Polycapillaries and x-ray lens performances in order to improve conventional radiography experiments

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Berlu ◽  
Steven Lemoing ◽  
Pierre Chevallier ◽  
Jean-Yves Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
X Ray

Computerized Tomography: A Perspective in the Pediatric Patient

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Derek Harwood-Nash ◽  
Herman Grossman ◽  
Alvin Felman ◽  
John Kirkpatrick ◽  
Leonard Swischuk
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Central Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Body Ct

Computerized tomography (CT), a technique conceptualized by Oldendorf in 19611 and developed by Hounsfield2 of EMI-Tronics Inc. (EMI) Central Research Laboratories, has proven to be a successful innovation in neuroradiology. Reviews by Ambrose3 in England and by Baker et al.4 and by New et al.5 in the United States have clearly demonstrated the value of this new modality in neuroradiological diagnosis. In 1975 Houser et al.6 and Harwood-Nash et al.7 provided the initial clinical and radiological data about CT in infants and children. More recently this technique has been extended to the study of tissues and organs in the body other than those in the head. This has been accomplished by modification of the original machine into a whole-body CT system. Early reviews by Ledley et al.8 and by Alfidi et al.9 suggest a significant potential for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax. The advantages of CT are that it is less invasive than standard special diagnostic radiological procedures and that for the first time it provides in vivo information regarding the content and the characteristics of tissue composing organs and masses. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT In conventional radiography an image is made on radiographic film by an attenuated X-ray beam. In passing through a core of tissue, each ray of the beam is attenuated as it is absorbed and scattered by the tissue in its path. The intensity of the transmitted ray depends on the sum total of X-ray attenuation by all the different soft tissues in its path.

scholarly journals MAINTAINING IMMOBILISATION DEVICES ON TRAUMA PATIENTS DURING CHEST AND PELVIC X-RAY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Johan Stokkeland
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Resuscitation ◽  
Vacuum Mattress

Abstract BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of different vacuum mattresses on standard resuscitation bay conventional radiography of chest and pelvis, especially regarding artefacts. METHODS We used a mobile X-ray machine to perform chest and pelvic conventional radiography on an anthropomorphic whole body phantom with a trauma transfer board, three different vacuum mattresses and without any stabilization device. The vacuum mattresses were investigated in activated, deactivated and stretched after deactivated states. Two radiologists assessed the artefacts independently. Agreement was measured using kappa coefficient. RESULTS All radiographs were of good technical quality and fully diagnostic. With the exception of one disagreed occurrence, artefacts were seen to hamper clinical judgement exclusively with activated vacuum mattresses. There was substantial agreement between the two radiologists on artefact assessment. The observed agreement was 0,82 with a kappa coefficient of 0,71. The first vacuum mattress caused no artefacts hampering with clinical judgment. CONCLUSION Our study concludes that it is feasible to maintain some vacuum mattresses through resuscitation bay conventional radiography of chest and pelvis. They do not result in artefacts hampering with clinical judgment. Our vacuum mattress nr 1 is recommendable for this purpose. Together with our previous findings our present results indicate that some vacuum mattresses may be used throughout the initial resuscitation bay assessment and CT examination.

Studying the dose level for different X-ray energy conventional radiography by TLD-100

2021 ◽  
pp. 110066
Author(s):  
Sanaa M. Ghoneam ◽  
K.R. Mahmoud ◽  
H.M. Diab ◽  
Ahmed El-Sersy
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
X Ray

Digital chest radiography with a large-area flat-panel silicon X-ray detector: clinical comparison with conventional radiography

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja P. Hennigs ◽  
Marietta Garmer ◽  
Horst J. Jaeger ◽  
Reinhard Classen ◽  
Andreas Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Comparison ◽  
Digital Chest

scholarly journals Morphological and radiological study of lymph nodes in dromedaries in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
D. E. Rahmoun ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
M. A. Fares
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The One

Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.

High-Resolution Radiography for Detecting and Measuring Micron-Scale Features

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Morse ◽  
Arlyn J. Antolak ◽  
Bernice E. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projection Radiography

X-ray radiography has long been recognized as a valuable tool for detecting internal features and flaws. Recent developments in microfabrication and composite materials have extended inspection requirements to the resolution limits of conventional radiography. Our work has been directed toward pushing both detection and measurement capabilities to a smaller scale. Until recently, we have used conventional contact radiography, optimized to resolve small features. With the recent purchase of a nano-focus (sub-micron) x-ray source, we are now investigating projection radiography, phase contrast imaging and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Projection radiography produces a magnified image that is limited in spatial resolution mainly by the source size, not by film grain size or detector pixel size. Under certain conditions phase contrast can increase the ability to resolve small features such as cracks, especially in materials with low absorption contrast. Micro-computed tomography can provide three-dimensional measurements on a micron scale and has been shown to provide better sensitivity than simple radiographs. We have included applications of these techniques to small-scale measurements not easily made by mechanical or optical means. Examples include void detection in meso-scale nickel MEMS parts, measurement of edge profiles in thick gold lithography masks, and characterization of the distribution of phases in composite materials. Our work, so far, has been limited to film.

Decisive Diagnosis of Seronegative Polyarthritis by 3-phase Bone Scintigraphy

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (07) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wagner ◽  
P. Knoll ◽  
A. Dunky ◽  
H. Röhn ◽  
S. Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Disease ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Seronegative Polyarthritis ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryInflammatory joint disease is mainly diagnosed on grounds of clinical investigation, laboratory testing (acute phase reactants), and radiography. Radionuclide imaging has recently been added to the armamentarium of clinician. This case report points out the role of three-phase bone scan and HIG (human immunoglobulin) scan in the discovery of the inflammatory nature of polyarthralgia in a young woman with equivocal clinical and laboratory results. In the aim of diagnosing arthritis early in its course scintigraphy proved to be superior to conventional radiography. It also allows more discriminating selection of subsequent X-ray examination to limit radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Twin robotic x-ray system in small bone and joint trauma: impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Grunz ◽  
Lenhard Pennig ◽  
Tabea Fieber ◽  
Carsten Herbert Gietzen ◽  
Julius Frederik Heidenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Joint Trauma ◽  
Small Bone

Abstract Objectives Trauma evaluation of extremities can be challenging in conventional radiography. A multi-use x-ray system with cone-beam CT (CBCT) option facilitates ancillary 3-D imaging without repositioning. We assessed the clinical value of CBCT scans by analyzing the influence of additional findings on therapy. Methods Ninety-two patients underwent radiography and subsequent CBCT imaging with the twin robotic scanner (76 wrist/hand/finger and 16 ankle/foot/toe trauma scans). Reports by on-call radiologists before and after CBCT were compared regarding fracture detection, joint affliction, comminuted injuries, and diagnostic confidence. An orthopedic surgeon recommended therapy based on reported findings. Surgical reports (N = 52) and clinical follow-up (N = 85) were used as reference standard. Results CBCT detected more fractures (83/64 of 85), joint involvements (69/53 of 71), and multi-fragment situations (68/50 of 70) than radiography (all p < 0.001). Six fractures suspected in radiographs were ruled out by CBCT. Treatment changes based on additional information from CBCT were recommended in 29 patients (31.5%). While agreement between advised therapy before CBCT and actual treatment was moderate (κ = 0.41 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.47]; p < 0.001), agreement after CBCT was almost perfect (κ = 0.88 [0.83–0.93]; p < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence increased considerably for CBCT studies (p < 0.001). Median effective dose for CBCT was 4.3 μSv [3.3–5.3 μSv] compared to 0.2 μSv [0.1–0.2 μSv] for radiography. Conclusions CBCT provides advantages for the evaluation of acute small bone and joint trauma by detecting and excluding extremity fractures and fracture-related findings more reliably than radiographs. Additional findings induced therapy change in one third of patients, suggesting substantial clinical impact. Key Points • With cone-beam CT, extremity fractures and fracture-related findings can be detected and ruled out more reliably than with conventional radiography. • Additional diagnostic information provided by cone-beam CT scans has substantial impact on therapy in small bone and joint trauma. • For distal extremity injury assessment, one-stop-shop imaging without repositioning is feasible with the twin robotic x-ray system.

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