Equivalent impedance and power analysis of monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1697-1715
Author(s):  
Chunbo Lan ◽  
Yabin Liao ◽  
Guobiao Hu ◽  
Lihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Limit

Nonlinearity has been successfully introduced into piezoelectric energy harvesting for power performance enhancement and bandwidth enlargement. While a great deal of emphasis has been placed by researchers on the structural design and broadband effect, this article is motivated to investigate the maximum power of a representative type of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesters, that is, monostable piezoelectric energy harvester. An equivalent circuit is proposed to analytically study and explain system behaviors. The effect of nonlinearity is modeled as a nonlinear stiffness element mechanically and a nonlinear capacitive element electrically. Facilitated by the equivalent circuit, closed-form solutions of power limit and critical electromechanical coupling, that is, minimum coupling to reach the power limit, of monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters are obtained, which are used for a clear explanation of the system behavior. Several important conclusions have been drawn from the analytical analysis and validated by numerical simulations. First, given the same level of external excitation, the monostable piezoelectric energy harvester and its linear counterpart are subjected to the same power limit. Second, while the critical coupling of linear piezoelectric energy harvesters depends on the mechanical damping ratio only, it also depends on the vibration excitation and magnetic field for monostable piezoelectric energy harvesters, which can be used to adjust the power performance of the system.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Magnetically Coupled Multi-Frequency Hybrid Energy Harvester

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenlong Xu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Huawei Ci ◽  
Maoying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Peak Output Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Operating Bandwidth ◽  
Frequency Sweep Test ◽  
Hybrid Energy Harvesting

The approach to improve the output power of piezoelectric energy harvester is one of the current research hotspots. In the case where some sources have two or more discrete vibration frequencies, this paper proposed three types of magnetically coupled multi-frequency hybrid energy harvesters (MHEHs) to capture vibration energy composed of two discrete frequencies. Electromechanical coupling models were established to analyze the magnetic forces, and to evaluate the power generation characteristics, which were verified by the experimental test. The optimal structure was selected through the comparison. With 2 m/s2 excitation acceleration, the optimal peak output power was 2.96 mW at 23.6 Hz and 4.76 mW at 32.8 Hz, respectively. The superiority of hybrid energy harvesting mechanism was demonstrated. The influences of initial center-to-center distances between two magnets and length of cantilever beam on output power were also studied. At last, the frequency sweep test was conducted. Both theoretical and experimental analyses indicated that the proposed MHEH produced more electric power over a larger operating bandwidth.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Study of an L Shape Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Kim ◽  
Seon-Jun Jang ◽  
Hyung-Jo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Low Efficiency

Piezoelectric energy harvesters of cantilevered beam type are studied in various fields due to simplicity. In general, these systems obtain electrical energy from mechanical strain by bending of cantilevered beam. However, conventional systems have disadvantages that they have low efficiency in frequency regions other than resonance frequency. To overcome the limitations, various energy harvesters to apply performance enhancement strategies are proposed and investigated. In this paper, a frequency-changeable L shape energy harvester which is form connected cantilever beam and rigid arm is proposed and investigated. The conventional piezoelectric energy harvester exhibits the principal frequency in the simple bending mode whereas the proposed system features the twisting mode resulting in a higher output voltage than the conventional system. The proposed energy harvester is simplified to a two-degree-of-freedom model and its dynamics are described. How the length of a rigid bar affects its natural frequencies is also studied. To evaluate the performance of the system, experiments by using a vertical shaker and numerical simulation are carried out. As a result, it is shown that the natural frequency for a twisting mode decreases as the arm length increased, and the higher output voltage is generated comparing with those of the conventional energy harvester.

Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Patch-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting on Plate-Like Structures With AC-DC Conversion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Aghakhani ◽  
Ipek Basdogan ◽  
Alper Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Circuit Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Modeling ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Parameters ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Multi Mode

The equivalent circuit modeling of the vibration-based energy harvesters for accurate estimation of electrical response has drawn much attention over the recent years. Different methods have been proposed to obtain the equivalent circuit parameters using analytical and finite element models of the piezoelectric energy harvesters. In such methods, the structure is a typical cantilever beam with piezoelectric layers under base excitation. As an alternative to beams, piezoelectric patch-based harvesters attached to thin plates can be considered due to the wide use of plate-like structures in automotive, marine and aerospace applications. Considering these needs, a multi-mode equivalent circuit model of a piezoelectric energy harvester integrated to a thin plate is developed in this study. Equivalent circuit parameters are obtained from analytical distributed-parameter model of the harvester which covers the electromechanical coupling behavior of the piezoelectric patch and vibration of the host plate. The multi-mode circuit representation of the harvester is built via electronic circuit simulation software SPICE. Using the SPICE software, electrical outputs of the piezoelectric energy harvester connected to linear and nonlinear circuit elements are computed. Simulation results are then validated for the standard AC-AC and AC-DC configurations. For the AC configuration, voltage Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) are calculated for various resistive loads and they exhibit excellent agreement with the published analytical closed-form solution. For the full-wave rectifier configuration, simulation results of the DC voltage and power outputs are calculated for a wide range of load resistance values and compared with the analytical single-mode expression of the harvester in the literature.

scholarly journals Load Resistance Optimization of a Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Primary Harmonic and Subharmonic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungryong Bae ◽  
Pilkee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Frequency Dependency ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Bistable Energy Harvester

In this study, optimization of the external load resistance of a piezoelectric bistable energy harvester was performed for primary harmonic (period-1T) and subharmonic (period-3T) interwell motions. The analytical expression of the optimal load resistance was derived, based on the spectral analyses of the interwell motions, and evaluated. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical ones. A parametric study shows that the optimal load resistance depended on the forcing frequency, but not the intensity of the ambient vibration. Additionally, it was found that the optimal resistance for the period-3T interwell motion tended to be approximately three times larger than that for the period-1T interwell motion, which means that the optimal resistance was directly affected by the oscillation frequency (or oscillation period) of the motion rather than the forcing frequency. For broadband energy harvesting applications, the subharmonic interwell motion is also useful, in addition to the primary harmonic interwell motion. In designing such piezoelectric bistable energy harvesters, the frequency dependency of the optimal load resistance should be considered properly depending on ambient vibrations.

scholarly journals Power Density Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via a Novel Hybridization Scheme with Electromagnetic Transduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Li ◽  
Chuanfu Xin ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Transduction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Power Densities

A novel hybridization scheme is proposed with electromagnetic transduction to improve the power density of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in this paper. Based on the basic cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (BC-PEH) composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric patch, and a cantilever beam, we replaced the mass block by a magnet array and added a coil array to form the hybrid energy harvester. To enhance the output power of the electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH), we utilized an alternating magnet array. Then, to compare the power density of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH, the experiments of output power were conducted. According to the experimental results, the power densities of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH are, respectively, 3.53 mW/cm3 and 5.14 μW/cm3 under the conditions of 18.6 Hz and 0.3 g. Therefore, the power density of the hybrid harvester is 686 times as high as that of the BC-PEH, which verified the power density improvement of PEH via a hybridization scheme with EMEH. Additionally, the hybrid harvester exhibits better performance for charging capacitors, such as charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 8 V within 17 s. It is of great significance to further develop self-powered devices.

Enhanced frequency synchronization for concurrent aeroelastic and base vibratory energy harvesting using a softening nonlinear galloping energy harvester

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110263
Author(s):  
Shun Chen ◽  
David Eager ◽  
Liya Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Effective Bandwidth ◽  
Frequency Synchronization ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Excited Oscillation

This paper proposes a softening nonlinear aeroelastic galloping energy harvester for enhanced energy harvesting from concurrent wind flow and base vibration. Traditional linear aeroelastic energy harvesters have poor performance with quasi-periodic oscillations when the base vibration frequency deviates from the aeroelastic frequency. The softening nonlinearity in the proposed harvester alters the self-excited galloping frequency and simultaneously extends the large-amplitude base-excited oscillation to a wider frequency range, achieving frequency synchronization over a remarkably broadened bandwidth with periodic oscillations for efficient energy conversion from dual sources. A fully coupled aero-electro-mechanical model is built and validated with measurements on a devised prototype. At a wind speed of 5.5 m/s and base acceleration of 0.1 g, the proposed harvester improves the performance by widening the effective bandwidth by 300% compared to the linear counterpart without sacrificing the voltage level. The influences of nonlinearity configuration, excitation magnitude, and electromechanical coupling strength on the mechanical and electrical behavior are examined. The results of this paper form a baseline for future efficiency enhancement of energy harvesting from concurrent wind and base vibration utilizing monostable stiffness nonlinearities.

Performance analysis of a lever piezoelectric energy harvester for roadway applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110014
Author(s):  
Guangya Ding ◽  
Hongjun Luo ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Guohui Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Output Characteristics

A novel lever piezoelectric energy harvester (LPEH) was designed for installation in an actual roadway for energy harvesting. The model incorporates a lever module that amplifies the applied traffic load and transmits it to the piezoelectric ceramic. To observe the piezoelectric growth benefits of the optimized LPEH structure, the output characteristics and durability of two energy harvesters, the LPEH and a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) without a lever, were measured and compared by carrying out piezoelectric performance tests and traffic model experiments. Under the same loading condition, the open circuit voltages of the LPEH and PEH were 20.6 and 11.7 V, respectively, which represents a 76% voltage increase for the LPEH compared to the PEH. The output power of the LPEH was 21.51 mW at the optimal load, which was three times higher than that of the PEH (7.45 mW). The output power was linearly dependent on frequency and load, implying the potential application of the module as a self-powered speed sensor. When tested during 300,000 loading cycles, the LPEH still exhibited stable structural performance and durability.

scholarly journals Modeling and Experiment of a V-Shaped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yi Qin ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Baoping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Piezoelectric Bimorph ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Operation Frequency

Vibration-based energy harvesting technology is the most promising method to solve the problems of self-powered wireless sensor nodes, but most of the vibration-based energy harvesters have a rather narrow operation bandwidth and the operation frequency band is not convenient to adjust when the ambient frequency changes. Since the ambient vibration may be broadband and changeable, a novel V-shaped vibration energy harvester based on the conventional piezoelectric bimorph cantilevered structure is proposed, which successfully improves the energy harvesting efficiency and provides a way to adjust the operation frequency band of the energy harvester conveniently. The electromechanical coupling equations are established by using Euler-Bernoulli equation and piezoelectric equation, and then the coupled circuit equation is derived based on the series connected piezoelectric cantilevers and Kirchhoff's laws. With the above equations, the output performances of V-shaped structure under different structural parameters and load resistances are simulated and discussed. Finally, by changing the angle θ between two piezoelectric bimorph beams and the load resistance, various comprehensive experiments are carried out to test the performance of this V-shaped energy harvester under the same excitation. The experimental results show that the V-shaped energy harvester can not only improve the frequency response characteristic and the output performance of the electrical energy, but also conveniently tune the operation bandwidth; thus it has great application potential in actual structure health monitoring under variable working condition.

Closed-form solutions of bending-torsion coupled forced vibrations of a piezoelectric energy harvester under a fluid vortex

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Weidong Zhu ◽  
Ying-hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Torsional Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Abstract Vibration energy harvesting problems have strongly developed in recent years. However, many researchers just consider bending vibration models of energy harvesters. As a matter of fact, torsional vibration is also important and cannot be ignored in many cases. In this work, closed-form solutions of bending-torsion coupled forced vibrations of a piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to a fluid vortex are derived. Timoshenko beam model is used for modeling the energy harvester, and the extended Hamilton's principle is used in the modeling process. Since piezoelectric effects in both bending and torsional directions are considered, two kinds of electric coupling effects appear in forced vibration equations, and a new model for the electric circuit equation is developed. Lamb-Oseen vortex model is considered in this study. Both the external aerodynamic force and moment are simple harmonic loads. Three damping coefficients are considered in the present model. Based on Green's function method, closed-form solutions of the piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to the water vortex are derived. Some published results are used to verify the present solutions. It can be concluded through analysis that when torsional vibration is considered, the bandwidth of the high energy area of the voltage becomes large, and the bending-torsion coupled vibration energy harvester can produce more power than a transverse vibration energy harvester.

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