Experimental Investigations in Embedded Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Components in Aerospace Vehicles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya Ghoshal ◽  
James Ayers ◽  
Mark Gurvich ◽  
Michael Urban ◽  
Nathaniel Bordick
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Fbg Sensors

This paper summarizes the experimental investigations for smart embedded sensing in rotorcraft composite components. The overall objective of this effort was to develop smart embedded sensor technologies for condition based maintenance (CBM) for composite components in Army rotorcraft. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations related to development and maturation of different types of embedded sensing solutions for structural health monitoring of composite components including Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, phased and discrete piezoelectric sensor arrays. A discussion is provided relative to embedment of optical fibers into composites, and the results from embedded FBG sensors in a rotorcraft flexbeam subcomponent test specimen with seeded delamination subjected to dynamic loading. Likewise, results are analyzed of surface mounted phased array and embedded smart piezoelectric sensors in the flexbeam subcomponent test specimen with embedded delamination, subjected to fatigue cyclic loading. The paper also summarizes the lessons learned from efforts to nucleate and propagate delamination within composite components under dynamic cyclic loading.

Thermo-Electromechanical Response of Polymer-Bonded Explosives for Structural Health Monitoring of Energetic Materials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha N. Rocker ◽  
T. Wade Pearrell ◽  
Engin C. Sengezer ◽  
Gary D. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Polymer Bonded Explosives ◽  
Electrical And Dielectric Properties

Distributing a carbon nanotube sensing network throughout the binder phase of energetic composites is investigated in an effort for real time embedded sensing of localized heating in polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) through thermo-electromechanical response for in situ structural health monitoring (SHM) in energetic materials. The experimental effort herein is focused on using 70 wt% Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) (solid oxidizer used in solid rocket propellants) crystals embedded into epoxy binder having concentration of 0.1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) relative to entire hybrid energetics. Electrical and dielectric properties of neat (i.e. no MWCNTs) energetics and MWCNT hybrid energetics are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated under localized thermal loading. Electrical and dielectric properties showed variations for both neat energetics and MWCNT hybrid energetics depending on input frequency measurements. Significant thermo-electromechanical response was obtained for MWCNT AP hybrid energetics, providing a proof of concept for thermo-electromechanical sensing for realtime SHM in energetics.

Embedded Capacitance Sensor Array for Structural Health Monitoring of Pipeline Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarod Weber ◽  
Jianfeng Shi ◽  
Chuck Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Embedded Capacitance

Embedded capacitance sensor arrays for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of piping is explored. Using a capacitive electrode layer system embedded within Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) layers, to detect potential damage and loading conditions. The sensors are comprised of an electrode array, and allow changes in system capacitance to be monitored. Combined with baseline data points, subsequent measurements can provide indication of applied force changes within composite patched or composite reinforced piping, allowing for repair or reinforcement health status monitoring. Unlike traditional sensors which only measure a single point, the proposed approach incorporates an electrode array technique, while capacitive sensing affords the ability to detect minuscule changes in force on the whole pipe surface. Thus, providing detection and monitoring capabilities beyond those currently employed by industry such as optical fiber or strain gauge.

Development of a Convolutional Neural Network Assisted Fiber Optics Based Passive Structural Health Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainulla Khan ◽  
Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Fbg Sensors ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The continuous Non-Destructive Evaluation of assets for long-term assurance of performance has led to several developments over the deployment of a Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. Considering the challenges involved under the implementation of an SHM system for the applications working under harsh environmental conditions with limited access to power sources this work is aimed to contribute towards overcoming those challenges by using the noise from the structure’s machinery or any ambient source as an alternative energy source and employing Fiber Optics based sensing, for its applicability under harsh environments. The required SHM system is realized with the cross-correlation of a fully diffused noise field, sensed using the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors at two random locations. With no control on the input received as noise, to this end, a method is developed based on a Deep Learning framework, which is aimed towards a Universal Deployment of the passive SHM system. The methodology is designed to perform the health monitoring of the system, independent of the input perturbations. The validation performed on simulation data has demonstrated the feasibility of the developed technique towards the required kind of passive SHM system.

Durability of Embedded PZTs in Structural Health Monitoring Systems under Cyclic Loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Yoo ◽  
Akbar Afaghi Khatibi ◽  
Everson Kandare
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Service Conditions

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are developed to decrease the maintenance cost and increase the life of engineering structures by fundamentally changing the way structural inspections are performed. However, this important objective can only be achieved through the consistent and predictable performance of a SHM system under different service conditions. The capability of a Piezoelectric lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-based SHM system in detecting structural flaws strongly depends on the sensor signals as well as actuator performance. But service conditions can change the behaviour of transducers, raising questions about long term SHM system capability. Although having a clear understanding of the reliable sensor life is important for surface mounted systems, however, this is particularly critical for embedded sensors. This is due to the fact that opportunity for replacement of sensors exists for surface bonded transducers while for the embedded systems, sensor replacement is not straightforward. Therefore, knowledge of the long term behaviour of embedded-SHM systems is critical for their implementation. This paper reports a study on the degradation of embedded PZT transducers under cyclic loadings. Carbon/epoxy laminates with an embedded PZT were subjected to fatigue loading and their performance was monitored using Scanning Laser Vibrometery (SLV). The functionality of PZT transducers under sensing and actuating modes were studied. High and low cycle fatigue tests were performed to establish strain-voltage relationships which can be used to identify critical cyclic loading parameters (number of cycles and R value) under sensing and actuating modes.

scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring and Interface Damage Detection for Infill Reinforced Concrete Walls in Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Piezoceramic-Based Transducers Under the Cyclic Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-I Liao ◽  
Fu-Pei Hsiao ◽  
Chien-Kuo Chiu ◽  
Chin-En Ho
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Interface Failure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Interface Damage

In this work, the piezoceramic-based transducers are used to perform the structural health monitoring (SHM) and interface damage detecting of non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted by post-installed RC walls. In order to develop the post-embedded piezoceramic-based transducers that can be used to identify interface failure or cracks between two structural members in retrofit construction, this work adopts the cyclic loading to test two specimens with post-embedded piezoceramic-based transducers (PPT). Since the failure of an interface between the post-installed wall and beam occurs, one of the specimens has damage in the foundation and existing boundary column and the other has damage in the top ends of column and wall. During the cyclic loading test, one transducer was used as an actuator to generate the stress waves and the other transducers were used as the sensors to detect the waves. In damaged specimens, the existence and locations of cracks and the interface damage can be detected by analyzing the wave response. Moreover, the severity of damage to the specimens can also be estimated. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the piezoceramic-based approach in the SHM and locating damage in shear-critical RC structural members under the seismic loading.

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