scholarly journals Effects of In-Season Velocity- Versus Percentage-Based Training in Academy Rugby League Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Orange ◽  
James W. Metcalfe ◽  
Ashley Robinson ◽  
Mark J. Applegarth ◽  
Andreas Liefeith
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Training Stress

Purpose: To compare the effects of velocity-based training (VBT) vs percentage-based training (PBT) on strength, speed, and jump performance in academy rugby league players during a 7-wk in-season mesocycle. Methods: A total of 27 rugby league players competing in the Super League U19s Championship were randomized to VBT (n = 12) or PBT (n = 15). Both groups completed a 7-wk resistance-training intervention (2×/wk) that involved the back squat. The PBT group used a fixed load based on a percentage of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), whereas the VBT group used a modifiable load based on individualized velocity thresholds. Biomechanical and perceptual data were collected during each training session. Back-squat 1-RM, countermovement jump, reactive strength index, sprint times, and back-squat velocity at 40–90% 1-RM were assessed pretraining and posttraining. Results: The PBT group showed likely to most likely improvements in 1-RM strength and reactive strength index, whereas the VBT group showed likely to very likely improvements in 1-RM strength, countermovement jump height, and back-squat velocity at 40% and 60% 1-RM. Sessional velocity and power were most likely greater during VBT compared with PBT (standardized mean differences = 1.8–2.4), while time under tension and perceptual training stress were likely lower (standardized mean differences = 0.49–0.66). The improvement in back-squat velocity at 60% 1-RM was likely greater following VBT compared with PBT (standardized mean difference = 0.50). Conclusion: VBT can be implemented during the competitive season, instead of traditional PBT, to improve training stimuli, decrease training stress, and promote velocity-specific adaptations.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular and Bounce Drop-Jump Responses to Different Inter-Repetition Rest Intervals during A Composite Training Session in Hurling Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paul J Byrne ◽  
Jeremy Moody ◽  
Stephen-Mark Cooper ◽  
Sharon Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Interval Group ◽  
Back Squat

The purposes of this study were to a) compare a 4-min to an 8-min rest interval between composite training (jump-sprint combination) repetitions in a single session to allow for the recovery of neuromuscular and bounce drop-jump (BDJ) performance and b) investigate if super compensation would occur after 168hrs of rest. Twelve players were randomly assigned to either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval group. Participants first completed a BDJ test to identify individual BDJ drop heights followed by a 20m sprint test. Seventy-two hours later, a composite training session of two repetitions (three BDJs followed by a 20m sprint after a 15s rest) with either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval was performed. A three repetition maximum (3RM) back squat strength test, a BDJ, countermovement jump (CMJ) and a sprint performance test were completed 10-mins pre- and immediately post-session, and 168 hrs post-session. CMJ force (8-min group) and BDJ (height and reactive strength index (RSI)) measures decreased significantly post-session (4-min and 8-min groups; P ≤ 0.05). Pre-session to 168 hrs post-session, relative 3RM back squat strength and 20m sprint performance increased significantly for the 4-min group only (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, a 4-min composite training inter-repetition rest interval leads to a significant decline in BDJ measures (RSI and jump height) which may act as fatigue markers for monitoring. However, 4-mins provides sufficient recovery during the session which, in conjunction with 168 hrs of recovery, causes super compensation in neuromuscular performance in hurling players.

Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Niclas Kullmann ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Regular Training

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%–72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%–60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02; g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.

scholarly journals Effects of Slackline Training on Acceleration, Agility, Jump Performance and Postural Control in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Rio ◽  
Luis Santos ◽  
Benjamín Fernández-García ◽  
Roberto Robles ◽  
Iván Casquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effects of a supervised slackline training program in a group of soccer players. Thirty-four male division I under-19 players (16.64 ± 0.81 years) agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The first group (EG) followed a 6-week supervised slackline training program (3 sessions/week; 5-9 min/session), while the CG performed only regular soccer training. Several variables were assessed in all participants: acceleration (20-m sprint test), agility (90º turns test), jump performance (squat jump, countermovement jump), and postural control (Center of Pressure ( CoP) testing: length, area, speed, Xmean, Ymean, Xspeed, Yspeed, Xdeviation, Ydeviation). Ratings of perceived exertion and local muscle ratings of perceived exertions were also recorded after each slackline training session. At post-tests, there was a significant increase only in the EG in acceleration, agility, squat jump and countermovement jump performance, as well as several CoP variables: area in the bipedal support on a firm surface, and length, area and speed in the left leg on a firm surface. The program was rated as “somewhat hard” by the players, while quadriceps, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were the most exerted muscles while slacklining. In conclusion, slackline training can be an effective training tool for young, high-level soccer players.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Contrast Training Programs on Jump Performance in Rugby Union Players During a Competition Phase

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Nicholas D. Gill ◽  
Justin W.L. Keogh ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Will G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
High Level

Purpose:There is little literature comparing contrast training programs typically performed by team-sport athletes within a competitive phase. We compared the effects of two contrast training programs on a range of measures in high-level rugby union players during the competition season.Methods:The programs consisted of a higher volume-load (strength-power) or lower volume-load (speed-power) resistance training; each included a tapering of loading (higher force early in the week, higher velocity later in the week) and was performed twice a week for 4 wk. Eighteen players were assessed for peak power during a bodyweight countermovement jump (BWCMJ), bodyweight squat jump (BWSJ), 50 kg countermovement jump (50CMJ), 50 kg squat jump (50SJ), broad jump (BJ), and reactive strength index (RSI; jump height divided by contact time during a depth jump). Players were then randomized to either training group and were reassessed following the intervention. Inferences were based on uncertainty in outcomes relative to thresholds for standardized changes.Results:There were small between-group differences in favor of strength-power training for mean changes in the 50CMJ (8%; 90% confidence limits, ±8%), 50SJ (8%; ±10%), and BJ (2%; ±3%). Differences between groups for BWCMJ, BWSJ, and reactive strength index were unclear. For most measures there were smaller individual differences in changes with strength-power training.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that high-level rugby union athletes should be exposed to higher volume-load contrast training which includes one heavy lifting session each week for larger and more uniform adaptation to occur in explosive power throughout a competitive phase of the season.

Predicting Rugby League Tackle Outcomes Using Strength and Power Principal Components

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kellyanne J. Redman ◽  
Logan Wade ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly ◽  
Mark J. Connick ◽  
Emma M. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Back Squat

Purpose: Tackling is a fundamental skill in collision sports such as rugby league. Given the complexity of tackling and multitude of strength and power variables available for analysis, this study aimed to predict tackle outcomes in professional rugby league based on strength and power principal components (PCs). Methods: Twenty-eight rugby league players participated in this study. Maximal strength was assessed via 1 repetition maximum on the back squat, bench press, and bench pull. Lower-body vertical and horizontal power were evaluated using a countermovement jump and standing broad jump. A postmatch analysis of 5 National Rugby League matches was conducted to examine tackling outcomes. PC analysis was performed on the strength and power assessments. The first PCs were retained in each analysis, and a series of Spearman rank-order correlations were conducted between the tackle outcomes and the retained PCs. The PCs significantly related to tackle outcomes were included in the multiple regression analyses to estimate their effect on tackle outcomes. Results: Strength PC was a significant predictor of play-the-ball speed in attack, accounting for 54% of the variance. Countermovement jump PC was a significant predictor of postcontact meters, explaining 19% of the variance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a range of tackle outcomes may be predicted from strength and power components. The coaching staff may choose to develop programs and testing designed to focus on these components, which may further develop players’ tackle outcomes during competition.

Effects of Mental Fatigue Induced by Social Media Use on Volleyball Decision-Making, Endurance, and Countermovement Jump Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110405
Author(s):  
Leonardo S. Fortes ◽  
Fabiano S. Fonseca ◽  
Fabio Y. Nakamura ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Barbosa ◽  
Petrus Gantois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Time Interaction

We studied the effects of repeated inducements of mental fatigue (MF) from using social media on smartphones immediately before training sessions by young male volleyball athletes, focusing specifically on their decision-making, endurance, and countermovement jump performance (CMJ). We pair-matched 24 participants according to their decision-making abilities and then, randomly assigned them to one of two 4-week block training groups: control (CON) and smartphone use (SMA). For a 30-minute period before each training session, the CON group watched TV and the SMA group used social media apps on smartphones. We found a significant group x time interaction effect for decision making (attack, p = 0.03; passing, p = 0.02) during training blocks. More specifically, only the CON group improved their decision making (attack, p = 0.03; passing, p = 0.02). Both groups significantly improved their CMJ performance ( p = .01), with no significant group x time interaction effect for CMJ ( p = 0.91). Neither group significantly improved their endurance ( p = 0.56). We concluded that 30-minutes of repetitive social media app use on a smartphone immediately before 4-weeks of volleyball training sessions negatively affected decision-making in young male volleyball athletes.

scholarly journals Do differences between the training load perceived by elite beach volleyball players and that planned by coaches affect neuromuscular function? (¿Las diferencias entre la carga de entrenamiento percibida por los jugadores de voleibol de playa de élite y

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 632-636
Author(s):  
Ana Denise Andrade ◽  
Mário Simim ◽  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
José Manuel Palao ◽  
Karla De Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Previous Training

Summary. This study aimed to verify the differences between the training load planned by coaches and that perceived by Beach Volleyball (BV) players and observe the effects on athletes’ neuromuscular function. Three female BV players and well-known coaches participated in the research and were accompanied for three training weeks in the preseason phase. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected through the 0-10 scale during a previous training session. Strength, physical fitness and tactical-technical training have been assessed with coaches and athletes’ responses 30 minutes after the end of the session. RPE Session was calculated by the product between the training duration in minutes and RPE, to estimate Internal Training Load (ITL). Neuromuscular function was assessed through Countermovement Jump (CMJ). To verify differences between coaches and athletes’ responses and vertical jump performance were used either the magnitude of differences and clinical inference. Athletes experienced lower RPE and ITL as planned by coaches in the first week of training. CMJ increased substantially from the first to the third week (with likely differences (93/03/04), standardized difference = 1.60 and 90% confidence intervals = 0.00; 3.21). We suggest that training load planned by coaches similar to that perceived by athletes have a concomitant improvement with neuromuscular performance.Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las diferencias entre la carga de entrenamiento planificada por los entrenadores y la percibida por los jugadores de voleibol de playa (VP) y observar los efectos sobre la función neuromuscular de los atletas. Tres jugadoras de VP y entrenadores conocidos participaron en la investigación y fueron acompañadas durante tres semanas de entrenamiento en la fase de pretemporada. El valor nominal del esfuerzo percibido (NEP) se recolectó a través de la escala 0-10 durante una sesión de entrenamiento anterior. La fuerza, la forma física y el entrenamiento táctico-técnico se evaluaron con las respuestas de los entrenadores y atletas 30 minutos después del final de la sesión. El producto calculó la sesión de NEP entre la duración del entrenamiento en minutos y el NEP, para estimar la carga interna de entrenamiento (CIE). La función neuromuscular se evaluó mediante salto contramovimiento (SCM). Para verificar las diferencias entre los entrenadores y las respuestas de los atletas y el rendimiento del salto vertical, se utilizó la magnitud de las diferencias y la inferencia clínica. Los atletas experimentaron menos NEP e CIE que fueron planificados por los entrenadores en la primera semana de entrenamiento. SCM aumentó sustancialmente de la primera a la tercera semana (con diferencias probables (93/03/04), diferencia estandarizada = 1.60 e intervalos de confianza del 90% = 0.00; 3.21). Sugerimos que la carga de entrenamiento planificada por entrenadores similar a la percibida por los atletas tenga una mejora concomitante con el rendimiento neuromuscular.

scholarly journals Impact of Accommodating Resistance in Potentiating Horizontal-Jump Performance in Professional Rugby League Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229
Author(s):  
Alasdair Strokosch ◽  
Loic Louit ◽  
Laurent Seitz ◽  
Richard Clarke ◽  
Jonathan D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Back Squat

This study investigated the efficacy of deadlifts and box squats, with a combination of traditional and accommodating resistance, as a postactivation potentiating stimulus of standing broad jumps (SBJ) in a multiple-set contrast protocol. Twelve professional rugby league players (21.4 [2.5] y; 181.3 [8.3] cm, 91.9 [8.8] kg; 1-repetition-maximum [1RM] back squat/body mass 1.59 [0.21]; 1RM deadlift/body mass 2.11 [0.25]; ≥3-y resistance-training experience) performed baseline SBJ before a contrast postactivation potentiating protocol involving 2 repetitions of 85% 1RM box squat or deadlifts, loaded with a combination of traditional barbell weight (70% 1RM) and elastic-band resistance (∼15% 1RM), followed by 2 SBJs. Exercises were separated by 90 s, and 4 contrast pairs were performed in total. Using a repeated-measures design, all subjects performed the squat followed by the deadlift and finally the control (SBJ only) condition in the same order across consecutive weeks. Changes from baseline in SBJ distance were moderate for the box squat (effect size [ES] = 0.64–1.03) and deadlift (ES = 0.80–0.96) and trivial in the control condition (ES = 0.02–0.11). The magnitude of differences in postactivation potentiating effect were considered moderate (d = 0.61) for set 1, trivial for set 2 (d = 0.10) and set 3 (d = 0.05) in favor of box squats, and moderate for set 4 (d = 0.58) in favor of deadlifts. Accommodating resistance in either box squats or deadlifts is an effective means of potentiating SBJ performance across multiple sets of a contrast protocol with only 90-s rest.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methods of Calculating Dynamic Strength Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Christopher Thomas ◽  
Thomas Dos’Santos ◽  
Paul A. Jones ◽  
Timothy J. Suchomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Very High

Purpose: To determine the reliability and variability of the Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) calculated from squat-jump (SJ) vs countermovement-jump (CMJ) peak force (PF) and to compare DSI values between methods. Methods: Male youth soccer and rugby league players (N = 27; age 17.2 ± 0.7 y, height 173.9 ± 5.7 cm, body mass 71.1 ± 7.2 kg) performed 3 trials of the SJ, CMJ, and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) on 2 separate days. DSI was calculated by dividing the PF during each jump by the IMTP PF. Results: DSI-SJ exhibited moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .419) within-session reliability and high variability (percentage coefficient of variation [%CV] = 15.91) during session 1; however, this improved noticeably during session 2 (ICC = .948, %CV = 4.03). In contrast, DSI-CMJ showed nearly perfect within-session reliability (ICC = .920–.952) and low variability (%CV = 3.80–4.57) for both sessions. Moreover, DSI-SJ values demonstrated a small yet significant increase between sessions (P = .01, d = 0.37), whereas only a trivial and nonsignificant increase was observed for DSI-CMJ between sessions (P = .796, d = 0.07). Between-sessions reliability was very high for the DSI-SJ (ICC = .741) and nearly perfect for the DSI-CMJ (ICC = .924). There was no significant or meaningful difference (P = .261, d = 0.12) between DSI-SJ (0.82 ± 0.18) and DSI-CMJ (0.84 ± 0.15). Conclusions: Practitioners should use DSI-CMJ, as it is a more reliable measure than DSI-SJ, although it produces similar ratios.

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