A Culturally Sensitive Approach to Treating Substance Abuse in Athletes Using Evidence-Supported Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Donohue ◽  
Michelle Pitts ◽  
Yulia Gavrilova ◽  
Ashley Ayarza ◽  
Kristina I. Cintron
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Treatment ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Behavioral Prevention

Substance abuse in athletes is both prevalent and dangerous, leading to its international recognition as a public health concern. In recent controlled trials, behavioral prevention programs have been shown to reduce alcohol use in collegiate student athletes who are at-risk for alcohol abuse, with outcomes appearing to be enhanced when family members are prescriptively involved. However, no interventions have been found to decrease alcohol or drug use frequency in controlled trials involving athletes who have been diagnosed with substance abuse, and no prescribed clinical interventions for substance abuse have been tailored to accommodate the unique needs of competitive athletes. As an initial step in this development, we review an evidenced-supported behavioral treatment program modified for use with athletes. Optimizing the support of significant others, this innovative treatment approach comprehensively targets multiple areas of mental health while emphasizing cultural enlightenment. Recommendations are offered, including the great need for controlled treatment outcome research specific to substance abuse in athletes.

A feasibility study of a mobile app to treat insomnia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Aji ◽  
Nick Glozier ◽  
Delwyn Bartlett ◽  
Dorian Peters ◽  
Rafael A Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Insomnia is a major public health concern. Sleep restriction therapy (SRT) is an effective behavioral treatment but its delivery is impeded by a shortage of trained clinicians. We developed a mobile app delivering SRT to individuals with insomnia. This feasibility study employed a mixed-methods design to examine the engagement, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the mobile app. Fifteen participants diagnosed with insomnia disorder used the mobile app synchronized with a wearable device for 3 weeks. Those who persisted with the study (n = 12) found the mobile app to be highly acceptable and engaging, logging on average 19 nightly sleep diary entries across the 21 day period. Significant improvements were observed for sleep measures (insomnia severity and sleep efficiency) and daytime symptoms (fatigue and sleepiness). The results suggest that a mobile app delivering SRT to individuals with insomnia is engaging, acceptable, and potentially efficacious. Further, a full-scale effectiveness study is warranted.

Yoga as an Alternative and Complementary Treatment for Hypertensive Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Taj Haider
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Alternative And Complementary Therapy

Hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. It is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Pharmacological therapy is the most popular method to control hypertension, but yoga has been identified as a promising alternative and complementary therapy to costly drugs. A systematic review is presented below to determine the efficacy of yoga. The criteria for study to be included were as follows: ( a) published in the English language, ( b) between January 1972 and March 2012, ( c) included any form of yoga as an intervention (with or without pharmacological therapy), ( d) used any quantitative study design, and ( e) measured blood pressure as an outcome. A total of 19 studies met these criteria. Of the 19 studies systematically analyzed, 12 demonstrated a significant change in blood pressure using yoga as part of the intervention. Limitations include a lack of theory-based approach, self-reporting errors, and few randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals The History, Efficacy, and Safety of Potential Therapeutics: A Narrative Overview of the Complex Life of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Farah Daou ◽  
Gretta Abou-Sleymane ◽  
Danielle A. Badro ◽  
Nagham Khanafer ◽  
Mansour Tobaiqy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a serious public health concern and started a race against time for researchers to discover an effective and safe therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to describe the history, efficacy, and safety of five potential therapeutics for COVID-19, remdesivir, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, and convalescent plasma. A literature review was conducted through October 2020 to identify published studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these five potential therapeutics. Clinical improvement was used to assess the efficacy, while reported withdrawals from study participation and adverse events were used to evaluate the safety. In total, 95 clinical studies (6 interventional and 89 observational studies) were obtained, of which 42 were included in this review. The evaluation of the efficacy and safety profiles is challenging due to the limitations of the clinical studies on one hand, and the limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the other. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence to support repurposing remdesivir, favipiravir, and tocilizumab for COVID-19.

Effects of soy isoflavones supplementation on patients with diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Qing-Feng Liang ◽  
Xia Zeng ◽  
Guang-Xiao Huang ◽  
Gui-Zhong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication that is becoming a worldwide public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary soy isoflavones intervention...

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

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