited higher salivary cortisol concentrations compared to EUT ones for 0 (P = 0.022), 15 (P = 0.016), 30 (P = 0.007), 45 (P = 0.003), 60 (P = 0.001) and 120 min (P = 0.001), and for 24 h (P = 0.040), respectively. Peak levels of salivary cortisol and the cortisol release into saliva calculated as AUC were higher in DYS than in EUT calves for the 48-h of the sampling period (P = 0.009 and P = 0.003, respectively). The greater magnitude of saliva cortisol levels in DYS calves compared to EUT ones suggest that difficult parturition means severe stress for bovine neonates and salivary cortisol could be an opportunity for non-invasive assessment of stress during the early neonatal period in cattle.

scholarly journals Lumbar Interbody Fusion Conducted on a Porcine Model with a Bioresorbable Ceramic/Biopolymer Hybrid Implant Enriched with Hyperstable Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Milan Krticka ◽  
Ladislav Planka ◽  
Lucy Vojtova ◽  
Vladimir Nekuda ◽  
Premysl Stastny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Bone Autograft ◽  
Autograft Group

Many growth factors have been studied as additives accelerating lumbar fusion rates in different animal models. However, their low hydrolytic and thermal stability both in vitro and in vivo limits their workability and use. In the proposed work, a stabilized vasculogenic and prohealing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2-STAB®) exhibiting a functional half-life in vitro at 37 °C more than 20 days was applied for lumbar fusion in combination with a bioresorbable scaffold on porcine models. An experimental animal study was designed to investigate the intervertebral fusion efficiency and safety of a bioresorbable ceramic/biopolymer hybrid implant enriched with FGF2-STAB® in comparison with a tricortical bone autograft used as a gold standard. Twenty-four experimental pigs underwent L2/3 discectomy with implantation of either the tricortical iliac crest bone autograft or the bioresorbable hybrid implant (BHI) followed by lateral intervertebral fixation. The quality of spinal fusion was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), biomechanical testing, and histological examination at both 8 and 16 weeks after the surgery. While 8 weeks after implantation, micro-CT analysis demonstrated similar fusion quality in both groups, in contrast, spines with BHI involving inorganic hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate along with organic collagen, oxidized cellulose, and FGF2- STAB® showed a significant increase in a fusion quality in comparison to the autograft group 16 weeks post-surgery (p = 0.023). Biomechanical testing revealed significantly higher stiffness of spines treated with the bioresorbable hybrid implant group compared to the autograft group (p < 0.05). Whilst histomorphological evaluation showed significant progression of new bone formation in the BHI group besides non-union and fibrocartilage tissue formed in the autograft group. Significant osteoinductive effects of BHI based on bioceramics, collagen, oxidized cellulose, and FGF2-STAB® could improve outcomes in spinal fusion surgery and bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Matilde Lombardero ◽  
Mario López-Lombardero ◽  
Diana Alonso-Peñarando ◽  
María del Mar Yllera
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Prosthesis Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Rigid Fixation ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Iatrogenic Complications ◽  
Mandibular Body

The cat mandible is relatively small, and its manipulation implies the use of fixing methods and different repair techniques according to its small size to keep its biomechanical functionality intact. Attempts to fix dislocations of the temporomandibular joint should be primarily performed by non-invasive techniques (repositioning the bones and immobilisation), although when this is not possible, a surgical method should be used. Regarding mandibular fractures, these are usually concurrent with other traumatic injuries that, if serious, should be treated first. A non-invasive approach should also first be considered to fix mandibular fractures. When this is impractical, internal rigid fixation methods, such as osteosynthesis plates, should be used. However, it should be taken into account that in the cat mandible, dental roots and the mandibular canal structures occupy most of the volume of the mandibular body, a fact that makes it challenging to apply a plate with fixed screw positions without invading dental roots or neurovascular structures. Therefore, we propose a new prosthesis design that will provide acceptable rigid biomechanical stabilisation, but avoid dental root and neurovascular damage, when fixing simple mandibular body fractures. Future trends will include the use of better diagnostic imaging techniques, a patient-specific prosthesis design and the use of more biocompatible materials to minimise the patient’s recovery period and suffering.

scholarly journals Buccal swabs as non-invasive specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110169
Author(s):  
Ritu Gaur ◽  
Dipesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Kapil Goyal ◽  
Shipra Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Rnase ◽  
Buccal Swabs ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Env Protein

Introduction The current gold standard for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA involves subjecting nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs to reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). However, both sample types need to be collected by trained professionals. Using self-collected buccal swabs as an alternative could simplify and accelerate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective To assess self-collected buccal swab samples as an alternative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in patients with COVID-19. Methods Buccal swab samples were self-collected by 73 patients with COVID-19. Total RNA was extracted using Qiagen kits. RNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Env protein and human RNase P as an internal control was amplified using the TRUPCR® SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR kit version 2.1 and a Bio-Rad CFX96 Real-Time Detection System. Result The sensitivity of RT-qPCR from buccal swabs was 58.9% (43/73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 46.77%–70.27%) and that of RT-qPCR from saliva was 62.90% (39/62; 95% CI 49.69%–74.84%) taking positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR from nasopharyngeal swabs as the gold standard. Conclusion Self-collected buccal swabs are promising alternatives to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs for SARS CoV-2 detection.

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