Age Stratification and Sample Entropy Analysis Enhance the Limits of Stability Tests for Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senia Smoot Reinert ◽  
Allison L. Kinney ◽  
Kurt Jackson ◽  
Wiebke Diestelkamp ◽  
Kimberly Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Limits Of Stability ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Young Old

The objective of this study was to determine if a foam testing condition and/or nonlinear analysis methods can be used to identify differences between age stratified subgroups of older adults when conducting the Limits of Stability assessment. Ninety older adults participated in this study. A force plate was used to record center of pressure data during Limits of Stability testing on a firm and foam surface. Participants were grouped into age-stratified subgroups: young-old (60–69 years), middle-old (70–79 years), and old-old (80+ years). Anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) sway ranges and sample entropy values were calculated. The young-old group had significantly larger A/P and M/L sway ranges than the old-old group on both surfaces. A/P sample entropy increased significantly with age. M/L sample entropy increased significantly with age between the young-old and old-old and the middle-old and old-old groups. Sample entropy values between surfaces significantly differed for all groups. These results indicate Limits of Stability differences occur between older adults of different age groups and should be taken into consideration for clinical and research testing. Nonlinear analysis may help further identify differences in Limits of Stability performance while use of a foam surface is of limited additional value.

scholarly journals Housing Transitions and Recovery of Older Adults Following Hurricane Sandy

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis A Merdjanoff ◽  
Rachael Piltch-Loeb ◽  
Sarah Friedman ◽  
David M Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Emergency Housing ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Objectives This study explores the effects of social and environmental disruption on emergency housing transitions among older adults following Hurricane Sandy. It is based upon the Sandy Child and Family Health (S-CAFH) Study, an observational cohort of 1,000 randomly sampled New Jersey residents living in the nine counties most affected by Sandy. Methods This analysis examines the post-Sandy housing transitions and recovery of the young-old (55–64), mid-old (65–74), and old-old (75+) compared with younger adults (19–54). We consider length of displacement, number of places stayed after Sandy, the housing host (i.e., family only, friends only, or multi-host), and self-reported recovery. Results Among all age groups, the old-old (75+) reported the highest rates of housing damage and were more likely to stay in one place besides their home, as well as stay with family rather than by themselves after the storm. Despite this disruption, the old-old were most likely to have recovered from Hurricane Sandy. Discussion Findings suggest that the old-old were more resilient to Hurricane Sandy than younger age groups. Understanding the unique post-disaster housing needs of older adults can help identify critical points of intervention for their post-disaster recovery.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Weight Carrying Methods On Human Gait and Balance During Obstacle Negotiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Fang Yang ◽  
Junxia Zhang ◽  
Wayne Giang ◽  
Mustafa Yerebakan ◽  
Boyi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Weight Carrying ◽  
Healthy Participants

In this study, the influence of different external weight distribution on human gait and balance during obstacle negotiation maneuvers different age groups was investigated. Eight healthy participants performed different walking tasks on a force plate embedded walkway with different loading while their gait performance was evaluated. Results demonstrated that older adults showed significantly deteriorated gait performance and increased variability during the obstacle crossing phase. In addition, weight distribution also affected human gait performance significantly. Results of the current study provide useful data for new approaches to design improvements which will enhance human performance and prevent falling injuries.

Single-Leg Balance Performance in Sub-Elite Young Soccer Players and Swimmers as a Function of Age and Sports Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leinen ◽  
Thomas Muehlbauer ◽  
Stefan Panzer
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The present study investigated if accumulated, advanced, regular soccer practice (balance-demanding exercise) compared to regular swim practice (non-balance–demanding exercise) induces a more pronounced functional specialization in postural control. Therefore, single-leg balance performance in sub-elite young soccer players (under 13 [U13]: n = 16; U15: n = 18; U19: n = 15), and sub-elite young swimmers (U13: n = 7; U15: n = 4; U19: n = 5) was tested in different balance task conditions (i.e., static and dynamic balance on firm and foam surface). All athletes practiced 3–10 times per week. Single-leg balance of the dominant and non-dominant leg was measured using a force plate. The standard deviation of the center of pressure displacements in anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions were used as dependent variables. Irrespective of age groups and type of sport, the results failed to indicate significant leg differences in single-leg balance performance. The soccer players showed significant better single-leg balance performance in anterior-posterior direction in the dynamic balance test on the firm and foam surface compared to the swimmers. Functional specialization was accompanied by the type of sport but not by accumulated practice.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Justyna Kędziorek ◽  
Michalina Błażkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities

Conventional biomechanical analyses of human movement have been generally derived from linear mathematics. While these methods can be useful in many situations, they fail to describe the behavior of the human body systems that are predominately nonlinear. For this reason, nonlinear analyses have become more prevalent in recent literature. These analytical techniques are typically investigated using concepts related to variability, stability, complexity, and adaptability. This review aims to investigate the application of nonlinear metrics to assess postural stability. A systematic review was conducted of papers published from 2009 to 2019. Databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science-Direct and EBSCO. The main inclusion consisted of: Sample entropy, fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent used as nonlinear measures, and assessment of the variability of the center of pressure during standing using force plate. Following screening, 43 articles out of the initial 1100 were reviewed including 33 articles on sample entropy, 10 articles on fractal dimension, and 4 papers on the Lyapunov exponent. This systematic study shows the reductions in postural regularity related to aging and the disease or injures in the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how the predictability changes with different task constraints.

The Effects of Aging and Dual Tasking on Human Gait Complexity During Treadmill Walking: A Comparative Study Using Quantized Dynamical Entropy and Sample Entropy

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Ahmadi ◽  
Christine Wu ◽  
Nariman Sepehri ◽  
Anuprita Kantikar ◽  
Mayur Nankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Dynamical Entropy ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Quantized dynamical entropy (QDE) has recently been proposed as a new measure to quantify the complexity of dynamical systems with the purpose of offering a better computational efficiency. This paper further investigates the viability of this method using five different human gait signals. These signals are recorded while normal walking and while performing secondary tasks among two age groups (young and older age groups). The results are compared with the outcomes of previously established sample entropy (SampEn) measure for the same signals. We also study how analyzing segmented and spatially and temporally normalized signal differs from analyzing whole data. Our findings show that human gait signals become more complex as people age and while they are cognitively loaded. Center of pressure (COP) displacement in mediolateral direction is the best signal for showing the gait changes. Moreover, the results suggest that by segmenting data, more information about intrastride dynamical features are obtained. Most importantly, QDE is shown to be a reliable measure for human gait complexity analysis.

Trunk Extensor Muscle Fatigue Does Not Affect Postural Control during Upright Static Stance in Young-adults and Middle-aged Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Delgado ◽  
Chelsea Coghlin ◽  
Katelyn Earle ◽  
Andrea Holek ◽  
Kate O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Trunk Extensor

Background. Falls can be extremely detrimental to someone’s daily living, as well as life threatening This is especially true for individuals who have back problems, are sedentary, and have other health disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk extensor muscles fatigue on static postural control in young healthy adults compared to middle aged subjects. Methods. University students (n=10), and Middle-aged subjects (n=6; 40+ years of age) stood as immobile as possible on a force plate, with their feet together and eyes closed under two conditions; Fatigue and No fatigue. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive extensions of the trunk until a subjective fatigue level was reached. We measured center of pressure (CoP) displacements in the A/P and M/L planes using a force plate to assess standing balance. Findings. We did not observe any significant interaction between age and fatigue indicating that fatigue affected both age groups similarly. The CoP variability was higher for the middle aged compared to the young adults in both the fatigue and no-fatigue conditions. Interpretation. The results of this study indicate that trunk extensor fatigue does not affect balance differently for young compared to middle-aged subjects. This study also suggests that postural control decreases significantly with increasing age. Our finding that trunk extensor fatigue did not significantly affect the postural control of upright stance contradicts previous studies; this difference may be due to the subject sample in our study.

scholarly journals The associations between social, built and geophysical environment and age-specific dementia mortality among older adults in a high-density Asian city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Chak Ho ◽  
Kenneth N.K. Fong ◽  
Ta-Chien Chan ◽  
Yuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Density ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Regional Air Pollution

Abstract Background: Although socio-environmental factors which may affect dementia have widely been studied, the mortality of dementia and socio-environmental relationships among older adults have seldom been discussed.Method: A retrospective, observational study based on territory-wide register-based data was conducted to evaluate the relationships of four individual-level social measures, two community-level social measures, six short-term (temporally varying) environmental measures, and four long-term (spatially varying) environmental measures with dementia mortality among older adults in a high-density Asian city (Hong Kong), for the following decedents: 1) all deaths: age >=65, 2) “old-old”: age >= 85, 3) “mid-old”: aged 75 - 84, and 4) “young-old”: aged 65 – 74.Results: This study identified 5438 deaths (3771 old-old; 1439 mid-old; 228 young-old) from dementia out of 228,600 all-cause deaths among older adults in Hong Kong between 2007 and 2014. Generally, regional air pollution, being unmarried or female, older age, and daily O3 were associated with higher dementia mortality, while more urban compactness and greenness were linked to lower dementia mortality among older adults. Specifically, being unmarried and the age effect were associated with higher dementia mortality among the “old-old”, “mid-old” and “young-old”. Regional air pollution was linked to increased dementia mortality, while urban compactness and greenness were associated with lower dementia mortality among the “old-old” and “mid-old”. Higher daily O3 had higher dementia mortality, while districts with a greater percentage of residents whose native language is not Cantonese were linked to lower dementia mortality among the “old-old”. Economic inactivity was associated with increased dementia mortality among the “young-old”. Gender effect varied by age.Conclusion: The difference in strengths of association of various factors with dementia mortality among different age groups implies the need for a comprehensive framework for community health planning. In particular, strategies for air quality control, usage of greenspace and social space, and activity engagement to reduce vulnerability at all ages are warranted.

scholarly journals Predictors of Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Age Group: Based on the 2017 National Survey of Older Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9600
Author(s):  
Jinheum Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Cha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Young Old

Owing to a growing older adult population, dementia is emerging as an important health issue. Given that maintaining cognitive functions is crucial for the prevention of dementia, this study aimed to identify the predictors of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults, through a secondary data analysis of the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. A total of 9836 participants were classified into three age groups—young-old (65–74 years), old-old (75–84 years), and oldest-old (≥85 years)—and were separately analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The final model explained 28.0%, 35.0%, and 37.0% of variance in cognitive function in the three age groups, respectively. The most potent predictors of cognitive function in the young-old were electronic device-based activities, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and nutrition management; the predictors for the old-old group were electronic device-based activities, IADL, and dementia screening, and those for the oldest-old group were frequency of contact with acquaintances, traveling, and religion. Thus, age group-specific interventions are needed to effectively promote cognitive function among older adults. Digital literacy education, use of community-based elderly welfare programs, opportunities for social interactions, and physical activities can help older adults in maintaining a functional status and muscle strengthening.

scholarly journals Analysis of Center of Pressure Signals by Using Decision Tree and Empirical Mode Decomposition to Predict Falls among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fang-Yin Liao ◽  
Chun-Chang Wu ◽  
Yi-Chun Wei ◽  
Li-Wei Chou ◽  
Kang-Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
History Of

Falls put older adults at great risk and are related to the body’s sense of balance. This study investigated how to detect the possibility of high fall risk subjects among older adults. The original signal is based on center of pressure (COP) measured using a force plate. The falling group includes 29 subjects who had a history of falls in the year preceding this study or had received high scores on the Short Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). The nonfalling group includes 47 enrollees with no history of falls and who had received low scores on the Short FES. The COP in both the anterior–posterior and mediolateral direction were calculated and analyzed through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) up to six levels. The following five features were extracted and imported to a decision tree algorithm: root-mean-square deviation, median frequency, total frequency power, approximate entropy, and sample entropy. The results showed that there were a larger number of statistically different feature parameters, and a higher classification of accuracy was obtained. With the aid of empirical mode decomposition, the average classification accuracy increased 10% and achieved a level of 99.74% in the training group and 96.77% in the testing group, respectively.

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