The Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Thickness and Static Postural Balance in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Ece Acar ◽  
Tamer Çankaya ◽  
Serkan Öner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stability Area

Trunk muscles are required for safety of movement in aging. The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between trunk muscle thickness and the static postural balance in older adults. A total of 31 females and 23 males with a mean age of 73.39 ± 6.09 completed the study. The thickness of the trunk muscles was determined with ultrasound imaging. Postural balance was assessed with force plate. There was a positive weak correlation between right and left upper rectus abdominis muscle thickness and anterior stability area (p < .05, r > .3). The negative and moderate correlation was determined between the left lower rectus abdominis and the perturbated stability sway value (p < .01, r > .5). The increase in trunk muscle thickness in older adults increases the postural stability area and decreases the postural sway especially in the mediolateral direction.

scholarly journals The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Shirahata ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Sanehiro Yogi ◽  
Kaiji Inoue ◽  
Mamoru Niitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical inactivity due to cachexia and muscle wasting is well recognized as a sign of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there have been no reports on the relationship between trunk muscle measurements and energy expenditure parameters, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL), in COPD. In this study, we investigated the associations of computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle area and density measurements with clinical parameters, including TEE and PAL, in patients with or at risk for COPD, and examined whether these muscle measurements serve as an indicator of TEE and PAL. Methods The study population consisted of 36 male patients with (n = 28, stage 1–4) and at risk for (n = 8) COPD aged over 50 years. TEE was measured by the doubly labeled water method, and PAL was calculated as the TEE/basal metabolic rate estimated by the indirect method. The cross-sectional areas and densities of the pectoralis muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, and erector spinae muscles were measured. We evaluated the relationship between these muscle measurements and clinical outcomes, including body composition, lung function, muscle strength, TEE, and PAL. Results All the muscle areas were significantly associated with TEE, severity of emphysema, and body composition indices such as body mass index, fat-free mass, and trunk muscle mass. All trunk muscle densities were correlated with PAL. The product of the rectus abdominis muscle area and density showed the highest association with TEE (r = 0.732) and PAL (r = 0.578). Several trunk muscle measurements showed significant correlations with maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating their roles in respiration. Conclusions CT-derived measurements for trunk muscles are helpful in evaluating physical status and function in patients with or at risk for COPD. Particularly, trunk muscle evaluation may be a useful marker reflecting TEE and PAL.

Relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness using bioelectrical impedance analysis and ultrasound imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ryo Miyachi ◽  
Nana Koike ◽  
Suzu Kodama ◽  
Junya Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Trunk Muscle Strength

BACKGROUND: Although trunk muscles are involved in many important functions, evaluating trunk muscle strength is not an easy task. If trunk muscle mass and thickness could be used as indicators of trunk muscle strength, the burden of measurement would be reduced, but the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass and thickness has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between trunk muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging in healthy adults. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one healthy university students were included in this study. Trunk flexion/extension muscle strength and trunk muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and trunk muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging were measured. RESULTS: Both trunk flexion strength and trunk extension strength were significantly correlated with trunk muscle mass and oblique and rectus abdominis muscle thickness. Multiple regression analysis showed that trunk extension muscle strength had an independent relationship with trunk muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that trunk muscle mass or trunk muscle thickness can be used as an alternative means for evaluating trunk muscle strength, making the evaluation of trunk muscles less burdensome.

scholarly journals Manual tracking impairs postural stability in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
Anna Rossiter ◽  
Matthew J Allsop ◽  
Rachael K Raw ◽  
Lindsay Howard ◽  
Raymond J Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manual Performance

Introduction Older adults show increased postural sway and a greater risk of falls when completing activities with high cognitive demands. While dual-task approaches have clarified an association between cognitive processes and postural control, it is unclear how manual ability, which is also required for the successful completion of cognitively demanding tasks (such as putting a key into a lock), affects this relationship. Method Kinematic technology was used to explore the relationship between postural sway and manual control in healthy younger and older adults. Participants ( n = 82) remained standing to complete a visual-motor tracking task on a tablet computer. Root mean square tracking error measured manual performance, and a balance board measured deviations in centre of pressure as a marker of postural sway. Results Older adults displayed poorer manual accuracy and increased postural sway across all testing conditions. Conclusions Cognitive capacity can interact with multiple task demands, and in turn affect postural sway in older adults. Improving our understanding of factors that influence postural control will assist falls-prevention efforts and inform clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effects of orthopedic insoles on static balance of older adults wearing thick socks

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Zong-Hao Ma ◽  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Anson Hong-Ping Wan ◽  
Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Orthopedic Insoles

Background: The wearing of socks and insoles may affect the ability of the foot to detect tactile input influencing postural balance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether (1) thick socks adversely affected the elderly postural balance and (2) orthopedic insoles could improve the elderly postural balance while wearing thick socks. Study design: Repeated-measures study design. Methods: In total, 14 healthy older adults were recruited. A monofilament test was conducted to evaluate foot plantar sensation with and without thick socks. Subjects then performed the Romberg tests under three conditions: (1) barefoot, (2) with socks only, and (3) with both socks and insoles. Postural balance was assessed by measuring the center of pressure movement during standing in each experimental condition. Results: Thick socks significantly decreased the monofilament score ( p < 0.001), suggesting reduction in ability to detect external forces. All center of pressure parameters increased significantly while wearing thick socks ( p < 0.017), implying reduction of postural stability. They then decreased significantly with the additional use of insoles ( p < 0.017). Conclusion: Previous studies have documented the changes in plantar pressure distribution with the use of orthopedic insoles. This study further suggests that such changes in contact mechanics could produce some balance-improving effects, which appears not to have been reported earlier. Clinical relevance Wearing thick socks reduces plantar pressure sensitivity and increases postural sway which may increase risk of falls. Orthopedic insoles and footwear with similar design could potentially be a cost-effective method in maintaining postural balance when wearing thick socks.

scholarly journals Effects of age and task difficulty on postural sway, variability and complexity

2020 ◽  
pp. 105971232096397
Author(s):  
Mohsen Shafizadeh ◽  
Shahab Parvinpour ◽  
Marzie Balali ◽  
Mohsen Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical Challenges ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to examine the effects of age and the task difficulty on postural sway, variability and complexity. The participants were 90 able-bodied individuals including children ( n = 39; age: 5.89 ± 0.94 years), young adults ( n = 30; age: 23.23 ± 1.61 years) and older adults ( n = 21; age: 64.59 ± 5.24 years) who took part in different balance tasks that had different levels of cognitive and physical challenges. The main dependent variables were postural sway area, postural variability and postural complexity. The participants stood on a standard force plate for 10 s in each task condition, and the centre of pressure displacement was collected at 100-Hz sampling frequency. The results of this study showed that children and older adults, in the more difficult tasks, had greater sway area and complexity and less postural variability. In addition, there was a linear trend in the stability measures as the difficulty of the task was increased. In conclusion, special populations, such as children and older adults, were more sensitive to the balance changes and used active control mechanisms to minimise the risk of losing balance in more challenging conditions.

TRUNK MUSCLE ACTIVATION IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY USING A HIPPOTHERAPY SIMULATOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Flanagan ◽  
Xue-Cheng Liu ◽  
Steve Cope
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To determine if there is a difference in trunk muscle activation in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) compared to typically developing (TD) children while being held in different positions on a hippotherapy simulator. Methods: Five children with spastic diplegic CP and five TD children of similar age were recruited through the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin. The participants were held in static positions sitting on a hippotherapy simulator at 10[Formula: see text], 15[Formula: see text], and 20[Formula: see text] from the midline to front, back, and side positions. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected from the left and right latissimus dorsi, hip adductor, middle trapezius, and rectus abdominis muscles. The pooled mean sEMG amplitude, at each position, served as the main outcome measurement. Results: The forward position at 20[Formula: see text] for the left and right lower rectus abdominis and right middle trapezius muscles had an effect size of [Formula: see text]. This was also evident in the right middle trapezius at 10[Formula: see text] in the forward and left tilted positions, and in the right latissimus dorsi at the 10[Formula: see text] left tilted position. Conclusion: Different sEMG in the abdominal, middle trapezius, and latissimus dorsi muscles in children with spastic diplegic CP suggests that utilizing a trunk position of different angles may improve the current therapeutic methods in the recruitment of trunk muscles.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Trunk Muscles Activities and Postural Sway during Unstable Sitting

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsu SUZUKI ◽  
Junya HIRATA ◽  
Ayumi KURIKI ◽  
Minori TOMIYAMA ◽  
Kazuki WASADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals AGING DIMINISHES THE DIRECT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BRAIN ACTIVATION AND POSTURAL CONTROL DURING THE N-BACK TASK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S946-S946
Author(s):  
Azizah J Jor'dan ◽  
Ikechukwu Iloputaife ◽  
Brad Manor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Elliptical Area ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Aging diminishes the control of standing posture, which relies upon the capacity to activate brain regions involved in cognitive-motor function. Our prior work shows that impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in response to the N-Back executive function task is linked to worse walking performance in older adults. However, the effects of aging on the relationship between CBF regulation and postural control during the N-Back task is unknown. Sixteen young (27 years) and 15 older participants (76 years) stood upright and completed the N-Back (i.e., control [Identify X, IdX] and an experimental condition [2-Back]) presented on a screen while CBF and postural sway were simultaneously recorded. CBF was recorded using transcranial Doppler. Sway was recorded using a lumbar motion sensor. Elliptical area, root mean square (RMS), distance, velocity, and acceleration were computed. There were no group differences in sway outcomes (p&gt;0.37). Young participants had higher CBF during the IdX and 2-Back compared to older participants (p&lt;0.001). Within the young, and not within older participants, those with lower CBF during performance of the 2-Back exhibited greater elliptical area (β=-0.67, p=0.03) and RMS (β=-0.68, p=0.03), faster acceleration (β=-0.78, p=0.02), and longer distance (β=-0.64, p=0.04). There were no associations between CBF and sway outcomes in either group during the IdX. These results suggest that dual-task sway performance is directly linked to CBF in younger adults, and furthermore, this link is diminished in older adults. These results underpin the need for cognitive-motor interventions in older adults.

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