Changes in Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity After a Trail-Running Race

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lea Biasutti ◽  
Desy Salvadego ◽  
Hailu K. Alemayehu ◽  
Bruno Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Trail Running

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a trail-running race on muscle oxidative function by measuring pulmonary gas exchange variables and muscle fractional O2 extraction. Methods: Eighteen athletes were evaluated before (PRE) and after (POST) a trail-running competition of 32 or 50 km with 2000 or 3500 m of elevation gain, respectively. During the week before the race, runners performed an incremental uphill running test and an incremental exercise by utilizing a 1-leg knee extension ergometer. The knee extension exercise was repeated after the end of the race. During the knee extension test, the authors measured oxygen uptake () and micromolar changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb)+myoglobin (Mb) concentrations (Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)]) on vastus lateralis with a portable near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: was lower at POST versus PRE (−23.9% [9.0%]; P < .001). at POST was lower than at the same workload at PRE (−8.4% [15.6%]; P < .050). Peak power output and time to exhaustion decreased at POST by −23.7% (14.3%) and −18.3% (11.3%), respectively (P < .005). At POST, the increase of Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] as a function of work rate, from unloaded to peak, was less pronounced (from 20.2% [10.1%] to 64.5% [21.1%] of limb ischemia at PRE to 16.9% [12.7%] to 44.0% [18.9%] at POST). Peak Δ[deoxy(Hb+Mb)] values were lower at POST (by −31.2% [20.5%]; P < .001). Conclusions: Trail running leads to impairment in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, possibly related to muscle damage from repeated eccentric contractions. In association with other mechanisms, the impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism is likely responsible for the reduced exercise capacity and tolerance during and following these races.

scholarly journals Functional impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during knee extension exercise after bed rest

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desy Salvadego ◽  
Stefano Lazzer ◽  
Mauro Marzorati ◽  
Simone Porcelli ◽  
Enrico Rejc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Functional Evaluation

A functional evaluation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during dynamic knee extension (KE) incremental exercises was carried out following a 35-day bed rest (BR) (Valdoltra 2008 BR campaign). Nine young male volunteers (age: 23.5 ± 2.2 yr; mean ± SD) were evaluated. Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate and cardiac output (by impedance cardiography), skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) fractional O2 extraction, and brain (frontal cortex) oxygenation (by near-infrared spectroscopy) were determined during incremental KE. Values at exhaustion were considered “peak”. Peak heart rate (147 ± 18 beats/min before vs. 146 ± 17 beats/min after BR) and peak cardiac output (17.8 ± 3.3 l/min before vs. 16.1 ± 1.8 l/min after BR) were unaffected by BR. As expected, brain oxygenation did not decrease during KE. Peak O2 uptake was lower after vs. before BR, both when expressed as liters per minute (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 1.26 ± 0.27) and when normalized per unit of quadriceps muscle mass (46.5 ± 6.4 vs. 56.9 ± 11.0 ml·min−1·100 g−1). Skeletal muscle peak fractional O2 extraction, expressed as a percentage of the maximal values obtained during a transient limb ischemia, was lower after (46.3 ± 12.1%) vs. before BR (66.5 ± 11.2%). After elimination, by the adopted exercise protocol, of constraints related to cardiovascular O2 delivery, a decrease in peak O2 uptake and muscle peak capacity of fractional O2 extraction was found after 35 days of BR. These findings suggest a substantial impairment of oxidative function at the muscle level, “downstream” with respect to bulk blood flow to the exercising muscles, that is possibly at the level of blood flow distribution/O2 utilization inside the muscle, peripheral O2 diffusion, and intracellular oxidative metabolism.

scholarly journals NIRS-derived skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is correlated with aerobic fitness and independent of sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-568
Author(s):  
Austin T. Beever ◽  
Thomas R. Tripp ◽  
Jenny Zhang ◽  
Martin J. MacInnis
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Compensation

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to measure skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Here, we demonstrated that NIRS-derived skeletal muscle oxidative capacity of the vastus lateralis was independent of sex, reliable across and within days, and correlated with maximal and submaximal indices of aerobic fitness, including maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold, and respiratory compensation point. These findings highlight the utility of NIRS for investigating skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in females and males.

Weight loss-induced rise in plasma pollutant is associated with reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. E574-E579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Imbeault ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
Jean-Aimé Simoneau ◽  
Denis R. Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Muscle Enzyme

In this study, we examined whether weight loss-induced changes in plasma organochlorine compounds (OC) were associated with those in skeletal muscle markers of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Vastus lateralis skeletal muscle enzyme activities and plasma OC (Aroclor 1260, polychlorinated biphenyl 153, p,p′-DDE, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and hexachlorobenzene) were measured before and after a weight loss program in 17 men and 20 women. Both sexes showed a similar reduction in body weight (∼11 kg) in response to treatment, although men lost significantly more fat mass than women ( P < 0.05). Enzymatic markers of glycolysis, phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity, and oxidative metabolism, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities, remained unchanged after weight loss. A significant increase in plasma OC levels was observed in response to weight loss, an effect that was more pronounced in men. No relationship was observed between changes in OC and those in PFK activity in either sex [−0.31 < r < 0.12, not significant (NS)]. However, the greater the increase in plasma OC levels, the greater the reduction in oxidative enzyme (HADH, CS, COX) activities was in response to weight loss in men (−0.75 < r < −0.50, P < 0.05) but not in women (−0.33 < r < 0.33, NS). These results suggest that the weight loss-induced increase in plasma pollutant levels is likely to be associated with reduced skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in men but not in women.

HIF-1α in endurance training: suppression of oxidative metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. R2059-R2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Mason ◽  
Helene Rundqvist ◽  
Ioanna Papandreou ◽  
Roger Duh ◽  
Wayne J. McNulty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Training Protocol

During endurance training, exercising skeletal muscle experiences severe and repetitive oxygen stress. The primary transcriptional response factor for acclimation to hypoxic stress is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which upregulates glycolysis and angiogenesis in response to low levels of tissue oxygenation. To examine the role of HIF-1α in endurance training, we have created mice specifically lacking skeletal muscle HIF-1α and subjected them to an endurance training protocol. We found that only wild-type mice improve their oxidative capacity, as measured by the respiratory exchange ratio; surprisingly, we found that HIF-1α null mice have already upregulated this parameter without training. Furthermore, untrained HIF-1α null mice have an increased capillary to fiber ratio and elevated oxidative enzyme activities. These changes correlate with constitutively activated AMP-activated protein kinase in the HIF-1α null muscles. Additionally, HIF-1α null muscles have decreased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase I, a HIF-1α target that inhibits oxidative metabolism. These data demonstrate that removal of HIF-1α causes an adaptive response in skeletal muscle akin to endurance training and provides evidence for the suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis by HIF-1α in normal tissue.

THE EFFECT OF LEG PREFERENCE ON MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY DURING SINGLE-LEG EXTENSION EXERCISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Venturelli ◽  
Cantor Tarperi ◽  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Luca Festa ◽  
Luana Toniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Leg Extension

To investigate how leg preference affects net efficiency (ηnet), we examined central and peripheral hemodynamics, muscle fiber type, activation and force of preferred (PL) and non-preferred (NPL) leg. Our hypothesis was that PL greater efficiency could be explained by adaptations and interactions between central, peripheral factors and force. Fifteen young participants performed single-leg extension exercise at absolute (35W) and relative (50%peak power-output (Wpeak)) workloads with PL and NPL. Oxygen uptake, photoplethysmography, Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared-spectroscopy deoxy-hemoglobin [HHb], integrated electromyography (iEMG), maximal isometric force (MVC), rate of force development (RFD50-100) and muscle biopsies of both vastus lateralis, were studied to assess central and peripheral determinants of ηnet. During exercise executed at 35W, ηnet was 17.5±5.1% and 11.9±2.1% (p<0.01) in NP and NPL respectively, while during exercise at the 50% of Wpeak, was in PL = 18.1±5.1% and in NPL = 12.5±1.9 (p<0.01). The only parameter correlated with ηnet was iEMG which showed an inverse correlation for absolute (r=-0.83 and -0.69 for PL and NPL) and relative workloads (r=-0.92 and -0.79 for PL and NPL). MVC and RFD50-100 were higher in PL than in NPL but not correlated to ηnet. This study identified a critical role of leg preference in the efficiency during single-leg extension exercise. The whole spectrum of the central and peripheral, circulatory and muscular determinants of ηnet did not explain the difference between PL and NPL efficiency. Therefore, the lower muscle activation exhibited by the PL is likely the primary determinant of this physiological phenomenon.

Abstract 2769: Impaired Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization Contributes to Exercise Intolerance in Barth Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn T Spencer ◽  
Randall M Bryant ◽  
Barry Byrne ◽  
Elisabeth Heal ◽  
Renee Margossian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Barth Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Muscle Oxygen

Objective s: Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked mutation in the TAZ gene characterized by cardiolipin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction and cardio-skeletal myopathy. We hypothe- sized that abnormal skeletal muscle oxygen (O 2 ) utilization contributes to exercise intolerance in BTHS. Methods : Boys with BTHS (n=13) and healthy male controls (n=7) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with continuous metabolic and EKG monitoring. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an indirect measure of tissue O 2 saturation and index of skeletal muscle O 2 utilization, was applied to the vastus lateralis during exercise. Cardiac function in BTHS was assessed by echocardiography and serum BNP to examine the relationship between resting cardiac function and exercise capacity in BTHS. Results : Age (16±5 vs 13±3 years; p=0.22), BMI (17±3 vs. 20±5; p=0.14) and BSA (1.0±0.5 vs 1.2±0.6 m 2 ; p=0.3) were not different between BTHS and controls. BTHS had lower peak VO 2 (19±6 vs. 52±6 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), lower % of predicted peak VO 2 (40±10% vs. 115±12%, p=0.0004), lower peak work rate (58±18 vs. 205±69 watts, p=0.0004), and lower peak O 2 pulse (4.6±1.6 vs. 14±6 ml O 2 /kg/beat, p< 0.00001) than controls. Peak HR in BTHS was lower but remained within normal peak predicted rate (172±14 vs. 197±11 bpm, p=0.001). Vastus lateralis tissue O 2 saturation at peak exercise decreased from baseline in controls as expected (-18±16%, p<0.001) but paradoxically increased from baseline in BTHS (+17±14%, p<0.03, p=0.0005 BTHS vs. controls) indicating impaired muscle O 2 utilization. Absolute (r= - 0.70, p<0.0001) and percent (r= - 0.70, p<0.001) change in NIRS from baseline was negatively associated with peak VO 2 . There was no correlation between peak VO 2 and resting EF (55±7%; r=0.12), SF (30±4%; r= -.26), myocardial performance index (0.4±0.1; r= -.3) or serum BNP (232±381; r=0.1). Conclusion : O 2 consumption during exercise in BTHS is severely reduced and caused, at least in part, by impaired skeletal muscle O 2 utilization. Resting cardiac function is not related to O 2 consumption in BTHS but cardiac dysfunction during exercise in BTHS is not excluded without further studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction likely mediates skeletal muscle O 2 utilization deficits during exercise in BTHS.

scholarly journals Home-based aerobic exercise training improves skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in patients with metabolic myopathies

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Porcelli ◽  
Mauro Marzorati ◽  
Lucia Morandi ◽  
Bruno Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Home Based

Aerobic training can be effective in patients with mitochondrial myopathies (MM) and McArdle's disease (McA). The aim of the study was to use noninvasive functional evaluation methods, specifically aimed at skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, to evaluate the effects of an aerobic exercise training (cycle ergometer, 12 wk, 4 days/wk, ∼65-70% of maximal heart rate) in 6 MM and 7 McA. Oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle vastus lateralis fractional O2 extraction by near-infrared spectroscopy were assessed during incremental and low-intensity constant work rate (CWR) exercises before (BEFORE) and at the end (AFTER) of training. Peak O2 uptake increased significantly with training both in MM [14.7 ± 1.2 vs. 17.6 ± 1.4 ml·kg−1·min−1 (mean ± SD)] and in McA (18.5 ± 1.8 ml·kg−1·min−1 vs. 21.6 ± 1.9). Peak skeletal muscle fractional O2 extraction increased with training both in MM (22.0 ± 6.7 vs. 32.6 ± 5.9%) and in McA (18.5 ± 6.2 vs. 37.2 ± 7.2%). During low-intensity CWR in both MM and McA: V̇o2 kinetics became faster in AFTER, but only in the patients with slow V̇o2 kinetics in BEFORE; the transient overshoot in fractional O2 extraction kinetics disappeared. The level of habitual physical activity was not higher 3 mo after training (FOLLOW-UP vs. PRE). In MM and McA patients a home-based aerobic training program significantly attenuated the impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and improved variables associated with exercise tolerance. Our findings indicate that in MM and McA patients near-infrared spectroscopy and V̇o2 kinetics can effectively detect the functional improvements obtained by training.

Pulmonary emphysema decreases hamster skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme capacity

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Mattson ◽  
David C. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Oxidative Enzyme ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme capacity is impaired in patients suffering from emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This effect may result as a consequence of the physiological derangements because of the emphysema condition or, alternatively, as a consequence of the reduced physical activity level in these patients. To explore this issue, citrate synthase (CS) activity was measured in selected hindlimb muscles and the diaphragm of Syrian Golden hamsters 6 mo after intratracheal instillation of either saline (Con, n = 7) or elastase [emphysema (Emp); 25 units/100 g body weight, n = 8]. Activity level was monitored, and no difference between groups was found. Excised lung volume increased with emphysema (Con, 1.5 ± 0.3 g; Emp, 3.0 ± 0.3 g, P < 0.002). Emphysema significantly reduced CS activity in the gastrocnemius (Con, 45.1 ± 2.0; Emp, 39.2 ± 0.8 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g wet wt−1, P < 0.05) and vastus lateralis (Con, 48.5 ± 1.5; Emp, 44.9 ± 0.8 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g wet wt−1, P < 0.05) but not in the plantaris (Con, 47.4 ± 3.9; Emp, 48.0 ± 2.1 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g wet wt−1, P < 0.05) muscle. In contrast, CS activity increased in the costal (Con, 61.1 ± 1.8; Emp, 65.1 ± 1.5 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g wet wt−1, P < 0.05) and crural (Con, 58.5 ± 2.0; Emp, 65.7 ± 2.2 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ g wet wt−1, P < 0.05) regions of the diaphragm. These data indicate that emphysema per se can induce decrements in the oxidative capacity of certain nonventilatory skeletal muscles that may contribute to exercise limitations in the emphysematous patient.

Gas exchange kinetics in obese adolescents. Inferences on exercise tolerance and prescription

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (5) ◽  
pp. R1298-R1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desy Salvadego ◽  
Stefano Lazzer ◽  
Carlo Busti ◽  
Raffaela Galli ◽  
Fiorenza Agosti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Fundamental Component

A functional evaluation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism was performed in a group of obese adolescents (OB). The various components of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics were evaluated during 10-min constant-load exercises (CLE) on a cycloergometer at different percentages of V̇o2max. The relationships of these components with the gas exchange threshold (GET) were determined. Fourteen male OB [age 16.5 ± 1.0 (SD) yr, body mass index 34.5 ± 3.1 kg·m−2] and 13 normal-weight, age-matched nonathletic male volunteers (control group) were studied. The time-constant (τf) of the fundamental component and the presence, pattern, and relative amplitude of the slow component of V̇o2 kinetics were determined at 40, 60, and 80% of V̇o2max, previously estimated during an incremental test. V̇o2max (l/min) was similar in the two groups. GET was lower in OB (55.7 ± 6.7% of V̇o2max) than in control (65.1 ± 5.2%) groups. The τf was higher in OB subjects, indicating a slower fundamental component. At CLE 60% (above GET in OB subjects, below GET in control subjects) a slow component was observed in nine out of fourteen OB subjects, but none in the control group. All subjects developed a slow component at CLE 80% (above GET in both OB and control). Twelve OB subjects did not complete the 10-min CLE 80% due to voluntary exhaustion. In nine OB subjects, the slow component was characterized by a linear increase in V̇o2 as a function of time. The slope of this increase was inversely related to the time to exhaustion. The above findings should negatively affect exercise tolerance in obese adolescents and suggest an impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. Also in obese adolescents, exercise evaluation and prescription at submaximal loads should be done with respect to GET and not at a given percentage of V̇o2max.

scholarly journals Limitations of skeletal muscle oxygen delivery and utilization during moderate-intensity exercise in moderately impaired patients with chronic heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. H1530-H1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Niemeijer ◽  
Ruud F. Spee ◽  
Thijs Schoots ◽  
Pieter F. F. Wijn ◽  
Hareld M. C. Kemps
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Mean Response Time

The extent and speed of transient skeletal muscle deoxygenation during exercise onset in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are related to impairments of local O2 delivery and utilization. This study examined the physiological background of submaximal exercise performance in 19 moderately impaired patients with CHF (Weber class A, B, and C) compared with 19 matched healthy control (HC) subjects by measuring skeletal muscle oxygenation (SmO2) changes during cycling exercise. All subjects performed two subsequent moderate-intensity 6-min exercise tests (bouts 1 and 2) with measurements of pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and SmO2 using near-infrared spatially resolved spectroscopy at the vastus lateralis for determination of absolute oxygenation values, amplitudes, kinetics (mean response time for onset), and deoxygenation overshoot characteristics. In CHF, deoxygenation kinetics were slower compared with HC (21.3 ± 5.3 s vs. 16.7 ± 4.4 s, P < 0.05, respectively). After priming exercise (i.e., during bout 2), deoxygenation kinetics were accelerated in CHF to values no longer different from HC (16.9 ± 4.6 s vs. 15.4 ± 4.2 s, P = 0.35). However, priming did not speed deoxygenation kinetics in CHF subjects with a deoxygenation overshoot, whereas it did reduce the incidence of the overshoot in this specific group ( P < 0.05). These results provide evidence for heterogeneity with respect to limitations of O2 delivery and utilization during moderate-intensity exercise in patients with CHF, with slowed deoxygenation kinetics indicating a predominant O2 utilization impairment and the presence of a deoxygenation overshoot, with a reduction after priming in a subgroup, indicating an initial O2 delivery to utilization mismatch.

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