The Cascading Effects of Gross Motor Development and the Impact of Intervention in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ali S. Brian
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
Developmental Domains

Today's preschoolers are facing a secular decline with their motor development. Intervention, via physical education in preschool, can be effective to remediate gross motor delays. Teachers need ongoing support in order to intervene. If teachers intervene, children may be placed onto a positive developmental trajectory towards lifespan health. Children's gains in gross motor can transcend into other domains of development. Thus, the author urges early childhood policymakers to strongly consider hiring a licensed physical educator to implement daily physical education to preschoolers to maximize positive developmental trajectories of health. If these policy changes do not occur, children may continue on their secular decline with deleterious consequences across multiple developmental domains and school readiness.

scholarly journals Developmental trajectories of infants born at less than 30 weeks’ gestation on the Bayley-III Scales

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Chloe Durrant ◽  
Hilary S Wong ◽  
Tim J Cole ◽  
Betty Hutchon ◽  
Lynn Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Expressive Communication

ObjectiveTo describe the cognitive, language and motor developmental trajectories of children born very preterm and to identify perinatal factors that predict the trajectories.DesignData from a cohort of 1142 infants born at <30 weeks’ gestation who were prospectively assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III) at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months corrected age, were analysed using the Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) growth curve analysis model.Main outcome measuresDevelopmental trajectory SITAR models for Bayley-III cognitive, language (receptive and expressive communication subscales) and motor (fine and gross motor subscales) scores.ResultsThe successfully fitted SITAR models explained 62% of variance in cognitive development, 68% in receptive communication, 53% in fine motor and 68% in the gross motor development. There was too much variation in the expressive communication subscale to fit a SITAR model. The rate of development (gradient of the curve) best explains the variation in trajectories of development in all domains. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight and male sex significantly predicted a slower rate of development.ConclusionThe rate of development, rather than single time point developmental assessment, best predicts the very preterm infant’s developmental trajectory and should be the focus for monitoring and early intervention.

PENGEMBANGAN FISIK MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN BERMAI

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Farhatin Masrurah ◽  
Khulusinniyah Khulusinniyah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

The first five years of a children’s age is the period of rapid growth with physical and motor development. Those process will develop well if stimulated continuously. Early childhood always identic with high activity requires the opportunity to express their abilities. Therefore playing method is very urgent inchildren’s gross motor skills and fine motor skills development through a variety of playing activities both indoors and outdoors. Playing is an activity that cannot be separated from early childhood’s world. All playing activities will be carried out happily. By the same token learning by playing will be done happily without any sense of being forced or oppressed.

scholarly journals Intra-Rater (Live vs. Video Assessment) and Inter-Rater (Expert vs. Novice) Reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Aida Carballo-Fazanes ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
José E. Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Varela-Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) is one of the most common tools for assessing the fundamental movement skills (FMS) in children between 3 and 10 years. This study aimed to examine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the TGMD—3rd Edition (TGMD-3) between expert and novice raters using live and video assessment. Five raters [2 experts and 3 novices (one of them BSc in Physical Education and Sport Science)] assessed and scored the performance of the TGMD-3 of 25 healthy children [Female: 60%; mean (standard deviation) age 9.16 (1.31)]. Schoolchildren were attending at one public elementary school during the academic year 2019–2020 from Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Raters scored each children performance through two viewing moods (live and slow-motion). The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was used to determine the agreement between raters. Our results showed moderate-to-excellent intra-rater reliability for overall score and locomotor and ball skills subscales; moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for overall and ball skills; and poor-to-good for locomotor subscale. Higher intra-rater reliability was achieved by the expert raters and novice rater with physical education background compared to novice raters. However, the inter-rater reliability was more variable in all the raters regardless of their experience or background. No significant differences in reliability were found when comparing live and video assessments. For clinical practice, it would be recommended that raters reach an agreement before the assessment to avoid subjective interpretations that might distort the results.

An Activity-Based Approach to Physical Education for Preschool Children with Disabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Block ◽  
Timothy D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Traditional motor development programs for preschool children with disabilities usually utilize a behavior-analytic approach in which children are given specific training and instruction on identified IEP objectives. While this approach has its merits in terms of time-on-task and focus on critical IEP objectives, it is not consistent with current developmentally appropriate philosophies in early childhood education. One of the newer techniques suggested by early childhood educators as a “best practice” in educating young children is an activity-based or play-based approach. Children still have individually determined goals and objectives, but these goals and objectives are “embedded” in a variety of child-directed play activities. The teacher acts as a facilitator, encouraging the child to practice individual goals while exploring the environment. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of activity-based intervention and provide examples of how it can be implemented within a motor development/physical education context for preschool children with disabilities.

Early Childhood Teacher Professional Development in Physical Education and Its Impact on Preschooler Motor Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Cristina Honrubia Montesinos ◽  
Pedro Gil-Madrona ◽  
Luisa Losada-Puente
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Teacher Professional Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Teachers Professional Development

Physical education in early years makes a unique contribution to the learning experience of children and support physical, cognitive, and social development. Teacher plays an essential role, but early childhood teacher professional development remains unclear. Literature review has shown that it is influenced by individual and social factors. Teacher professional development may have an impact on student motor development in this stage. The objectives of this chapter were to study early childhood teachers' professional development in PE and to analyze the influence and impact of early childhood teachers' professional development on their students' motor development. This chapter describes the results and conclusions of two different studies which have been developed. They highlighted that the variables that affect professional development are initial training and professional development, external perception of physical education, and personal perspective. Furthermore, findings have revealed that these three variables condition their students' motor development most.

scholarly journals THE BODY MOVEMENT AT CARIMBÓ DANCE: A contribution to the Sensory-Motor Development at Physical Education class in Early Childhood Education in Belém (PA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. a1en
Author(s):  
Ana D'Arc Martins de Azevedo ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Neiva ◽  
Edgar Monteiro Chagas Junior ◽  
Maria Betânia de Carvalho Fidalgo Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Sensory Motor

This article highlights Carimbó as a symbol of traditional culture and the state of Pará identity, being an instrument to work according to Wallon theory on sensory-motor development. The matter discussed is about to know how Carimbó contributes to students sensory-motor development in Early Childhood Education (toddlers) in Physical Education classes. It's a qualitative case study research, that used a participatory observation instrument and an open interview with a teacher and six students. For data analysis, data triangulation was used. As a result, we understand that Carimbó made viable the students sensory-motor development. On this account it was possible to observe the development of the researched aspects.

Developmental Trajectories of Children’s Social Competence in Early Childhood: The Role of the Externalizing Behaviors of Their Preschool Peers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yudron ◽  
Stephanie M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Classroom Level

The construct of social competence encompasses a set of discrete skills considered important for the formation of positive relationships with others (Raver & Zigler, 1997). Despite the importance of social competence, little is known about its developmental course through early childhood. In addition, little is known about the influence of preschool classroom-level peer characteristics on the developmental trajectory of social competence.In this study, we fit multilevel models of change to explore children’s trajectories of social competence in early childhood. We investigated whether critical features of children’s trajectories differed systematically by observed aggregate differences in the externalizing behaviors of their preschool peers—a salient aspect of one of the first social contexts in which children engage. We found that children’s social competence grows over time in early childhood and has a statistically significant, positive relationship with the classroom level of externalizing behaviors. Evidence of this relationship disappears when the quality of the classroom relational climate is controlled for in the multilevel regression model.

The Effects of Quality Daily Physical Education on Movement Competency in Obese versus Nonobese Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dru Marshall ◽  
Marcel Bouffard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Performance Results

The purposes of the study were to determine if there is a difference in gross motor skill movement competencies between obese and nonobese children; whether Quality Daily Physical Education (QDPE) programs facilitated the development of movement skill in obese children; and whether there is an association between aerobic fitness level and motor performance results. A 2 Sex (male, female) × 2 Group (obese, nonobese) × 2 Age Categories (Grade 1, Grade 4) × 2 Program (QDPE, non-QDPE) completely randomized factorial design was used. Movement competency (Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD)) and aerobic fitness (20 m shuttle run test) were assessed in 100 age-, sex-, and school-matched obese and nonobese pairs. A significant three-way interaction of Program × Group × Sex was found for the TGMD total score, suggesting that QDPE programs facilitate the development of gross motor skills in those children who are less movement competent to begin with, regardless of their obesity status. Correlations showed that aerobic fitness level was predictive of the TGMD scores. This study provides evidence in support of QDPE programs.

scholarly journals Hábitos y motivos de ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con el valor otorgado a la Educación Física (Undergraduates’ physical exercise habits and motives and their relationship with the value given to Physical Education)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
María Pilar León ◽  
Alejandro Prieto-Ayuso ◽  
Pedro Gil-Madrona
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Childhood Education

El potencial de la motricidad en Educación Infantil podría verse afectado por diversos factores, como la actitud de los docentes hacia el trabajo motor en Educación Infantil o su práctica de ejercicio físico. Por esta razón, el objetivo fue conocer los hábitos y motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico de los futuros docentes, comprobando si ello incide en el valor otorgado al desarrollo de la motricidad en Educación Infantil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 196 estudiantes de los tres primeros cursos del Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 22 años. Para conocer sus motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico, completaron la Escala de Medida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada. Además, se conoció su opinión respecto a la utilidad de la motricidad en Educación Infantil para el futuro de los niños, y a los aspectos a los que más contribuye la motricidad, así como su hábito de ejercicio físico. Los estudiantes de segundo y tercer curso son quienes consideran más útiles las clases de Educación Física. La mayoría practican ejercicio físico por motivos de fitness y disfrute. Se hallaron correlaciones positivas entre la subescala fitness y la utilidad otorgado a las clases de motricidad. Es posible concluir, por tanto, la alta importancia de las clases de Educación Física en Educación Infantil según los futuros docentes, así como la necesidad de promocionar la práctica de ejercicio físico entre éstos con el propósito de aumentar esta valoración, debido a los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo.Abstract. The potential of motor skills in Early Childhood Education could be affected by several factors, such as teachers’ attitude towards motor development in pre-schoolers or their physical exercise habits. For that reason, the aim was to know future teachers’ habits and motives to do physical exercise, assessing if this affects the value that teachers give to the development of psychomotricity in this stage. The sample was composed of 196 undergraduates from the first three years of the Degree in Early Childhood Education, aged between 18 and 21 years old. In order to know their reasons for doing physical exercise, they filled the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised. In addition, their opinions regarding the usefulness of Physical Education lessons for the future of preschoolers, and the aspects to which motor skills contribute the most, were revealed, as well as their physical exercise habits. Undergraduates belonging to the second and third year were those who considered Physical Education lessons as more useful. The great majority of students did physical exercise for reasons such as fitness and enjoyment. Positive correlations were found between the fitness subscale and the usefulness given to Physical Education lessons by undergraduates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that Physical Education lessons have great importance in Early Childhood Education according to future teachers. Furthermore, taking these findings into account, the need to promote physical exercise among them is also highlighted, with the aim of increasing the value of psychomotricity.

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