Use of scale model to design vehicle pass‐by noise test facility enclosure

This paper presents technical details for a unique newly constructed model testing facility for offshore renewable energy devices and other structures established through federal and state funding. The University of Maine (UMaine) has been an active contributor to research in the field of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) design and scale-model testing for the past 6 years. Due to a lack of appropriate test facilities in the United States, UMaine has led multiple 1:50 scale-model tests of FOWT platforms internationally, leading to the motivation to design and build a state-of-the-art test facility at UMaine which includes high-quality wind generation with waves and towing capabilities. In November of 2015, UMaine opened the Alfond Wind/Wave Ocean Engineering Laboratory (W2) at the Advanced Structures and Composites Center. This facility, shown in Figure 1, contains a 30m long x 9m wide x 0-4.5m variable floor depth test basin with a 16-paddle wave maker at one end and a parabolic wave attenuating beach at the other. This basin is unique in that it integrates a rotatable open-jet wind tunnel over the basin that is capable of simulating high-quality wind fields in excess of 10 m/s over a large test area. Since opening, the W2 has provided testing for various scale-model FOWT designs, oil and gas vessels such as a scale-model floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel, and a large number of wave energy conversion (WEC) devices in support of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Wave Energy Prize. In addition to scalemodel testing, the W2 facility supports a wide range of model construction equipment including a 2.0m x 4.0m x 0.1m tall 3D CNC waterjet, a 3m long x 1.5m wide x 1.4m tall 5-axis CNC router, and an additive manufacturing facility housing a 0.6m x 0.6m x 0.9m 3D printer. To expand the capability of W2, a towing system is currently being designed to operate in conjunction with the multi-directional wave maker, which is shown in Figure 5. This equipment will provide bi-directional towing for a variety of applications. In addition to standard resistance testing, the broad aspect ratio of the basin provides reduced blockage effects while the multi-directional wave maker allows for tow testing a large number of wave environments and headings. The moving floor enables intermediate to shallow water tow tank tests, which are important for capturing the wave kinematics applicable to coastal environments, while the relatively deep water depths support testing of large structures such as tidal turbines and tow-out operations for THE 30th AMERICAN TOWING TANK CONFERENCE WEST BETHESDA, MARYLAND, OCTOBER 2017 2 large offshore structures such as wind and wave floating energy platforms. To test the capabilities of this system, UMaine is constructing a 1:50-scale model of the David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) 5415 to perform commissioning tests. The towing system is planned to be operational in 2018.

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Model Tests on a Spar in Level Ice and Ice Ridge Conditions

Volume 5: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; CFD and VIV ◽

10.1115/omae2009-79733 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John Murray ◽

Stephane LeGuennec ◽

Don Spencer ◽

Chang K. Yang ◽

Wooseuk Yang

Keyword(s):

Full Scale ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Mooring System ◽

Scaling Effects ◽

Line System ◽

Restoring Forces ◽

Ice Conditions ◽

Ice Loads ◽

Level Ice

1:30 and 1:50 model-scale ice tests of an ice-resistant Spar design were carried out to determine the loads on the Spar in level ice and ice ridges. Due to limitations in the depth of the ice test facility, the hull draft and mooring system were truncated. The 1:30 scale model was towed through the ice on a fixed and compliant dynamometer. The stiffness characteristics of the compliant dynamometer matched the horizontal stiffness of the full-scale mooring system. The purpose of these tests was to compare the mooring and ice loads measured in fixed and compliant conditions. The 1:50 scale model was truncated by 70 m. Its mooring system was modeled using a four-line system designed to give the same global restoring forces as the full-scale mooring system. The model was fitted with vertical plates on the exterior of the hull to compensate for loss of added mass and added moment of inertia. A limited number of tests were carried out at the two model scales in the same ice conditions to investigate scaling effects. The mooring and ice loads measured in the fixed and compliant conditions were found to be similar, indicating that loads estimated, assuming the structure is fixed, provide good estimates. Good agreement between the two models was also found for the tests carried out in the same ice conditions, suggesting that the scaling effects may be negligible.

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Physical Model Testing of the TetraSpar Demo Floating Wind Turbine Prototype

ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/iowtc2019-7561 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Borg ◽

Anthony Viselli ◽

Christopher K. Allen ◽

Matthew Fowler ◽

Christoffer Sigshøj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Model Testing ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽

Ocean Engineering ◽

Floating Wind Turbine ◽

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Abstract As part of the process of deploying new floating offshore wind turbines, scale model testing is carried out to de-risk and verify the design of novel foundation concepts. This paper describes the testing of a 1:43 Froude-scaled model of the TetraSpar Demo floating wind turbine prototype that shall be installed at the Metcentre test facility, Norway. The TetraSpar floating foundation concept consists of a floater tetrahedral structure comprising of braces connected together through pinned connections, and a triangular keel structure suspended below the floater by six suspension lines. A description of the experimental setup and program at the Alfond W2 Ocean Engineering Lab at University of Maine is given. The objective of the test campaign was to validate the initial design, and contribute to the development of the final demonstrator design and numerical models. The nonlinear hydrodynamic characteristics of the design are illustrated experimentally and the keel suspension system is shown to satisfy design criteria.

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Engine Exhaust Noise Test Facility

10.4271/730427 ◽

1973 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth C. Kirkland

Keyword(s):

Test Facility ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Exhaust Noise ◽

Noise Test

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Development of 60Hz Titanium 48-Inch Last Stage Blade for Steam Turbine

ASME 2011 Power Conference, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/power2011-55465 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoriharu Murata ◽

Naoki Shibukawa ◽

Itaru Murakami ◽

Joji Kaneko ◽

Kenichi Okuno

Keyword(s):

Steam Turbine ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Recent Analysis ◽

Last Stage ◽

Actual Size

The titanium 48-inch last stage blade that has world’s largest class exhaust annulus area and tip speed for 60Hz steam turbines has been developed. Concept of this blade is to achieve high performance and compact design of steam turbine for 1000MW thermal power plant and 300MW combined cycle plant. In the design of this blade, the optimization design has been done by using the recent analysis technologies, three dimensional CFD in aerodynamic design and FEA in mechanical design. The blade has curved axial fir-tree dovetail, snubber cover both at the tip and at the mid-span. To achieve superior vibration characteristics, continuously coupled structure was adopted for blade connection. To confirm the validity of design, first, sub-scale model blades were provided and tested in model steam turbine test facilities. Second, one row of actual size blades were assembled on the wheel of test rotor and were exposed rotating vibration test in a wheel box. Finally, these blades were tested at actual steam conditions in a full scale steam turbine test facility. In this paper, aerodynamic and mechanical design features will be introduced, and the test results of both sub-scale and actual size blades under real steam turbine operating conditions will be presented.

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Behavior of Full-Scale Model Cask Under 9m Drop Test and Simulation

Volume 1: Plant Operations, Maintenance and Life Cycle; Component Reliability and Materials Issues; Codes, Standards, Licensing and Regulatory Issues; Fuel Cycle and High Level Waste Management ◽

10.1115/icone14-89334 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Kiminobu Hojo ◽

Tadashi Kimura ◽

Akio Kitada ◽

Hiroshi Tamaki ◽

Junich Kishimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Dynamic Response ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Full Scale ◽

Drop Test ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Spent Fuel ◽

Federal Institute

The nuclear spent fuel transport and storage cask is used for transport of the spent fuel from a nuclear power station to an intermediate storage facility. Leak tightness and subcriticality on transportation required from IAEA TS-R1 [1] have to be assured by a 9m drop test and its numerical simulation. This paper describes the drop test using a full-scale prototype test cask. The test was conducted by German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) at their test facility in Horstwalde, Germany and comparison of the test result with the “MH1 (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)” numerical simulation using LS-DYNA code. The drop orientations of the tests were slap down and vertical. From the drop test the following is demonstrated: • The leak rate of He gas after the drop tests satisfied the IAEA’s criteria. • The numerical simulation which modeled the cask body enabled dynamic response such as acceleration and strain of the cask body. This means the simulation method qualified the relation of dynamic response of the cask body and leakage behavior.

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Experiments and Simulations on the Steady-State and Transient Behavior of Gas/Liquid Interfaces in Impulse Pipes for Hydrostatic Level Measurements

Volume 5: Fusion Engineering; Student Paper Competition; Design Basis and Beyond Design Basis Events; Simple and Combined Cycles ◽

10.1115/icone20-power2012-54592 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Stephan Schulz ◽

Rainer Hampel

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Transient Behavior ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Reference Level ◽

Liquid Interfaces ◽

Phase Boundaries ◽

Liquid Mass ◽

Hydrostatic Level ◽

The Impact

For Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) and steam generators, the water level is a safety-relevant process variable. The most commonly applied measuring method is based on the calculation of the liquid level from geodetic pressure differences to a reference column of defined height and density. However, transition processes occurring under operational and accident conditions may lead to dynamic changes in the reference level and therefore to fluctuations in the differential pressure signal. This paper presents experiments and numerical simulations on the steady-state and transient behavior of gas/liquid phase boundaries in “Zero Chamber Level Vessels” (ZCLV). In these slightly inclined miniature tubes, the constant reference level is provided by surface tension forces and the capillary effect, respectively. To investigate the basic topology of gas/liquid interfaces under simplified conditions (environmental parameters, no heat transfer), a test facility with optical access was developed. The construction allows for variations of the inner tube diameter, inclination angle and liquid mass flow rate, respectively. By this means, experiments on phase boundaries were carried out for ethanol/air and water/air. The results provide information about the impact of geometry parameters and their interactions on the interface topology. In addition, the dynamic draining of excess liquid mass at the free end of the tube and at artificial weld seams, which is supposed to be the reason for temperature fluctuations observed in ZCLV during power operation of BWR, was experimentally analyzed. The measurements represent the basis for an experimental validation and optimizations of the numerical flow code ANSYS CFX 12.0. In the next step, water/vapor phase boundaries at 286 °C and 70 bar will be investigated by applying x-ray radiography to a scale model. The results will be discussed in context with the hydrostatic level measurement in BWR.

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Measurement of a Recirculating, Two-Dimensional, Turbulent Flow and Comparison to Turbulence Model Predictions. I: Steady State Case

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3241026 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 439-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. R. Boyle ◽

M. W. Golay

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Turbulent Flow ◽

Turbulence Model ◽

Turbulence Models ◽

Scale Model ◽

Test Facility ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Flow Area ◽

Flow Measurements

Turbulent flow measurements have been performed in a two-dimensional flow cell which is a 1/15-scale model of the Fast Flux Test Facility nuclear reactor outlet plenum. In a steady water flow, maps of the mean velocity field, turbulence kinetic energy, and Reynolds stress have been obtained using a laser doppler anemometer. The measurements are compared to numerical simulations using both the K–ε and K–σ two-equation turbulence models. A relationship between K–σ and K–ε turbulence models is derived, and the two models are found to be nearly equivalent. The steady-state mean velocity data are predicted well through-out most of the test cell. Calculated spatial distributions of the scalar turbulence quantities are qualitatively similar for both models; however, the predicted distributions do not match the data over major portions of the flow area. The K–σ model provides better estimates of the turbulence quantity magnitudes. The predicted results are highly sensitive to small changes in the turbulence model constants and depend heavily on the levels of inlet turbulence. However, important differences between prediction and measurement cannot be significantly reduced by simple changes to the model’s constants.

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