The Water-Polo Intermittent Shuttle Test: A Match-Fitness Test for Water-Polo Players

Purpose:To develop and validate an intermittent match-fitness test for water-polo players.Methods:Eight male junior players performed the Water Polo Intermittent Shuttle Test (WIST) twice to assess test reliability. To assess test sensitivity and validity, 104 male and female players from different competition standards and playing positions were tested. Eighteen players performed the WIST 5 times throughout a season to track fitness changes. Twelve players performed the WIST 48 hours before 4 consecutive National League games, and coaches awarded individual match-fitness scores based on game performances to assess the relationship between match fitness and test results. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Lablood) were measured during and after each test, respectively.Results:Test–retest performance values were 216 ± 90 vs 229 ± 96 m (r = .98, P = .0001, coefficient of variation [CV] = 5.4%), peak HR 190 ± 8 vs 192 ± 10 bpm (r = .96, P = .0002, CV = 1.2%), and Lablood 7.0 ± 1.8 vs 6.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L (r = .84, P = .0092, CV = 8.8%). Significant differences were observed among different standards of play (range junior regional females 102 ± 10 m, senior international males 401 ± 30 m) and playing positions (field players 305 ± 154 m, center forwards 255 ± 118, goal keepers 203 ± 135 m). Test performance was lower in the early season (344 ± 118 m) than the remainder of the season (range 459 ± 138 to 550 ± 176 m). WIST performance and match-fitness scores correlated for all field players (r = .57, P = .054) but more highly for field players other than center forwards (r = .83, P = .0027).Conclusions:The WIST is a reliable, sensitive, and valid match-fitness test for water-polo players. It could become a useful tool to assess the effects of different interventions on match fitness.

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The influence of intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity ◽

10.2478/bjha-2014-0029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dominika Wilczynska ◽

Patrycja Lipinska ◽

Malgorzata Wolujewicz-Czerlonko

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Test Results ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Physical Effort ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mental Preparation ◽

Physiological Cost ◽

State Orientation ◽

Efficiency Test ◽

Visualization Techniques

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the following research was to find out the influence of imaginary training based on intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players, both male and female in stressogenic situations. Individual differences (action vs state orientation) between players were also measured in this research.Material/Methods: 76 players (32 females and 44 males) in the cadet category (15-16 years old) from basketball clubs of Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot took part in this research. In the first stage all players did a throw efficiency test ERPE 05 under two conditions, and their heart rate was measured. Then players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first one did imaginary training based on the influence of intention implementation for 10 days, while the other did not. After 10 days ERPE 05 test under two conditions was run again.Results: Test results showed that intention implementation does not influence effectiveness improvement in stressogenic conditions as far as state-oriented players are concerned, but it does lower the physiological cost of physical effort in form of a decreased heart rate.Conclusions: This research proves that visualization training based on implementation instructions does influence young players’ physiology and significantly lowers their heart rate under stressogenic conditions. However useful, visualization techniques used in this research still need other tests and should be applied for a longer period of time to acutely show how they affect young players’ mental preparation

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Personality Dysfunction and Lateralized Deficits in Cerebral Functions as Measured by the MMPI and Reitan-Halstead Battery

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1976.43.2.655 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 655-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John Louks ◽

Donald Calsyn ◽

Frank Lindsay

Keyword(s):

Left Hemisphere ◽

Test Performance ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Test Results ◽

Personality Organization ◽

Functional Deficits ◽

Personality Differences ◽

Personality Dysfunction ◽

The Relationship

Previous research using the MMPI has failed to show personality differences between right and left hemispheric brain-damaged patients. The purposes of the present study were, first, to determine whether lateralized deficits in cortical functioning as measured by neuropsychological testing are systematically associated with neurotic-psychotic distinctions on the MMPI Secondly, we wished to determine the strength of predictive association in the relationship between lateralized functional deficits and personality organization A localization key (Russell, et al., 1972) was applied to the “Reitan-Battery” test results for 94 patients who were referred for neuropsychological testing. Based on this approach, 15 pairs of patients were selected who were “left” or “right” hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of test performance. Pairs were matched for age and “average impairment rating” (Russell, et al., 1972). Their MMPIs were also designated “neurotic” or “psychotic” using the Goldberg Psychotic Index (Goldberg, 1972). The results suggest that patients with deficits in left hemisphere functions tend to score in the psychotic range and patients with deficits in right hemispheric functions tend to score in the neurotic range of the MMPI Goldberg Index. In this set of data there was a 38% reduction in error of predicting neurotic-psychotic category by knowing whether the patient was left or right hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of neuropsychological tests.

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Contrasting perceptions of male and female dental students regarding smile aesthetics based on their gingival display

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p200-204 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Yessy Josephine Sijabat ◽

C. Christnawati ◽

Dyah Karunia

Keyword(s):

Digital Camera ◽

Kappa Statistic ◽

Dental Students ◽

Female Students ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Test Results ◽

Male And Female ◽

Photographic Images ◽

Personal Opinion ◽

Smile Aesthetics

Background: Perception consists of personal opinion in relation to an object. In terms of aesthetics, perception normally differs from one individual to another based on several factors such as gender. When expressing emotion, a smile is the most important facial expression whose aesthetics are constructed from a number of components, including gingival display. Purpose: This study aimed to establish the comparative perceptions of the smile aesthetics of male and female dental students based on their gingival display. Methods: 36 dental students, divided equally according to gender, were enrolled in this study. Photographic images of the smile of each subject were taken from a frontal direction with a Canon EOS 700D digital camera and subsequently printed. Assessments were conducted by comparing the photographs of subjects from the perspective of smile references based on the gingival display, followed by subject scoring on the basis of smile classification. Assessments were conducted twice within a two-week period to confirm test reliability. The data collected was analyzed by means of kappa statistic and U-Mann Whitney tests. Results: The test results indicated that all subjects demonstrated a coincidence in their analysis (κ=0.84). Statistical analysis showed that a score of 0.902 (p>0.05) had been produced by a U-Mann Whitney test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that no difference exists between male and female students in the perception of smile aesthetics based on the gingival display.

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Factores asociados a la eficacia de gol en waterpolo (Factors associated with shooting efficacy in water polo)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i29.35220 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Francisco Manuel Argudo Iturriaga ◽

Laura Garcia Cervantes ◽

Encarnación Ruiz Lara

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Central Area ◽

Male And Female ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Water Polo ◽

European Water ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shooting Distance

Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre la eficacia de gol en waterpolo y otros factores asociados como la microsituación de juego, la distancia de lanzamiento y el ángulo de lanzamiento. La muestra se compuso de 7215 lanzamientos pertenecientes al Campeonato de Europa de waterpolo (Málaga, 2008) y al Campeonato del Mundo de waterpolo (Roma, 2009). Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software Polo Análisis Directo v.1.0. Tanto en categoría femenina como masculina, la eficacia de gol de los lanzamientos de penalti fue mayor que en el resto de lanzamientos (p <.001). En waterpolo femenino se identificó un modelo con capacidad para predecir el 63% de los goles, donde se observó mayor posibilidad de gol en los lanzamientos llevados a cabo en jugadas de desigualdad numérica (OR=2.65) y de transición (OR=2.04). En waterpolo masculino el modelo tuvo capacidad para explicar el 65% de los goles, observándose mayor posibilidad de gol en las jugadas de desigualdad numérica (OR=2.59), en las jugadas de transición (OR=2.00) y en los lanzamientos efectuados desde la zona central o frontal a la portería (OR=1.33). Extrapolando los resultados al entrenamiento, deberíamos atender a dos directrices principalmente: la precisión de los lanzamientos realizados a una distancia inferior a 5 metros en las micro-situaciones de desigualdad numérica y de transición, y la eficacia de los lanzamientos en igualdad numérica a una distancia superior a 5 metros y desde posiciones laterales.Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between scoring and missing a goal in water polo and other associated factors such as the game micro-situation, shooting distance and shooting angle. The sample was composed of 7215 shots from the European Water Polo Championship (Malaga, 2008) and the World Water Polo Championship (Rome, 2009). The data were analyzed with Polo Analisis Directo v.1.0 software. The goal success rate of penalty shots was greater in both male and female categories than for non-penalty shots (p < .001). A model was identified in woman’s water polo that was able to predict 63% of the goals, in which the highest possibility of goal success was observed for shots taken during man-up situations (OR = 2.65) and transitions (OR = 2.04). The model applied to male water polo was able to predict 65% of the goals, showing that the highest possibility of scoring a goal corresponded to shots taken during man-up situations (OR = 2.59), in transitions (OR = 2.00) and those thrown from a central area (OR = 1.33). Extrapolating the results to apply to training, two main guiding principles should be adhered to: the precision of shots taken from less than 5 meters during man-up and transition micro-situations; and the efficacy of shots in numeric equality situations from over 5 meters and in lateral positions.

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Application Analysis of Physical Fitness Test Performance Management Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1991-1999

Author(s):

Dong Chen

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Performance Management ◽

Test Performance ◽

Ant Colony Algorithm ◽

Ant Colony ◽

Test Results ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Application Analysis

Objectives: With the continuous development of quality education in China, higher education pays more and more attention to the development of physical education. However, in the process of China’s development, there is a lack of corresponding evaluation system for physical fitness test results. Methods: Therefore, this paper proposes the analysis and research application of fitness test performance management based on ant colony algorithm. Firstly, it expounds the development status of physical education performance management. Results: Then, aiming at the corresponding shortcomings, this paper puts forward the application analysis of the fitness test performance management platform based on the mixed mode of cloud theory, and carries out a series of comprehensive tests on the system. Conclusion: According to the performance test of all aspects of the database, the test results show that the system is feasible.

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The relationship between blood lactate and heart rate responses to swim bench exercise and women's competitive water polo

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/026404198366777 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Konstantaki ◽

E. A. Trowbridge ◽

I. L. Swaine

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Water Polo ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship of Conceptual Tempo to Reading Readiness Test Performance

Journal of Reading Behavior ◽

10.1080/10862967609547167 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jon E. Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Reading Instruction ◽

Test Performance ◽

First Grade ◽

Test Results ◽

Mental Age ◽

Beginning Reading Instruction ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Matching Familiar Figures Test ◽

Conceptual Tempo

This study was designed to investigate the relationship of reflection-impulsivity to performance on a standardized readiness measure. 90 first grade boys were administered the Matching Familiar Figures test to determine their conceptual tempo. 37 boys were classified as impulsive while 30 were determined to have a reflective conceptual tempo. After determining that no pre-existing differences on chronological age, mental age, or intelligence quotients were evident between the two groups, the 67 subjects were administered the Gates-MacGinitie Readiness Skills Test. Results of the statistical analyses revealed that the reflective subjects were significantly superior on overall test perfromance and on six of eight subtests. Implications for beginning reading instruction and for further research were drawn.

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Web-Based Testing: Exploring The Relationship Between Hardware Usability And Test Performance

American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) ◽

10.19030/ajbe.v5i2.6820 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Kyle Huff ◽

Melinda Cline ◽

Carl S. Guynes

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Computer Hardware ◽

Test Results ◽

Web Browser ◽

Web Based ◽

Computer Lab ◽

Performance Effects ◽

Hardware Configuration ◽

Testing Center ◽

The Relationship

Web-based testing has recently become common in both academic and professional settings. A web-based test is administered through a web browser. Individuals may complete a web-based test at nearly any time and at any place. In addition, almost any computer lab can become a testing center. It is important to understand the environmental issues that may influence test performance. This study furthers our understanding of web-based testing. The research is conducted using an experimental method with 220 undergraduate student participants in an academic environment. Test performance effects are examined based on administration environment, computer hardware configuration, and distractions. Results indicate that minor differences in hardware configurations may have a significant effect on test results.

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Análisis de la ansiedad competitiva en jugadores jóvenes de waterpolo en función del género y rendimiento (Analysis of competitive anxiety in young water polo players according to gender and performance)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v38i38.73450 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Pablo José Borges ◽

Francisco Manuel Argudo Iturriaga ◽

Roberto Ruiz-Barquín ◽

Encarnación Ruiz Lara

Keyword(s):

Sport Performance ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Youth ◽

Water Polo ◽

Competitive Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre ansiedad competitiva en jóvenes jugadores de waterpolo y su rendimiento atendiendo al género y clasificación. La muestra estuvo formada por 268 waterpolistas infantiles (102 niñas y 166 niños) que participaron en el Campeonato de España Infantil masculino y femenino por Federaciones Autonómicas. Se ha utilizado la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2) para la medición de la ansiedad. Se hallan diferencias significativas al considerar la clasificación para el sexo masculino (p<.05); y en la variable desconcentración (p<.01) al analizar la muestra en función del sexo. En conclusión, el nivel de ansiedad es superior en niños, donde se aprecia como esta variable se relaciona con un mejor rendimiento deportivo en waterpolistas masculinos. Sin embargo, no es posible afirmar estadísticamente que ejerza esa misma función en el sexo femenino.Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between competitive anxiety and performance in young water polo players according to gender and classification. The sample was composed by 368 youth water polo players (102 girls and 166 boys) who participated in the male and female Youth Spanish Championship by Autonomic Federations. The Spanish version of the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS-2) was used for the measurement of anxiety. Significant differences were found when considering the classification in boys (p <.05); and in “Loss of focus” variable (p <.01) when analyzing the sample by gender. In conclusion, anxiety levels are higher in children, with this variable relating to better sport performance in male water polo players; however, it is not possible to statistically confirm that it plays the same role in girls.

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