Aging and Recovery After Resistance-Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Current Evidence and Implications for Future Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John F.T. Fernandes ◽  
Kevin L. Lamb ◽  
Jonathan P. Norris ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Benjamin Drury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Aging Muscle ◽  
Older Populations

Aging is anecdotally associated with a prolonged recovery from resistance training, though current literature remains equivocal. This brief review considers the effects of resistance training on indirect markers of muscle damage and recovery (i.e., muscle soreness, blood markers, and muscle strength) in older males. With no date restrictions, four databases were searched for articles relating to aging, muscle damage, and recovery. Data from 11 studies were extracted for review. Of these, four reported worse symptoms in older compared with younger populations, while two have observed the opposite, and the remaining studies (n = 6) proposed no differences between age groups. It appears that resistance training can be practiced in older populations without concern for impaired recovery. To improve current knowledge, researchers are urged to utilize more ecologically valid muscle-damaging bouts and investigate the mechanisms which underpin the recovery of muscle soreness and strength after exercise in older populations.

scholarly journals Preliminary Investigations Into the Effect of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Systemic Extracellular Vesicle Release in Trained Younger and Older Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvoni Kyriakidou ◽  
Isabella Cooper ◽  
Igor Kraev ◽  
Sigrun Lange ◽  
Bradley T. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Exercise Stimulus ◽  
Modal Size

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, and muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Research has recently proven that skeletal muscle can also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation following a bout of exercise. However, EV’s potential role, including as a biomarker, in the response to eccentric resistance exercise stimulus remains unclear.Methods: Twelve (younger, n=7, 27.0±1.5years and older, n=5, 63.0±1.0years) healthy, physically active males, undertaking moderate, regular physical activity (3–5 times per week) performed a unilateral high intensity eccentric exercise protocol. Venous plasma was collected for assessment of EVs and creatine kinase (CK) prior to EIMD, immediately after EIMD, and 1–72h post-EIMD, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed at all time points, except 1 and 2h post-EIMD.Results: A significant effect of both time (p=0.005) and group (p<0.001) was noted for MVIC, with younger participants’ MVIC being higher throughout. Whilst a significant increase was observed in DOMS in the younger group (p=0.014) and in the older group (p=0.034) following EIMD, no significant differences were observed between groups. CK was not different between age groups but was altered following the EIMD (main effect of time p=0.026), with increased CK seen immediately post-, at 1 and 2h post-EIMD. EV count tended to be lower in older participants at rest, relative to younger participants (p=0.056), whilst EV modal size did not differ between younger and older participants pre-EIMD. EIMD did not substantially alter EV modal size or EV count in younger or older participants; however, the alteration in EV concentration (ΔCount) and EV modal size (ΔMode) between post-EIMD and pre-EIMD negatively associated with CK activity. No significant associations were noted between MVIC or DOMS and either ΔCount or ΔMode of EVs at any time point.Conclusion: These findings suggest that profile of EV release, immediately following exercise, may predict later CK release and play a role in the EIMD response. Exercise-induced EV release profiles may therefore serve as an indicator for subsequent muscle damage.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chariklia K. Deli ◽  
Ioannis G. Fatouros ◽  
Vassilis Paschalis ◽  
Kalliopi Georgakouli ◽  
Athanasios Zalavras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Exercise Induced

Purpose:Research regarding exercise-induced muscle-damage mainly focuses on adults. The present study examined exercise-induced muscle-damage responses in adults compared with children.Method:Eleven healthy boys (10–12 y) and 15 healthy men (18–45 y) performed 5 sets of 15 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) during squat and walking, and peak isometric, concentric and eccentric torque were assessed before, post, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postexercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was assessed before and 72 hr postexercise.Results:Eccentric exercise resulted in DOMS during squat that persisted for up to 96h in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .05), and DOMS during walking that persisted for up to 72 hr in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .01). The ROM was lower in both age groups 48 hr postexercise (p < .001). Isometric (p < .001), concentric (p < .01) and eccentric (p < .01) force decreased post, and up to 48 hr postexercise in men. Except for a reduction in isometric force immediately after exercise, no other changes occurred in boys’ isokinetic force. CK activity increased in men at 72 hr postexercise compared with pre exercise levels (p = .05).Conclusion:Our data provide further confirmation that children are less susceptible to exercise-induced muscle damage compared with adults.

scholarly journals El masaje en la prevención y tratamiento del dolor muscular tardío: una revisión sistemática actualizada

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
R Candia Luján ◽  
RA Paredes Carrera ◽  
O Costa Moreira ◽  
KF Candia Sosa ◽  
JA De Paz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Exercise Induced

El masaje es una de las terapias más utilizadas para aliviar el dolor muscular tardío (DMT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la efectividad del masaje en el tratamiento del DMT, para lo cual se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Web of Science y el buscador Google académico, usando las palabras clave delayed onset muscle soreness y exercise induced muscle damage combinado con massage. Se incluyeron en el estudio 23 artículos en los cuales el 78% mostró disminución del DMT mientras que en el restante 22% no hubo mejoras o bien empeoró. El análisis de los estudios permite concluir que el masaje es una terapia efectiva en el tratamiento del dolor muscular tardío.

scholarly journals Iron Regulation in Athletes: Exploring the Menstrual Cycle and Effects of Different Exercise Modalities on Hepcidin Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Sim ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Grant Landers ◽  
Debbie Trinder ◽  
Peter Peeling
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Induced

The trace element iron plays a number of crucial physiological roles within the body. Despite its importance, iron deficiency remains a common problem among athletes. As an individual’s iron stores become depleted, it can affect their well-being and athletic capacity. Recently, altered iron metabolism in athletes has been attributed to postexercise increases in the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, which has been reported to be upregulated by exercise-induced increases in the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. As such, when hepcidin levels are elevated, iron absorption and recycling may be compromised. To date, however, most studies have explored the acute postexercise hepcidin response, with limited research seeking to minimize/attenuate these increases. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the postexercise hepcidin response under a variety of exercise scenarios and highlights potential areas for future research—such as: a) the use of hormones though the female oral contraceptive pill to manipulate the postexercise hepcidin response, b) comparing the use of different exercise modes (e.g., cycling vs. running) on hepcidin regulation.

scholarly journals The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance exercises on running performance across 3 bouts

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Doma ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Anthony Scott Leicht ◽  
Brian Edward Heilbronn ◽  
Felipe Damas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Repeated Bout ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

This study investigated the repeated bout effect of 3 typical lower body resistance-training sessions on maximal and submaximal effort running performance. Twelve resistance-untrained men (age, 24 ± 4 years; height, 1.81 ± 0.10 m; body mass, 79.3 ± 10.9 kg; peak oxygen uptake, 48.2 ± 6.5 mL·kg−1·min−1; 6-repetition maximum squat, 71.7 ± 12.2 kg) undertook 3 bouts of resistance-training sessions at 6-repetitions maximum. Countermovement jump (CMJ), lower-body range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, and creatine kinase (CK) were examined prior to and immediately, 24 h (T24), and 48 h (T48) after each resistance-training bout. Submaximal (i.e., below anaerobic threshold (AT)) and maximal (i.e., above AT) running performances were also conducted at T24 and T48. Most indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., CMJ, ROM, and muscle soreness) and submaximal running performance were significantly improved (P < 0.05; 1.9%) following the third resistance-training bout compared with the second bout. Whilst maximal running performance was also improved following the third bout (P < 0.05; 9.8%) compared with other bouts, the measures were still reduced by 12%–20% versus baseline. However, the increase in CK was attenuated following the second bout (P < 0.05) with no further protection following the third bout (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the initial bout induced the greatest change in CK; however, at least 2 bouts were required to produce protective effects on other indirect muscle damage markers and submaximal running performance measures. This suggests that submaximal running sessions should be avoided for at least 48 h after resistance training until the third bout, although a greater recovery period may be required for maximal running sessions.

Effects of active isolated stretching on exercise-induced muscle damage in untrained subjects: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mustafa Qamar ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ul Hassan Dogar ◽  
Ayesha Basharat
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Pain Pressure Threshold ◽  
Group A ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Group B ◽  
Wrist Flexors

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prophylactic effect of the active isolated stretching technique on exercise-induced muscle damage of wrist flexors. Method: The mixed model randomised controlled interventional study was conducted at the University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, from November 2018 to May 2019, and comprised young adults who were untrained, sedentary and healthy who were randomly divided into intervention group A and control group B. Group A participants received self-assisted active isolated stretching before inducing muscle soreness of wrist flexors by eccentric exercises. Group B did not receive any intervention. The outcome measures were pain intensity, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, and grip strength. Data were collected at baseline, after one hour, and daily from day 1 to 7 after inducing muscle soreness. Data were analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. There were 14(23.3%) males and 46(76.7%) females. The overall mean age was 21.47±1.9 years. Group A showed early recovery in pain and muscle soreness compared to group B (p<0.05). Also, a limited deficit in the range of motion, grip strength, and pain pressure threshold was found in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Conclusion: Active isolated stretching before strenuous, unaccustomed exercise was found to be useful in ameliorating the symptoms of muscle soreness. Key Words: Active isolated stretching, Muscle soreness, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Eccentric exercises. Continuous...

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Match-Play Characteristics of Elite Rugby League and Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea L. Oxendale ◽  
Craig Twist ◽  
Matthew Daniels ◽  
Jamie Highton
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:While exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after rugby league match play has been well documented, the specific match actions that contribute to EIMD are unclear. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the positional demands of elite rugby league matches and examine their relationship with subsequent EIMD.Methods:Twenty-eight performances (from 17 participants) were captured using 10-Hz global positioning systems over 4 competitive matches. Upper- and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue, creatine kinase (CK), and perceived muscle soreness were assessed 24 h before and at 12, 36, and 60 h after matches.Results:High-intensity running was moderately higher in backs (6.6 ± 2.6 m/min) than in forwards (5.1 ± 1.6 m/min), whereas total collisions were moderately lower (31.1 ± 13.1 vs 54.1 ± 37.0). Duration (r = .90, CI: .77–.96) and total (r = .86, CI: .70–.95) and high-intensity distance covered (r = .76, CI: .51–.91) were associated (P < .05) with increased CK concentration postmatch. Total collisions and repeated high-intensity efforts were associated (P < .05) with large decrements in upper-body neuromuscular performance (r = –.48, CI: –.74 to .02; r = –.49, CI: –.77 to .05, respectively), muscle soreness (r = –.68, CI: –.87 to –.10, r = –.66, CI: –.89 to .21, respectively), and CK concentration (r = .67, CI: .42–.85; r = .73, CI: .51–.87, respectively). All EIMD markers returned to baseline within 60 h.Conclusion:Match duration, high-intensity running, and collisions were associated with variations in EIMD markers, suggesting that recovery is dependent on individual match demands.

scholarly journals Telework and Lifelong Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Bjursell ◽  
Ingela Bergmo-Prvulovic ◽  
Joel Hedegaard
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
The Eu

The increase of telework during the pandemic is predicted to impact working life, not only in terms of a larger number of employees working from home, but more importantly, it may transform the way we conceptualise work. This will in turn impact systems for and participation in lifelong learning. There is a risk for increased social inequalities, as neither telework nor lifelong learning is evenly distributed among workers. Statistics on telework in the EU show that there are differences between age groups, nations, sectors, and professions. If these trends will steer forward, there is a risk of widening gaps between countries, companies, and workers. To establish the current knowledge base, we have gathered literature reviews from several disciplines. One finding is that the previous literature on telework has not included lifelong learning in any form (formal, non-formal and informal). Based on a review of previous studies, we suggest a number of research questions for future research. This is relevant as research about telework and lifelong learning has the potential to contribute to a sustainable working life in terms of providing more flexible arrangements for employees and to support the lifelong learning that takes place in contexts such as the office, home, online meetings, and virtual reality.

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