Effect of Previous-Day Alcohol Ingestion on Muscle Function and Performance of Severe-Intensity Exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alex G. Shaw ◽  
Sungwon Chae ◽  
Danielle E. Levitt ◽  
Jonathan L. Nicholson ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Alcohol Dose ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Many athletes report consuming alcohol the day before their event, which might negatively affect their performance. However, the effects of previous-day alcohol ingestion on performance are equivocal, in part, due to no standardization of alcohol dose in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a standardized previous-day alcohol dose and its corresponding impact on morning-after muscular strength, muscular power, and muscular fatigue in a short-duration test and on performance of severe-intensity exercise. Methods: On 2 occasions, 12 recreationally active individuals reported to the Applied Physiology Laboratory in the evening and ingested a beverage containing either 1.09 g ethanol·kg−1 fat-free body mass (ALC condition) or water (PLA condition). The following morning, they completed a hangover symptom questionnaire, vertical jumps, isometric midthigh pulls, biceps curls, and a constant-power cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. The responses from ALC and PLA were compared using paired-means t tests. Results: Time to exhaustion in the cycle ergometer tests was less (P = .03) in the ALC condition (181 [39] s vs 203 [34] s; –11%, Cohen d = 0.61). There was no difference in performance in vertical jump test, isometric midthigh pulls, and biceps curls tests between the ALC and PLA conditions. Conclusions: Previous-day alcohol consumption significantly reduces morning-after performance of severe-intensity exercise. Practitioners should educate their athletes, especially those whose events rely on anaerobic capacity and/or a rapid response of the aerobic pathways, of the adverse effect of previous-day alcohol consumption on performance.

scholarly journals Impact of evening alcohol consumption on nocturnal autonomic and cardiovascular function in adult men and women: a dose–response laboratory investigation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano de Zambotti ◽  
Mohamad Forouzanfar ◽  
Harold Javitz ◽  
Aimee Goldstone ◽  
Stephanie Claudatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Alcohol Dose ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the dose-dependent impact of moderate alcohol intake on sleep-related cardiovascular (CV) function, in adult men and women. Methods A total of 26 healthy adults (30–60 years; 11 women) underwent 3 nights of laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) recordings in which different doses of alcohol (low: 1 standard drink for women and 2 drinks for men; high: 3 standard drinks for women and 4 drinks for men; placebo: no alcohol) were administered in counterbalanced order before bedtime. These led to bedtime average breath alcohol levels of up to 0.02% for the low doses and around 0.05% for the high doses. Autonomic and CV function were evaluated using electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring. Results Presleep alcohol ingestion resulted in an overall increase in nocturnal heart rate (HR), suppressed total and high-frequency (vagal) HR variability, reduced baroreflex sensitivity, and increased sympathetic activity, with effects pronounced after high-dose alcohol ingestion (p’s < 0.05); these changes followed different dose- and measure-dependent nocturnal patterns in men and women. Systolic blood pressure showed greater increases during the morning hours of the high-alcohol dose night compared to the low-alcohol dose night and placebo, in women only (p’s < 0.05). Conclusions Acute evening alcohol consumption, even at moderate doses, has marked dose- and time-dependent effects on sleep CV regulation in adult men and women. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential CV risk of repeated alcohol-related alterations in nighttime CV restoration in healthy individuals and in those at high risk for CV diseases, considering sex and alcohol dose and time effects.

Reliability of the Three-minute All-out Test for Non-motorized Treadmill Tethered Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (08) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gama ◽  
F.A. Sousa ◽  
I.G. dos Reis ◽  
C. Gobatto
Keyword(s):  
Critical Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Power Model ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Protocol Adaptation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Power Evaluation

AbstractThe 3-min all-out test was developed and validated on a cycle ergometer using a modification of a linear mathematical equation (1/time vs. power) obtained from the original critical power model. The purpose of this development was to obtain, in a single test, the aerobic and anaerobic capacity parameters and identify the exercise transition moment from heavy to severe intensity. The aim of this study was to propose an adaptation of the all-out 3-min cycle ergometer to a non-motorized treadmill with tethered running. In addition, we tested the reproducibility of this adapted protocol, highlighting the need for mechanical power evaluation using a specific ergometer. Consequently, 10 physically active individuals visited the laboratory 4 times for testing and data collection. The results suggested that the protocol adaptation for the 3-min all-out test for non-motorized treadmill with tethered running was reproducible and feasible. It was also possible to show that the AO3 application in this ergometer ensures the specificity of the sports that involve the running exercise, from assessment of both aerobic and anaerobic parameters, accomplished in a single day of application.

Morning–evening differences in response to exhaustive severe-intensity exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Severe Intensity

The aim was to investigate the effect of time of day on 4 variables that are related to sport performance. Twenty healthy young men (mean ± SD: 22 ± 3 years, 1.78 ± 0.08 m, 72.0 ± 7.0 kg) performed exhaustive severe-intensity cycle ergometer tests at 278 ± 35 W (3.8 ± 0.4 W·kg–1) in the morning (between 0630 h and 0930 h) and in the evening (between 1700 h and 2000 h). Despite that gross efficiency was lower in the evening (estimated oxygen demand was 6% higher, P < 0.05), time to exhaustion was 20% greater (P < 0.01) in the evening (329 ± 35 s) than in the morning (275 ± 29 s). Performance in the evening was associated with a 4% higher (P < 0.01) maximal oxygen uptake (54 ± 7 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 52 ± 6 mL·kg–1·min–1, for the evening and the morning, respectively) and a 7% higher (P < 0.01) anaerobic capacity (as reflected by maximal accumulated oxygen deficit: 75 ± 9 mL·kg–1 vs. 70 ± 7 mL·kg–1, for the evening and the morning, respectively). In addition, oxygen uptake kinetics was faster in the evening, which resulted in slower utilization of the anaerobic reserves. It is concluded that modest morning–evening differences in maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic capacity, and oxygen uptake kinetics conflate to produce a markedly longer performance in the evening than in the morning. Time of day must be considered for exercise testing and perhaps for exercise training.

Determination of Accumulated O2 Deficit in Exhaustive Short-Duration Exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Two Parameters

Usually, an initial step in determining accumulated O2 deficit is the estimation of the O2 demand of high intensity exercise by extrapolation from [Formula: see text] measured during steady-state submaximal exercise. It was hypothesized that O2 deficit could be determined without the need to estimate O2 demand by extrapolation. Ten women performed all-out cycle ergometer exercise tests at each of four power outputs selected so that exhaustion would occur after 90 to 600 s. Power output (W), accumulated VO2 (ml), and time to exhaustion (s) were measured in each test and then fit to the following equation: O2 deficit (ml) = O2 demand (ml∙min−1∙W−1)∙time (min)∙power (W) - accumulated VO2 (ml). This procedure generated values for two parameters (O2 demand and O2 deficit) for each subject. The O2 deficit was also calculated for each individual using conventional methods. The values for O2 deficit obtained using the two methods were correlated (r =.96, p <.01), and the value obtained using the experimental method tended to be larger, t(9) = 2.15, p =.06. It is concluded that O2 demand and O2 deficit can be determined from the results of several high-intensity tests without the need to extrapolate from submaximal exercise to estimate the O2 demands of supramaximal exercise. Key words: anaerobic, anaerobic capacity

The Impact of Making Weight on Physiological and Cognitive Processes in Elite Jockeys

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eimear Dolan ◽  
SarahJane Cullen ◽  
Adrian McGoldrick ◽  
Giles D. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity

Purpose:To examine the impact of making weight on aerobic work capacity and cognitive processes in a group of professional jockeys.Methods:Nine male jockeys and 9 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched controls were recruited to take part in two experimental trials, conducted 48 hr apart. The jockeys were asked to reduce their body mass by 4% in the 48 hr between trials, and controls maintained usual dietary and physical activity habits between trials. Aerobic work capacity was assessed by performance during an incremental cycle ergometer test. Motor response, decision making, executive function, and working memory were assessed using a computerized cognitive test battery.Results:The jockey group significantly reduced their body mass by 3.6 ± 0.9% (p < .01). Mean urine specific gravity (Usg) readings increased from 1.019 ± 0.004–1.028 ± 0.005 (p < .01) following this reduction in body mass. Peak work capacity was significantly reduced between trials in the jockey group (213 ± 27 vs. 186 ± 23 W, p < .01), although VO2peak (46.4 ± 3.7 vs. 47.2 ± 6.3 ml·kg·min-1) remained unchanged. No changes were identified for any cognitive variable in the jockey group between trials.Conclusion:Simulation of race day preparation, by allocating a weight that is 4% below baseline body mass caused all jockeys to report for repeat testing in a dehydrated state, and a reduction in aerobic work capacity, both of which may impact on racing performance.

Effect of plasma donation and blood donation on aerobic and anaerobic responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill ◽  
Jakob L. Vingren ◽  
Samantha D. Burdette
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Plasma Donation ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Text Response

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of plasma donation and blood donation on responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise. Nineteen young men and women performed exhaustive cycle ergometer tests at ∼3.3 W·kg−1 before and then 2 h, 2 days, and 7 days after withdrawal of either 8–10 mL·kg−1 (∼700 mL) of plasma (n = 10) or 1 unit (450 mL) of whole blood (n = 9). Time to exhaustion was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after the removal of plasma (−11% after 2 h) and after the removal of blood (−19% after 2 h and −7% after 2 days). Maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) was not affected by plasma donation, but [Formula: see text] was reduced following blood withdrawal (−15% after 2 h, −10% after 2 days, and −7% after 7 days) presumably because of effects on blood volume, total haemoglobin content, and haemoglobin concentration. The kinetics of the oygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response was not affected by either intervention. Two measures of anaerobic capacity, postexercise blood lactate concentration, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit were reduced (−14%, −15%, respectively) 2 h after plasma donation, but neither was affected by blood donation. Removal of plasma and removal of blood have different effects on blood constituency, on the [Formula: see text] response, and on performance. Plasma donation appears to affect exercise performance because of reduced anaerobic capacity, whereas blood donation affects performance because of lowered [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals COVID-19 Perceived Impact and Psychological Variables as Predictors of Unhealthy Food and Alcohol Consumption Trajectories: The Role of Gender and Living with Children as Moderators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4542
Author(s):  
Camila Salazar-Fernández ◽  
Daniela Palet ◽  
Paola A. Haeger ◽  
Francisca Román Mella
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Mental Health Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The present study examines the trajectories of unhealthy food and alcohol consumption over time and considers whether perceived impact of COVID-19 and psychological variables are predictors of these trajectories. We ascertained whether these predictors are different in women vs. men and between women living with vs. without children. Data were collected through online surveys administered to 1038 participants from two universities (staff and students) in Chile, across five waves (July to October 2020). Participants provided information about their past-week unhealthy food and alcohol consumption and mental health. Using latent growth curve modeling analysis, we found that higher perceived health and interpersonal COVID-19 impact, younger age and lower depression symptoms were associated with more rapid increases over time in unhealthy food consumption. On the other hand, higher perceived COVID-19 economic impact and older age were associated with more rapid diachronic decreases in alcohol consumption. Gender and living with or without children, for women only, were moderators of these trajectories. This longitudinal study provides strong evidence identifying the multiple repercussions of COVID-19 and mental health factors on unhealthy food and alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the need for interventions aimed at minimizing the impact of the pandemic on unhealthy food and alcohol consumption over time.

Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Matched-severe Exercise and Power-duration Relationship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Catarina Sousa ◽  
Gregoire P. Millet ◽  
João Viana ◽  
Jaime Milheiro ◽  
Vítor Reis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
V̇o2 Kinetics ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Severe Exercise ◽  
Duration Relationship

AbstractWe investigated the effects of hypoxia on matched-severe intensity exercise and on the parameters of the power-duration relationship. Fifteen trained subjects performed in both normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2=0.13, ~3000 m) a maximal incremental test, a 3 min all-out test (3AOT) and a transition from rest to an exercise performed to exhaustion (Tlim) at the same relative intensity (80%∆). Respiratory and pulmonary gas-exchange variables were continuously measured (K5, Cosmed, Italy). Tlim test’s V̇O2 kinetics was calculated using a two-component exponential model. V̇O2max (44.1±5.1 vs. 58.7±6.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0.001) was decreased in hypoxia. In Tlim, time-to-exhaustion sustained was similar (454±130 vs. 484±169 s) despite that V̇O2 kinetics was slower (τ1: 31.1±5.8 vs. 21.6±4.7 s, p<0.001) and the amplitude of the V̇O2 slow component lower (12.4±5.4 vs. 20.2±5.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, p<0.05) in hypoxia. CP was reduced (225±35 vs. 270±49 W, p<0.001) but W’ was unchanged (11.3±2.9 vs. 11.4±2.7 kJ) in hypoxia. The changes in CP/V̇O2max were positively correlated with changes in W’ (r = 0.58, p<0.05). The lower oxygen availability had an impact on aerobic related physiological parameters, but exercise tolerance is similar between hypoxia and normoxia when the relative intensity is matched despite a slower V̇O2 kinetics in hypoxia.

Electrically-induced quadriceps fatigue in the contralateral leg impairs ipsilateral knee extensors performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra ◽  
Markus Amann ◽  
Emine Kirmizi ◽  
Gaia Giuriato ◽  
Chiara Barbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Crossover Effect ◽  
The Impact

Muscle fatigue induced by voluntary exercise, which requires central motor drive, causes central fatigue that impairs endurance performance of a different, non-fatigued muscle. This study investigated the impact of quadriceps fatigue induced by electrically-induced (no central motor drive) contractions on single-leg knee-extension (KE) performance of the subsequently exercising ipsilateral quadriceps. On two separate occasions, eight males completed constant-load (85% of maximal power-output) KE exercise to exhaustion. In a counterbalanced manner, subjects performed the KE exercise with no pre-existing quadriceps fatigue in the contralateral leg on one day (No-PreF), while on the other day, the same KE exercise was repeated following electrically-induced quadriceps fatigue in the contralateral leg (PreF). Quadriceps fatigue was assessed by evaluating pre- to post-exercise changes in potentiated twitch force (ΔQtw,pot; peripheral-fatigue), and voluntary muscle activation (ΔVA; central-fatigue). As reflected by the 57±11% reduction in electrically-evoked pulse force, the electrically-induced fatigue protocol caused significant knee-extensors fatigue. KE endurance time to exhaustion was shorter during PreF compared to No-PreF (4.6±1.2 vs 7.7±2.4 min; p<0.01). While ΔQtw,pot was significantly larger in No-PreF compared to PreF (-60% vs -52%, p<0.05), ΔVA was greater in PreF (-14% vs -10%, p<0.05). Taken together, electrically-induced quadriceps fatigue in the contralateral leg limits KE endurance performance and the development of peripheral fatigue in the ipsilateral leg. These findings support the hypothesis that the crossover-effect of central fatigue is mainly mediated by group III/IV muscle afferent feedback and suggest that impairments associated with central motor drive may only play a minor role in this phenomenon.

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