Studying the dose level for different X-ray energy conventional radiography by TLD-100

2021 ◽  
pp. 110066
Author(s):  
Sanaa M. Ghoneam ◽  
K.R. Mahmoud ◽  
H.M. Diab ◽  
Ahmed El-Sersy
PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Derek Harwood-Nash ◽  
Herman Grossman ◽  
Alvin Felman ◽  
John Kirkpatrick ◽  
Leonard Swischuk

Computerized tomography (CT), a technique conceptualized by Oldendorf in 19611 and developed by Hounsfield2 of EMI-Tronics Inc. (EMI) Central Research Laboratories, has proven to be a successful innovation in neuroradiology. Reviews by Ambrose3 in England and by Baker et al.4 and by New et al.5 in the United States have clearly demonstrated the value of this new modality in neuroradiological diagnosis. In 1975 Houser et al.6 and Harwood-Nash et al.7 provided the initial clinical and radiological data about CT in infants and children. More recently this technique has been extended to the study of tissues and organs in the body other than those in the head. This has been accomplished by modification of the original machine into a whole-body CT system. Early reviews by Ledley et al.8 and by Alfidi et al.9 suggest a significant potential for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax. The advantages of CT are that it is less invasive than standard special diagnostic radiological procedures and that for the first time it provides in vivo information regarding the content and the characteristics of tissue composing organs and masses. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT In conventional radiography an image is made on radiographic film by an attenuated X-ray beam. In passing through a core of tissue, each ray of the beam is attenuated as it is absorbed and scattered by the tissue in its path. The intensity of the transmitted ray depends on the sum total of X-ray attenuation by all the different soft tissues in its path.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Johan Stokkeland

Abstract BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of different vacuum mattresses on standard resuscitation bay conventional radiography of chest and pelvis, especially regarding artefacts. METHODS We used a mobile X-ray machine to perform chest and pelvic conventional radiography on an anthropomorphic whole body phantom with a trauma transfer board, three different vacuum mattresses and without any stabilization device. The vacuum mattresses were investigated in activated, deactivated and stretched after deactivated states. Two radiologists assessed the artefacts independently. Agreement was measured using kappa coefficient. RESULTS All radiographs were of good technical quality and fully diagnostic. With the exception of one disagreed occurrence, artefacts were seen to hamper clinical judgement exclusively with activated vacuum mattresses. There was substantial agreement between the two radiologists on artefact assessment. The observed agreement was 0,82 with a kappa coefficient of 0,71. The first vacuum mattress caused no artefacts hampering with clinical judgment. CONCLUSION Our study concludes that it is feasible to maintain some vacuum mattresses through resuscitation bay conventional radiography of chest and pelvis. They do not result in artefacts hampering with clinical judgment. Our vacuum mattress nr 1 is recommendable for this purpose. Together with our previous findings our present results indicate that some vacuum mattresses may be used throughout the initial resuscitation bay assessment and CT examination.


Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. E. THOMSON ◽  
S. M. MICHAELSON ◽  
J. W. HOWLAND

Abstract Simultaneous microwave and x-irradiation at a sublethal x-ray dose level modify the hematologic response to x-irradiation. Earlier neutrophil recovery and delayed lymphocyte and hematocrit recovery resulted following simultaneous microwave and x-ray exposure.


2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja P. Hennigs ◽  
Marietta Garmer ◽  
Horst J. Jaeger ◽  
Reinhard Classen ◽  
Andreas Jacobs ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. Attia ◽  
Mohamed N. Aboul-Enein ◽  
Aida A. El-Azzouny ◽  
Yousreya A. Maklad ◽  
Hazem A. Ghabbour

Anticonvulsant potential and neurotoxicity of certain new imidazole-containing arylsemicarbazones6a–pare reported. The test compounds6a–pexhibited anticonvulsant activity mainly in the scPTZ screen. Compound6pemerged as the most active surrogate displaying 100% protection at a dose level of 636 μmol/kg in the scPTZ screen without any neurotoxicity. The assigned (E)-configuration of the title compounds6a–pwas confirmedviasingle crystal X-ray structure of compound6g.


1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Berlu ◽  
Steven Lemoing ◽  
Pierre Chevallier ◽  
Jean-Yves Boutin

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
D. E. Rahmoun ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
M. A. Fares

Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.


Author(s):  
Daniel H. Morse ◽  
Arlyn J. Antolak ◽  
Bernice E. Mills

X-ray radiography has long been recognized as a valuable tool for detecting internal features and flaws. Recent developments in microfabrication and composite materials have extended inspection requirements to the resolution limits of conventional radiography. Our work has been directed toward pushing both detection and measurement capabilities to a smaller scale. Until recently, we have used conventional contact radiography, optimized to resolve small features. With the recent purchase of a nano-focus (sub-micron) x-ray source, we are now investigating projection radiography, phase contrast imaging and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Projection radiography produces a magnified image that is limited in spatial resolution mainly by the source size, not by film grain size or detector pixel size. Under certain conditions phase contrast can increase the ability to resolve small features such as cracks, especially in materials with low absorption contrast. Micro-computed tomography can provide three-dimensional measurements on a micron scale and has been shown to provide better sensitivity than simple radiographs. We have included applications of these techniques to small-scale measurements not easily made by mechanical or optical means. Examples include void detection in meso-scale nickel MEMS parts, measurement of edge profiles in thick gold lithography masks, and characterization of the distribution of phases in composite materials. Our work, so far, has been limited to film.


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