A paradigm shift to enable more cost-effective space science telescope missions in the upcoming decades

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Matthews ◽  
Keith Havey, Jr. ◽  
Robert Egerman
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Space Science

Doing More With Less: Pragmatic Implementation of Vancomycin Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) Monitoring

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110272
Author(s):  
Joanne Huang ◽  
Jeannie D. Chan ◽  
Thu Nguyen ◽  
Rupali Jain ◽  
Zahra Kassamali Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quality Improvement Process

Universal area-under-the-curve (AUC) guided vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is resource-intensive, cost-prohibitive, and presents a paradigm shift that leaves institutions with the quandary of defining the preferred and most practical method for TDM. We report a step-by-step quality improvement process using 4 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles to provide a framework for development of a hybrid model of trough and AUC-based vancomycin monitoring. We found trough-based monitoring a pragmatic strategy as a first-tier approach when anticipated use is short-term. AUC-guided monitoring was most impactful and cost-effective when reserved for patients with high-risk for nephrotoxicity. We encourage others to consider quality improvement tools to locally adopt AUC-based monitoring.

scholarly journals Efficient phasing and imputation of low-coverage sequencing data using large reference panels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rubinacci ◽  
D.M. Ribeiro ◽  
R. Hofmeister ◽  
O. Delaneau
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Snp Arrays ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Low Coverage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLow-coverage whole genome sequencing followed by imputation has been proposed as a cost-effective genotyping approach for disease and population genetics studies. However, its competitiveness against SNP arrays is undermined as current imputation methods are computationally expensive and unable to leverage large reference panels.Here, we describe a method, GLIMPSE, for phasing and imputation of low-coverage sequencing datasets from modern reference panels. We demonstrate its remarkable performance across different coverages and human populations. It achieves imputation of a full genome for less than $1, outperforming existing methods by orders of magnitude, with an increased accuracy of more than 20% at rare variants. We also show that 1x coverage enables effective association studies and is better suited than dense SNP arrays to access the impact of rare variations. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising potential of low-coverage imputation and suggests a paradigm shift in the design of future genomic studies.

A Paradigm Shift in Providing Care for the HIV/AIDS Patient

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Peter Tsasis ◽  
Christos Tsoukas
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Service Delivery System ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Cost Efficient

The authors report on a detailed cost study of HIV-infected patients receiving treatment at the McGill medical facilities. The results indicated that a home care setting is a cost-efficient site in which to care for an AIDS patient, with care provided in other settings when required. As the number of people with AIDS increases, efforts are needed to develop alternative care services for those infected with the virus. What is required would seem to be a service delivery system which would ensure cost-effective continuity of care across a continuum of services geared to varying levels of independence and illness severity.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8649
Author(s):  
Lenka Koklesova ◽  
Alena Liskova ◽  
Marek Samec ◽  
Kevin Zhai ◽  
Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Patient Stratification ◽  
Preventive And Personalized Medicine ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Clinical Research Data

Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.

scholarly journals Can a Paradigm Shift from Risk Management to Critical Reflection Improve Child-Inclusive Practice?

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Christine Morley ◽  
Joanne Clarke ◽  
Chez Leggatt-Cook ◽  
Donna Shkalla
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
Inclusive Practice ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Government Organisation ◽  
Children’S Voices

Child protection systems within Anglophone countries have been increasingly dominated by neoliberal managerial, risk-dominant paradigms over the past three decades. Assumed to deliver a cost-effective strategy to increase the safety of children, there are many ways this paradigmatic combination systematically undermines child welfare, participation, and well-being. This paper specifically focuses on the ways that risk assessment, neoliberal, and managerial discourses have infiltrated practice and operate to silence and exclude children’s voices. It draws on two case studies to showcase key findings of a comprehensive, state-wide research project called Empowering Children’s Voices, which was initiated by UnitingCare, a non-government organisation within Queensland, Australia, and conducted in partnership with researchers from Queensland University of Technology. It will be argued that a paradigm shift towards a critically reflective reinterpretation of risk can be far more effective at promoting child-inclusive practice and establishing children’s empowered voices as a protective factor against harm.

scholarly journals More Than Smart Pavements: Connected Infrastructure Paves the Way for Enhanced Winter Safety and Mobility on Highways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration ◽  
Snowy Winter ◽  
Temporal Coverage

Abstract Currently, there is an urgent demand for more cost-effective, resource-efficient and reliable solutions to address safety and mobility challenges on highways enduring snowy winter weather. To address this pressing issue, this commentary proposes that the physical and digital infrastructures should be upgraded to take advantage of emerging technologies and facilitate the vehicle-infrastructure integration (VII), to better inform decision-makers at various levels. Driven by the paradigm shift towards more automation and more intelligent transportation, it is time to reimagine the vehicle-infrastructure ecosystem with the cold-climate issues in mind, and to enhance communications and coordination among various highway users and stakeholders. This commentary envisages the deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies to bring about transformative changes and substantial benefits in terms of enhanced winter safety and mobility on highways. At the center of the commentary is a conceptualized design of next-generation highways in cold climates, including the existing infrastructure entities that are appropriate for possible upgrade to connected infrastructure (CI) applications, to leverage the immensely expanded data availability fueled by better spatial and temporal coverage. The commentary also advances the idea that CI solutions can augment the sensing capabilities and confidence level of connected or autonomous vehicles. The application scenarios of VII system is then briefly explored, followed by some discussion of the paradigm shift towards V2X applications and a look to the future including some identified research needs in the arena of CI. This work aims to inspire dialogues and synergistic collaborations among various stakeholders of the VII revolution, because the specific challenges call for systematic, holistic, and multidisciplinary approaches accompanied by concerted efforts in the research, development, pilot testing, and deployment of CI technologies.

scholarly journals Parrot: A Progressive Analysis System on Large Text Collections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhong Zhang ◽  
Hanbing Zhang ◽  
Zhenying He ◽  
Yinan Jing ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Execution Engine ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Text Collections ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Frequency Calculation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Effective Analysis

Abstract The size of textual data continues to grow along with the need for timely and cost-effective analysis, while the growth of computation power cannot keep up with the growth of data. The delays when processing huge textual data can negatively impact user activity and insight. This calls for a paradigm shift from blocking fashion to progressive processing. In this paper, we propose a sample-based progressive processing model that focuses on term frequency calculation on text. The model is based on an incremental execution engine and will calculate a series of approximate results for a single query in a progressive way to provide a smooth trade-off between accuracy and latency. As a part, we proposed a new variant of the bootstrap technique to quantify result error progressively. We implemented this method in our system called Parrot on top of Apache Spark and used real-world data to test its performance. Experiments demonstrate that our method is 2.4×–19.7× faster to get a result within 1% error while the confidence interval always covers the accurate results very well.

Advances in Liquid Encapsulated Chip-on-Board / MCM-L Technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Robinson ◽  
David B. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Multichip Module ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reliability Performance

ABSTRACTChip-on-Board technology (COB), or the currently more often used MCM-L acronym (MultiChip Module - Laminate), has long been touted as the low cost, high density electronics packaging choice of the future. Unfortunately, poor reliability performance in comparison to traditional plastic packaging, has been a trademark of COB/MCM-L. Recent advances in processes and materials for COB/MCM-L are providing a paradigm shift in reliability, and providing cost effective high reliability packaging solutions for COB/MCM-L. This paper examines the history of recent advances in liquid encapsulated COB/MCM-L and provides guidelines for selecting appropriate materials and processes for their successful implementation into cost effective manufacturing.

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