A Practical Power Maximization Design Guide for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Inspired by Avian Bio-Loggers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Shafer ◽  
Matthew Bryant ◽  
Ephrahim Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Power Maximization ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Ideal

Vibrational energy harvesting has been the subject of significant recent research, and has even begun commercial deployment. Despite the research community’s understanding of the fundamental mechanics of piezoelectric systems under base excitation, proper design methods and guidelines for applied systems are nonexistent. This leaves engineers with the options of either using non-ideal beams, or developing complex heuristic computational design programs. Such options are untenable given the state of research. We seek to answer a relatively simple question: Given mass, frequency, and size requirements, what would be the dimensions of the ideal bimorph harvester? By using approximations for the first natural frequency and mode shape, we are able to determine the unknown beam dimensions and modal parameters in terms of the system requirements and material properties. The result is a power equation that only depends on relative piezoelectric material thickness, and the mechanical damping ratio. With only two dependent variables, the equations can be swept in order to find the ideal beam geometry for any given damping ratio. In addition to presenting this method, two design case studies are provided as examples.

Advances in Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Nithin Kundachira Subramani ◽  
Shilpa K. N. ◽  
Sachhidananda Shivanna ◽  
Jagajeevan Raj B. M. ◽  
Siddaramaiah Hatna
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymer ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Piezoelectric Behavior ◽  
Vibrational Energy Harvesting

Lately, polymer based piezoelectric materials that harness energy from mechanical vibrations and/or impact are being increasingly investigated as radical alternates to conventional batteries that are hard to service once deployed. Nevertheless, the optimization of energy outputs of piezoelectric energy harvesters is one of the prime challenges faced by the scientific community. This chapter provides an overview of polymer based piezoelectric energy harvesters with special emphasis on current state of research on polymer composites/nanocomposites for vibrational energy harvesting. A detailed summary of piezoelectric phenomenon in polymers is also presented. An in-depth narration detailing the enhancement of piezoelectric behavior of one of the most commonly employed piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) is presented with special emphasis on some of the promising filler materials towards realizing high efficient piezoelectric modules. This chapter is intended to give an insight on the recent advances in the field of polymer based piezoelectric materials.

Equivalent impedance and power analysis of monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1697-1715
Author(s):  
Chunbo Lan ◽  
Yabin Liao ◽  
Guobiao Hu ◽  
Lihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Limit

Nonlinearity has been successfully introduced into piezoelectric energy harvesting for power performance enhancement and bandwidth enlargement. While a great deal of emphasis has been placed by researchers on the structural design and broadband effect, this article is motivated to investigate the maximum power of a representative type of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesters, that is, monostable piezoelectric energy harvester. An equivalent circuit is proposed to analytically study and explain system behaviors. The effect of nonlinearity is modeled as a nonlinear stiffness element mechanically and a nonlinear capacitive element electrically. Facilitated by the equivalent circuit, closed-form solutions of power limit and critical electromechanical coupling, that is, minimum coupling to reach the power limit, of monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters are obtained, which are used for a clear explanation of the system behavior. Several important conclusions have been drawn from the analytical analysis and validated by numerical simulations. First, given the same level of external excitation, the monostable piezoelectric energy harvester and its linear counterpart are subjected to the same power limit. Second, while the critical coupling of linear piezoelectric energy harvesters depends on the mechanical damping ratio only, it also depends on the vibration excitation and magnetic field for monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters, which can be used to adjust the power performance of the system.

Concurrent vibration attenuation and low-power electricity generation in a locally resonant metastructure

2022 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110725
Author(s):  
Mohid Muneeb Khattak ◽  
Christopher Sugino ◽  
Alper Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Laser Doppler Vibrometer ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vibration Attenuation ◽  
Electrodynamic Shaker ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Power Outputs

We investigate piezoelectric energy harvesting on a locally resonant metamaterial beam for concurrent power generation and bandgap formation. The mechanical resonators (small beam attachments on the main beam structure) have piezoelectric elements which are connected to electrical loads to quantify their electrical output in the locally resonant bandgap neighborhood. Electromechanical model simulations are followed by detailed experiments on a beam setup with nine resonators. The main beam is excited by an electrodynamic shaker from its base over the frequency range of0–150 Hz and the motion at the tip is measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer to extract its transmissibility frequency response. The formation of a locally resonant bandgap is confirmed and a resistor sweep is performed for the energy harvesters to capture the optimal power conditions. Individual power outputs of the harvester resonators are compared in terms of their percentage contribution to the total power output. Numerical and experimental analysis shows that, inside the locally resonant bandgap, most of the vibrational energy (and hence harvested energy) is localized near the excited base of the beam, and the majority of the total harvested power is extracted by the first few resonators.

scholarly journals Design Scalability Study of the G-Shaped Piezoelectric Harvester Based on Generalized Classical Ritz Method and Optimization

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Sinwoo Jeong ◽  
Soobum Lee ◽  
Hong-Hee Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Maximization ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Piezoelectric Harvester ◽  
Advanced Version

This paper studies the design scalability of a -shaped piezoelectric energy harvester (EH) using the generalized classical Ritz method (GCRM) and differential evolution algorithm. The generalized classical Ritz method (GCRM) is the advanced version of the classical Ritz method (CRM) that can handle a multibody system by assembling its equations of motion interconnected by the constraint equations. In this study, the GCRM is extended for analysis of the piezoelectric energy harvesters with material and/or orientation discontinuity between members. The electromechanical equations of motion are derived for the PE harvester using GCRM, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is experimentally validated by comparing frequency response functions for voltage and power output. Then the GCRM is used in the power maximization design study that considers four different total masses—15 g, 30 g, 45 g, 60 g—to understand design scalability. The optimized EH has the maximum normalized power density of 23.1 × 103 kg·s·m−3 which is the highest among the reviewed PE harvesters. We discuss how the design parameters need to be determined at different harvester scales.

scholarly journals The Effect of Axial Displacement of Magnets in Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.7) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Li Wah Thong ◽  
Yu Jing Bong ◽  
Swee Leong Kok ◽  
Roszaidi Ramlan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Operational Frequency ◽  
And Performance

The utilization of vibration energy harvesters as a substitute to batteries in wireless sensors has shown prominent interest in the literature. Various approaches have been adapted in the energy harvesters to competently harvest vibrational energy over a wider spectrum of frequencies with optimize power output.   A typical bistable piezoelectric energy harvester, where the influence of magnetic field is induced into a linear piezoelectric cantilever, is designed and analyzed in this paper. The exploitations of the magnetic force specifically creates nonlinear response and bistability in the energy harvester that extends the operational frequency spectrum for optimize performance.  Further analysis on the effects of axial spacing displacement between two repulsive magnets of the harvester, in terms of x-axis (horizontal) and z-axis (vertical) on its natural resonant frequency and performance based on the frequency response curve are investigated for realizing optimal power output. Experimental results show that by selecting the optimal axial spacing displacement, the vibration energy harvester can be designed to produce maximized output power in an improved broadband of frequency spectrum.  

Influence of Bias Angle on Output Performance of Nonlinear Asymmetric Energy Harvesters: Experimental Investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Junyi Cao ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chris R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In recent decades, the technique of piezoelectric energy harvesting has drawn a great deal of attention since it is a promising method to convert vibrational energy to electrical energy to supply lower-electrical power consumption devices. The most commonly used configuration for energy harvesting is the piezoelectric cantilever beam. Due to the inability of linear energy harvesting to capture broadband vibrations, most researchers have been focusing on broadband performance enhancement by introducing nonlinear phenomena into the harvesting systems. Previous studies have often focused on the symmetric potential harvesters excited in a fixed direction and the influence of the gravity of the oscillators was neglected. However, it is difficult to attain a completely symmetric energy harvester in practice. Furthermore, the gravity of the oscillator due to the change of installation angle will also exert a dramatic influence on the power output. Therefore, this paper experimentally investigates the influence of gravity due to bias angle on the output performance of asymmetric potential energy harvesters under harmonic excitation. An experimental system is developed to measure the output voltages of the harvesters at different bias angles. Experimental results show that the bias angle has little influence on the performance of linear and monostable energy harvesters. However, for an asymmetric potential bistable harvester with sensitive nonlinear restoring forces, the bias angle influences the power output greatly due to the effect of gravity. There exists an optimum bias angle range for the asymmetric potential bistable harvester to generate large output power in a broader frequency range. The reason for this phenomenon is that the influence of gravity due to bias angle will balance the nonlinear asymmetric potential function in a certain range, which could be applied to improve the power output of asymmetric bistable harvesters.

scholarly journals A Micromachined Coupled-Cantilever for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agin Vyas ◽  
L. G. H. Staaf ◽  
Cristina Rusu ◽  
Thorbjörn Ebefors ◽  
Jessica Liljeholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Dual Resonance ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Micro Cantilever

This paper presents a demonstration of the feasibility of fabricating micro-cantilever harvesters with extended stress distribution and enhanced bandwidth by exploiting an M-shaped two-degrees-of-freedom design. The measured mechanical response of the fabricated device displays the predicted dual resonance peak behavior with the fundamental peak at the intended frequency. This design has the features of high energy conversion efficiency in a miniaturized environment where the available vibrational energy varies in frequency. It makes such a design suitable for future large volume production of integrated self powered sensors nodes for the Internet-of-Things.

Wide Bandwidth Piezoelectric Energy Harvester With Transverse Movable Mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Rodriguez ◽  
Nathan Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Proof Mass ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Wide Bandwidth ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Frequency Sweeping

Abstract High Q-Factor vibrational energy harvesters are ideal as they maximize power generation, but a narrow bandwidth limits the potential use in most commercial applications, and it is a major challenge that has not been resolved. Numerous designs have been investigated to solve this challenge but most of the attempts are based on frequency sweeping mechanism or require complex design/fabrication which are not practical especially for MEMS devices. This paper reports for the first time a transverse vertical moving mass inside the proof mass as a method to widen the bandwidth which is independent of frequency sweeping. The out-of-plane movable mass is achieved by fabricating a vertical cavity in the proof mass and partially filling the cavity with metallic spheres. Ultra-wide bandwidth was achieved for low (0.5g) and high (1g) accelerations with an increase in bandwidth from 3.9 Hz (control) to 56 Hz (movable mass). This transverse method of widening the bandwidth is potentially scalable to MEMS devices.

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