Multi-view foreground segmentation based on spatial consistency constraints

AbstractStudying large-scale collaborative systems engineering projects across teams with differing intellectual property clearances, or healthcare solutions where sensitive patient data needs to be partially shared, or similar multi-user information systems over databases, all boils down to a common mathematical framework. Updateable views (lenses) and more generally bidirectional transformations are abstractions to study the challenge of exchanging information between participants with different read access privileges. The view provided to each participant must be different due to access control or other limitations, yet also consistent in a certain sense, to enable collaboration towards common goals. A collaboration system must apply bidirectional synchronization to ensure that after a participant modifies their view, the views of other participants are updated so that they are consistent again. While bidirectional transformations (synchronizations) have been extensively studied, there are new challenges that are unique to the multidirectional case. If complex consistency constraints have to be maintained, synchronizations that work fine in isolation may not compose well. We demonstrate and characterize a failure mode of the emergent behaviour, where a consistency restoration mechanism undoes the work of other participants. On the other end of the spectrum, we study the case where synchronizations work especially well together: we characterize very well-behaved multidirectional transformations, a non-trivial generalization from the bidirectional case. For the former challenge, we introduce a novel concept of controllability, while for the latter one, we propose a novel formal notion of faithful decomposition. Additionally, the paper proposes several novel properties of multidirectional transformations.

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Performance Evaluation of B5G Moving Networks with Spatial Consistency and Random Blockages

2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) ◽

10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417448 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vikalp Mandawaria ◽

Chitradeep Majumdar ◽

Anup Chaudhari ◽

Neha Sharma ◽

Anshuman Nigam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Spatial Consistency ◽

Moving Networks

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Formative and Summative Validation of Building Information Model-Based Cadastral Data

Land ◽

10.3390/land10080822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

Ali Asghari ◽

Mohsen Kalantari ◽

Abbas Rajabifard

Keyword(s):

Integrated Management ◽

Summative Assessment ◽

3D Models ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Data Validation ◽

Data Generation ◽

Study Approach ◽

Spatial Consistency ◽

Information Models ◽

Building Information

Among 3D models, Building Information Models (BIM) can potentially support the integrated management of buildings’ physical and legal aspects in cadastres. However, there is not a systematic approach to author the cadastral information into the BIM models. Moreover, the common approaches for data validation only check the final cadastral output, and they ignore the data generation steps as potential avenues for validation. Therefore, this study aims to develop the criteria and standards to check the spatial consistency and integrity of BIM-based cadastral data in the process of generating the data. The paper utilises a case study approach as its methodology to investigate the requirements of generating a BIM-based cadastral model and identify the issues within the process. The results include a formative assessment (i.e., multistep validation approach during the data generation) alongside a summative assessment (i.e., one-step validation approach at the end of data generation). This study found the summative assessment alone insufficient for 3D cadastral data validation. The paper concludes that a formative and summative assessment together can improve the validity of the data. The results will potentially bring more efficiency to modern land administration processes by avoiding the accumulation of errors in 3D cadastral data generation.

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Understanding the Relationship between Situational Strength and Burnout: A Multi-Sample Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

José García-Arroyo ◽

Isabel Cárdenas Moncayo ◽

Antonio Ramón Gómez García ◽

Amparo Osca Segovia

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Situational Strength ◽

Three Samples ◽

Consistency Constraints ◽

Organisational Behaviour ◽

Office Employees ◽

The Relationship ◽

Strong Situation ◽

Practical Implications

Many studies have examined the effect of situational strength (clarity, consistency, constraints, and consequences) on organisational behaviour, but little has been investigated about its health effects. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between situational strength and burnout. Specifically, we examined whether situational strength characteristics may be associated with burnout, whether these characteristics are risk (or protective) factors for burnout, and whether a strong situation is related to higher levels of burnout. Examining three samples from different occupations, it was found that clarity and consistency are negatively associated with burnout, being protective factors, while constraints are positively associated with burnout, being risk factors. These results are consistent across the samples. In addition to the direct effects, interaction effects between clarity and consistency in the office employee’s sample (two-way interaction), between constraints and consequences in the samples of office employees and teachers (two-way interaction), and among clarity, consistency, and constraints in the salespeople’s sample (three-way interaction) were also significant, explaining from 20% to 33% of the variance of burnout. We concluded that situational strength is associated not only with behaviour but also with health. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Reasoning over temporal knowledge graph with temporal consistency constraints

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-210064 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaojun Chen ◽

Shengbin Jia ◽

Ling Ding ◽

Yang Xiang

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Knowledge Graph ◽

Temporal Consistency ◽

Short Term ◽

Basic Model ◽

Consistency Constraints ◽

Memory Network ◽

Long Short Term Memory ◽

Relation Prediction ◽

Time Information

Knowledge graph reasoning or completion aims at inferring missing facts by reasoning about the information already present in the knowledge graph. In this work, we explore the problem of temporal knowledge graph reasoning that performs inference on the graph over time. Most existing reasoning models ignore the time information when learning entities and relations representations. For example, the fact (Scarlett Johansson, spouse Of, Ryan Reynolds) was true only during 2008 - 2011. To facilitate temporal reasoning, we present TA-TransRILP, which involves temporal information by utilizing RNNs and takes advantage of Integer Linear Programming. Specifically, we utilize a character-level long short-term memory network to encode relations with sequences of temporal tokens, and combine it with common reasoning model. To achieve more accurate reasoning, we further deploy temporal consistency constraints to basic model, which can help in assessing the validity of a fact better. We conduct entity prediction and relation prediction on YAGO11k and Wikidata12k datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that TA-TransRILP can make more accurate predictions by taking time information and temporal consistency constraints into account, and outperforms existing methods with a significant improvement about 6-8% on Hits@10.

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