An Activity-Based Approach to Physical Education for Preschool Children with Disabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Block ◽  
Timothy D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Traditional motor development programs for preschool children with disabilities usually utilize a behavior-analytic approach in which children are given specific training and instruction on identified IEP objectives. While this approach has its merits in terms of time-on-task and focus on critical IEP objectives, it is not consistent with current developmentally appropriate philosophies in early childhood education. One of the newer techniques suggested by early childhood educators as a “best practice” in educating young children is an activity-based or play-based approach. Children still have individually determined goals and objectives, but these goals and objectives are “embedded” in a variety of child-directed play activities. The teacher acts as a facilitator, encouraging the child to practice individual goals while exploring the environment. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of activity-based intervention and provide examples of how it can be implemented within a motor development/physical education context for preschool children with disabilities.

Early Childhood Teacher Professional Development in Physical Education and Its Impact on Preschooler Motor Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Cristina Honrubia Montesinos ◽  
Pedro Gil-Madrona ◽  
Luisa Losada-Puente
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Teachers Professional Development

Physical education in early years makes a unique contribution to the learning experience of children and support physical, cognitive, and social development. Teacher plays an essential role, but early childhood teacher professional development remains unclear. Literature review has shown that it is influenced by individual and social factors. Teacher professional development may have an impact on student motor development in this stage. The objectives of this chapter were to study early childhood teachers' professional development in PE and to analyze the influence and impact of early childhood teachers' professional development on their students' motor development. This chapter describes the results and conclusions of two different studies which have been developed. They highlighted that the variables that affect professional development are initial training and professional development, external perception of physical education, and personal perspective. Furthermore, findings have revealed that these three variables condition their students' motor development most.

The Cascading Effects of Gross Motor Development and the Impact of Intervention in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ali S. Brian
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
Developmental Domains

Today's preschoolers are facing a secular decline with their motor development. Intervention, via physical education in preschool, can be effective to remediate gross motor delays. Teachers need ongoing support in order to intervene. If teachers intervene, children may be placed onto a positive developmental trajectory towards lifespan health. Children's gains in gross motor can transcend into other domains of development. Thus, the author urges early childhood policymakers to strongly consider hiring a licensed physical educator to implement daily physical education to preschoolers to maximize positive developmental trajectories of health. If these policy changes do not occur, children may continue on their secular decline with deleterious consequences across multiple developmental domains and school readiness.

Authenticity in Early Childhood Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Macy ◽  
Steven J. Bagnato
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Assessment ◽  
Young Children With Disabilities ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Practice Standards ◽  
Childhood Intervention

Conventional tests and testing practices are at odds with professional “best practice” standards in early childhood intervention. Moreover, conventional tests have been neither developed for nor field-validated on young children with disabilities for early intervention purposes. Dramatic changes are emerging in the assessment of young children, particularly those with developmental delays/disabilities. Interdisciplinary professionals must know and adhere to the professional practice standards for assessment in early childhood intervention. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) standards promote authentic assessment as the evidence-based alternative for young children to prevent the misrepresentation of young children with disabilities—the mismeasure of young children (Bagnato, Neisworth & Pretti-Frontczak, 2010).

scholarly journals POSSIBLE MODELS OF INTEGRATION OF PRESCHOOL MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Nela Malinović-Jovanović ◽  
Milica Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Design Integration ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Integrate Teaching

The main goal of this paper is to suggest possible models of integration of preschool mathematics and physical education in accordance with characteristics of children’s cognitive development in this period, goals and objectives of preschool education and specifics of these subject areas in working with preschool children. It was investigated “why it is necessary to integrate teaching content of these specific subjects”, the different integration models, similar goals and learning objectives were specified, as well as appropriate types of integration suitable for linking the content of these subjects. Through the complete integration of related goals, as well as by observing mathematics through physical education, and physical education through mathematics, various possibilities of integrating teaching materials of these subjects are presented through specific examples as well as the appropriate instructions for their design. Integration of these subject areas is useful because due to the abstract nature of mathematical concepts, physical education allows children to learn about, explore and use to apply key mathematical concepts and language from another angle.

scholarly journals Fundamental Motor Skill Delays in Preschool Children With Disabilities: 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Andrew Pitchford ◽  
Willie Leung ◽  
E. Kipling Webster
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
School Children ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Development Delay

Delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competency have been observed in a variety of children with disabilities. However, evidence of FMS delays is largely limited to small, geographically specific, limitedly diverse, and non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between FMS competency and reported disability status among pre-school children, ages 3–5 years, using the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NYFS). In total, 329 preschool children (49% female; 4.00 ± 0.04 years of age) from the 2012 NYFS completed the Test of Gross Motor Development−2, including 43 preschoolers identified with a disability based on parental report (44% female; 4.20 ± 0.16 years). Associations were examined with logistic regression using sampling weights. Poor FMS competency, defined as gross motor quotient scores ≤ 79, was observed in significantly more children with disabilities (29%) than children without disabilities (10%, OR = 3.5, p = 0.04). While not statistically significant, there was a growing disparity in FMS competency at age 5 (41 vs. 11%) compared to age 3 (15 vs. 9%, OR = 1.80, p = 0.30). The results provide additional evidence for poor FMS competency among pre-school children with disabilities. FMS should be an early part of comprehensive assessments for all children suspected of disability or development delay as it is critical to identify and intervene upon FMS delays before discrepancies can widen.

scholarly journals THE BODY MOVEMENT AT CARIMBÓ DANCE: A contribution to the Sensory-Motor Development at Physical Education class in Early Childhood Education in Belém (PA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. a1en
Author(s):  
Ana D'Arc Martins de Azevedo ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Neiva ◽  
Edgar Monteiro Chagas Junior ◽  
Maria Betânia de Carvalho Fidalgo Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Sensory Motor

This article highlights Carimbó as a symbol of traditional culture and the state of Pará identity, being an instrument to work according to Wallon theory on sensory-motor development. The matter discussed is about to know how Carimbó contributes to students sensory-motor development in Early Childhood Education (toddlers) in Physical Education classes. It's a qualitative case study research, that used a participatory observation instrument and an open interview with a teacher and six students. For data analysis, data triangulation was used. As a result, we understand that Carimbó made viable the students sensory-motor development. On this account it was possible to observe the development of the researched aspects.

scholarly journals Hábitos y motivos de ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con el valor otorgado a la Educación Física (Undergraduates’ physical exercise habits and motives and their relationship with the value given to Physical Education)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
María Pilar León ◽  
Alejandro Prieto-Ayuso ◽  
Pedro Gil-Madrona
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Childhood Education

El potencial de la motricidad en Educación Infantil podría verse afectado por diversos factores, como la actitud de los docentes hacia el trabajo motor en Educación Infantil o su práctica de ejercicio físico. Por esta razón, el objetivo fue conocer los hábitos y motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico de los futuros docentes, comprobando si ello incide en el valor otorgado al desarrollo de la motricidad en Educación Infantil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 196 estudiantes de los tres primeros cursos del Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 22 años. Para conocer sus motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico, completaron la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada. Además, se conoció su opinión respecto a la utilidad de la motricidad en Educación Infantil para el futuro de los niños, y a los aspectos a los que más contribuye la motricidad, así como su hábito de ejercicio físico. Los estudiantes de segundo y tercer curso son quienes consideran más útiles las clases de Educación Física. La mayoría practican ejercicio físico por motivos de fitness y disfrute. Se hallaron correlaciones positivas entre la subescala fitness y la utilidad otorgado a las clases de motricidad. Es posible concluir, por tanto, la alta importancia de las clases de Educación Física en Educación Infantil según los futuros docentes, así como la necesidad de promocionar la práctica de ejercicio físico entre éstos con el propósito de aumentar esta valoración, debido a los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo.Abstract. The potential of motor skills in Early Childhood Education could be affected by several factors, such as teachers’ attitude towards motor development in pre-schoolers or their physical exercise habits. For that reason, the aim was to know future teachers’ habits and motives to do physical exercise, assessing if this affects the value that teachers give to the development of psychomotricity in this stage. The sample was composed of 196 undergraduates from the first three years of the Degree in Early Childhood Education, aged between 18 and 21 years old. In order to know their reasons for doing physical exercise, they filled the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised. In addition, their opinions regarding the usefulness of Physical Education lessons for the future of preschoolers, and the aspects to which motor skills contribute the most, were revealed, as well as their physical exercise habits. Undergraduates belonging to the second and third year were those who considered Physical Education lessons as more useful. The great majority of students did physical exercise for reasons such as fitness and enjoyment. Positive correlations were found between the fitness subscale and the usefulness given to Physical Education lessons by undergraduates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Physical Education lessons have great importance in Early Childhood Education according to future teachers. Furthermore, taking these findings into account, the need to promote physical exercise among them is also highlighted, with the aim of increasing the value of psychomotricity.

Authenticity in Early Childhood Assessment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Macy ◽  
Steven J. Bagnato
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Assessment ◽  
Young Children With Disabilities ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Practice Standards ◽  
Childhood Intervention

Conventional tests and testing practices are at odds with professional “best practice” standards in early childhood intervention. Moreover, conventional tests have been neither developed for nor field-validated on young children with disabilities for early intervention purposes. Dramatic changes are emerging in the assessment of young children, particularly those with developmental delays/disabilities. Interdisciplinary professionals must know and adhere to the professional practice standards for assessment in early childhood intervention. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) standards promote authentic assessment as the evidence-based alternative for young children to prevent the misrepresentation of young children with disabilities—the mismeasure of young children (Bagnato, Neisworth & Pretti-Frontczak, 2010).

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