Correlational study of speakers’ heights, weights, body surface areas, and speaking fundamental frequencies

1978 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Lass ◽  
William S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies

Gill and Body Surface Areas of the Carp in relation to Body Mass, With Special Reference To The Metabolism-Size Relationship

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN OIKAWA ◽  
YASUO ITAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships of resting metabolism per unit mass of body to gill and body surface areas were examined by measuring gill, body surface and fin areas of carp ranging from 0.0016 to 2250g. There was a triphasic allometry for the relationship between gill area and body mass: during the prelarval (0.0016–0.003 g) and postlarval (0.003–0.2g) stages there was a positive allometry (slopes of 7.066 and 1.222, respectively), during the juvenile and later stages (0.2–2250 g) there was a negative allometry with a slope of 0.794. There was a diphasic negative allometry for the relationship between surface area of the body or the fins and body mass, with a slope of 0.596 or 0.523 during the larval stage and 0.664 or 0.724 during the juvenile and later stages, respectively. Except for the 3rd phase (juvenile to adult) of gill area, these slopes were significantly different (P<0.01) from the slope for the relationship between resting metabolism and body mass of intact carp (0.84; value from Winberg, 1956). It is considered, therefore, that gill, body surface and fin areas do not directly regulate the resting metabolism of the fish, in the larval stage at least.

Urea is the Best Molecule to Target Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Gotch
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Dialysis Dose ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anephric Patients ◽  
Dialysis Outcomes ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Urea Distribution Volume

For hemodialysis, a large base of data shows the validity of modelling the dialysis dose and reliably estimating protein intake from equilibrated Kt/V urea (eKt/VU), the total dialyzer urea clearance provided during each treatment divided by the urea distribution volume. An eKt/VU of 1.05 thrice weekly is judged adequate, but is still under study. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), two dosage criteria are widely recognized: continuous (“standard”) Kt/VU (stdKt/VU = 2.0 weekly), and total creatinine (Cr) clearance normalized to body surface area (KCrT = 70 L/week/1.73 m2). The CANUSA study concluded that a stdKt/VU of 2.1 and a KCrT of 70 L/week/1.73 m2 gave equivalent clinical outcomes. The Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) recommends values of 2.0 and 60 L/ week/1.73 m2 respectively. An analysis of these two parameters for males and females over a wide range of body surface areas (BSAs) was done and the analysis showed: ( 1 ) The U and Cr dose criteria are incommensurable—that is, they can virtually never be achieved simultaneously in anephric patients. ( 2 ) The Cr criterion varies widely with the sex of the patient and with the BSA-dependent variation in stdKt/VU over a range of 2.1 to 3.0. ( 3 ) The U criterion always produces a KCrT < 60 L/week/1.73 m2 in females and 60 – 70 L/ week/1.73 m2 in males. With respect to U and Cr, the CANUSA results were concluded to be valid in patients with substantial residual renal function, but probably not applicable to anephric patients where the doses are clearly incommensurable.

scholarly journals Comparative study of rules employed for calculation of pediatric drug dosage

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracieli Prado Elias ◽  
Cristina Antoniali ◽  
Ronaldo Célio Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Drug ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Surface Areas

The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.

89C: A NEW METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF INVOLVED BODY SURFACE AREAS FOR OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT BURN PATIENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
KC Neaman ◽  
LA Andres ◽  
AM McClure ◽  
ME Burton ◽  
PR Kemmeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
New Method ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Surface Areas

Pediatric Defibrillation: Importance of Paddle Size in Determining Transthoracic Impedance

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-918
Author(s):  
Dianne L. Atkins ◽  
Sara Sirna ◽  
Robert Kieso ◽  
Francis Charbonnier ◽  
Richard E. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Pulse Technique ◽  
Test Pulse ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transthoracic Impedance ◽  
Transthoracic Resistance

Transthoracic impedance is a major determinant of successful defibrillation or cardioversion, but no data are available concerning the range and determinants of transthoracic impedance in children. Transthoracic impedance was measured in ten ambulatory infants, 6 weeks to 9 months of age, and 37 children, 1.5 to 15 years of age, using a previously validated "test pulse" technique that measures transthoracic impedance without actually delivering a shock. We used hand-held "pediatric" (21 cm2) and "adult" (83 cm2) electrode paddles coated with either Redux paste or Redux creme. Transthoracic impedance in children was 108 ± 24 Ω (range 61 to 212 Ω) using pediatric paddles. Using adult paddles lowered the transthoracic resistance by 47% to 57 ± 11 Ω (range 29 to 101 Ω), P &lt; .05. In infants, transthoracic impedance (measured only with pediatric paddles) was 94 ± 17 Ω (range 74 to 124 Ω). Using Redux paste as the coupling agent reduced transthoracic impedance by 13% (P &lt; .05). Transthoracic impedance was significantly but poorly related to body weight and body surface areas, but the correlations were not sufficiently high to be clinically useful. These data indicate that the larger adult electrode paddles will minimize transthoracic impedance and should be used when the child's thorax is large enough to permit electrode to chest contact over the entire paddle surface. This transition occurred at an approximate weight of 10 kg.

scholarly journals Local versus WHO/International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders-recommended thyroid volume reference in the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders

1999 ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Foo ◽  
A Zulfiqar ◽  
M Nafikudin ◽  
MT Fadzil ◽  
AS Asmah
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Goitre Prevalence ◽  
Deficient Area

OBJECTIVE: Iodine deficiency endemia is defined by the goitre prevalence and the median urinary iodine concentration in a population. Lack of local thyroid volume reference data may bring many health workers to use the European-based WHO/International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD)-recommended reference for the assessment of goitre prevalence in children in different developing countries. The present study was conducted in non-iodine-deficient areas in Malaysia to obtain local children's normative thyroid volume reference data, and to compare their usefulness with those of the WHO/ICCIDD-recommended reference for the assessment of iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) in Malaysia. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional thyroid ultrasonographic data of 7410 school children (4004 boys, 3406 girls), aged 7-10 years, from non-iodine-deficient areas (urban and rural) in Peninsular Malaysia were collected. Age/sex- and body surface area/sex-specific upper limits (97th percentile) of normal thyroid volume were derived. Thyroid ultrasonographic data of similar-age children from schools located in a mildly iodine-deficient area, a severely iodine-deficient area, and a non-iodine-deficient area were also collected; spot urines were obtained from these children for iodine determination. RESULTS: The goitre prevalences obtained using the local reference were consistent with the median urinary iodine concentrations in indicating the severity of IDD in the areas studied. In contrast, the results obtained using the WHO/ICCIDD-recommended reference showed lack of congruency with the median urinary iodine concentrations, and grossly underestimated the problem. The local sex-specific reference values at different ages and body surface areas are not a constant proportion of the WHO/ICCIDD-recommended reference. A further limitation of the WHO/ICCIDD-recommended reference is the lack of normative values for children with small body surface areas (<0.8m2) commonly found in the developing countries. CONCLUSION: The observations favour the use of a local reference in the screening of children for thyroid enlargement.

Determination of body surface area in the rhesus monkey

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Liu ◽  
G. A. Higbee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
K Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Surface Areas

Body surface areas (BSA) of 31 apparently normal rhesus monkeys of both sexes weighing 3.2–5.3 kg were determined by the direct skinning technique. The range of measured BSA was 1,940–3,020 cm2 (mean = 2,430 cm2). The BSA values of male and female monkeys were not significantly different. The K value, calculated as the ratio of BSA (cm2)/body wt2/3 (kg), was 969 +/- 15 (SE). Based on the principle of least squares for goodness of fit between the measured and calculated BSA, the best equation was determined to be (see article). A nomogram was constructed for rapid determination of the BSA of rhesus monkeys with known body weight and lengths (head to anus). Monkey BSA could also be computed by multiplying the DuBois human BSA equation by a factor of 1.147 for the head-to-anus measure of length or by 0.891 for the head-to-heel measurement.

Infection Risk Factors in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Mrowczynski ◽  
Michal Wojtalik ◽  
Danuta Zawadzka ◽  
Girish Sharma ◽  
Jacek Henschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Cardiac operations were preformed in 499 children from January 1998 through December 1999. Their median age was 263 days. A positive culture from blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, wound, or central catheter was obtained in 110 patients (22%). Age, sex, presence of pulmonary hypertension, body surface area, ratio of body surface area to oxygenator surface area, whether heart surgery was open or closed, and the duration of the operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, intubation, and intensive care were analyzed. Patients who developed infections were significantly younger, with smaller body surface areas and disparity with the oxygenator surface area, longer operative and bypass times, extended intubation, and prolonged intensive care. There was a significant correlation between infection and pulmonary hypertension. Sex and type of operation were not predictors of infection.

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