Consolidation Effects in a Full-Body Diving Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Maxime Trempe ◽  
Jean-Luc Gohier ◽  
Mathieu Charbonneau ◽  
Jonathan Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Full Body

In recent years, it has been shown that spacing training sessions by several hours allows the consolidation of motor skills in the brain, a process leading to the stabilization of the skills and, sometimes, further improvement without additional practice. At the moment, it is unknown whether consolidation can lead to an improvement in performance when the learner performs complex full-body movements. To explore this question, we recruited 10 divers and had them practice a challenging diving maneuver. Divers first performed an initial training session, consisting of 12 dives during which visual feedback was provided immediately after each dive through video replay. Two retention tests without feedback were performed 30 min and 24 hr after the initial training session. All dives were recorded using a video camera and the participants’ performance was assessed by measuring the verticality of the body segments at water entry. Significant performance gains were observed in the 24-hr retention test (p < .05). These results suggest that the learning of complex full-body movements can benefit from consolidation and that splitting practice sessions can be used as a training tool to facilitate skill acquisition.

scholarly journals Emotion matters: different psychophysiological responses to expressive and non-expressive full-body movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Christensen ◽  
Ruben Azevedo ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
The Body ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Emotional Expressivity ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Full Body

We explore dance video clip stimuli as a means to test human observers’ accuracy in detecting genuine emotional expressivity in full-body movements. Stimuli of every-day-type full-body expressions of emotions usually use culturally very recognizable actions (e.g. fist shaking for anger, etc). By contrast, expressive dance movement stimuli can be created to contain fully abstract movements. The expressivity results from subtle variations in the body movements of the expressor, and emotions cannot be recognised by observers via particular actions (e.g. fist shaking, etc).Forty-one participants watched and rated 24 pairs of short dance videos –from a published normalised dance stimuli library– in randomised order (N=48). Of each carefully matched pair, one version of the full-body movement sequence had been danced to be emotionally genuinely expressive (clip a), while the other version of the same sequence (clip b) had been danced –while technically correct– without any emotional expressivity. Participants rated (i) expressivity (to test their accuracy; block 1), and (ii) how much they liked each movement (an implicit measure to test their emotional response (“liking”); block 2). Participants rated clips that were intended to be expressive as more expressive (part 1: expressivity ratings), and liked those expressive clips more than the non-expressive clips (part 2: liking ratings). Besides, their galvanic skin response differed, depending on the category of clips they were watching (expressive vs. non-expressive), and this relationship was modulated by interceptive accuracy and arts experience. Results are discussed in relation to the Body Precision Hypothesis and the Hypothesis of Constructed Emotion.

scholarly journals A Study of an Automated Scoring System for the Twist Skill in Horizontal Bar of Artistic Gymnastics

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Haruki Shimamoto ◽  
Tsuyoshi Taki ◽  
Junichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Automated Scoring ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Video Images ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
The Moment

This paper presents an automated scoring system for the twist skill in Horizontal bar based on motion image analysis. In this system, training scenes of Horizontal bar are taken by a high-speed video camera, and then a gymnast’s region is extracted from a video image frame by frame based on a background subtraction method. Next, the body axis of the gymnast in the moment when a twist skill completed is estimated from the gymnast’s region. Finally, the deduction point for the twist skill is automatically decided according to the rules described in the Code of Points. In experiments using video images for 26 practices, it was shown that about 80.8% of the correspondence rate between estimated deduction scores and true ones calculated by the correct ‘SCF’ and ‘Body axis’ was obtained. This can be promising as a result at the preliminary stage of this research.

The Effect of Age on Discrete Kinematics of the Elite Female Tennis Serve

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whiteside ◽  
Bruce Elliott ◽  
Brendan Lay ◽  
Machar Reid
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Full Body

The importance of the flat serve in tennis is well documented, with an abundance of research evaluating the service technique of adult male players. Comparatively, the female and junior serves have received far less attention. Therefore, the aims of this study were to quantify the flat serve kinematics in elite prepubescent, pubescent, and postpubescent female tennis players. Full body, racket, and ball kinematics were derived using a 22-camera Vicon motion capture system. Racket velocity was significantly lower in the prepubescent group than in the two older groups. In generating racket velocity, the role of the serving arm appears to become more pronounced after the onset of puberty, whereas leg drive and “shoulder-over-shoulder” rotation mature even later in development. These factors are proposed to relate to strength deficits and junior players’ intentions to reduce the complexity of the skill. Temporally, coupling perception (cues from the ball) and action (body movements) are less refined in the prepubescent serve, presumably reducing the “rhythm” (and dynamism) of the service action. Practically, there appears scope for equipment scaling to preserve kinematic relevance between the junior and senior serve and promote skill acquisition.

Differenzierungen im Begriff, Gegenwart‘ bei Husserl und Merleau-Ponty

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Jörg Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Phenomenological Description ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Empty Time

In classical philosophy of time, present time mainly has been considered in its fleetingness: it is transition, in the Platonic meaning of the sudden or in the Aristotelian sense of discreet moment and isolated intensity that escapes possible perception. Through the idea of subjective constitution of time, Husserl’s phenomenology tries to spread the moment. He transcends the idea of linear and empty time in modern philosophy. Phenomenological description of time experience analyses the filled character of the moment that can be detained in the performance of consciousness. As a consequence of the temporality of consciousness, he nevertheless remains in the temporal conception of presence. The phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, however, is able to grasp the spacial meaning of presence. In his perspective of a phenomenology of perception, presence can be understood as a space surrounding the body, as a field of present things given in perception. Merleau-Ponty recovers the ancient sense of ‘praesentia’ as a fundamental concept of being in the world.

scholarly journals Experiential ownership and body ownership are different phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Liang ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Hong Chen ◽  
Chen-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Body

AbstractBody ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.

Companion Trainer Aircraft: Aspects of Dual Qualification

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Killion
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Aircraft Performance ◽  
B 52 ◽  
Difficult Part ◽  
Military Airlift

The use of surrogate aircraft for aircrew training involves two major issues. First, what effect does flying the secondary aircraft have on primary aircraft performance? This issue was addressed in the previous paper. Second, can the crew learn to safely operate the secondary aircraft while continuing to fly the primary aircraft? This paper addresses this second aspect of dual qualification. Of interest is the acquisition of skill in the secondary aircraft. For the purpose of testing the concept of a Companion Trainer Aircraft (CTA), eight B-52 pilot/copilot teams from the 2nd Bombardment Wing, Barksdale AFB, LA, were dual qualified in the T-39. Initial training in the T-39A occurred at Scott AFB, IL, followed by the flying of B-52 style training sorties in a specially modified T-39B at Barksdale AFB, LA. Pilot/copilot performance in the T-39A was evaluated by Military Airlift Command (MAC) instructor pilots (IPs), in the T-39B performance was monitored by a 4950 Test Wing IP. The results of these evaluations suggest that: 1, approach and landing is the most difficult part of the mission to learn; and 2, certain behaviors which are appropriate in the B-52 intrude on T-39 performance, where they are inappropriate. The data also suggest that in the early phase of skill acquisition, frequent sorties are necessary to avoid degradations in performance. In the T-39B training, the frequency required appeared to be about every two weeks. Although the short duration of this study prohibits conclusions concerning long term learning effects, the results do identify some areas for concern in any future CTA type program.

scholarly journals Spinning rough disc moving in a rarefied medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2119) ◽  
pp. 2033-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Plakhov ◽  
Tatiana Tchemisova ◽  
Paulo Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Optimal Mass Transport ◽  
Dense Gases ◽  
Magnus Effect ◽  
Inverse Effect ◽  
Transversal Force ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Complementary Mechanism

We study the Magnus effect: deflection of the trajectory of a spinning body moving in a gas. It is well known that in rarefied gases, the inverse Magnus effect takes place, which means that the transversal component of the force acting on the body has opposite signs in sparse and relatively dense gases. The existing works derive the inverse effect from non-elastic interaction of gas particles with the body. We propose another (complementary) mechanism of creating the transversal force owing to multiple collisions of particles in cavities of the body surface. We limit ourselves to the two-dimensional case of a rough disc moving through a zero-temperature medium on the plane, where reflections of the particles from the body are elastic and mutual interaction of the particles is neglected. We represent the force acting on the disc and the moment of this force as functionals depending on ‘shape of the roughness’, and determine the set of all admissible forces. The disc trajectory is determined for several simple cases. The study is made by means of billiard theory, Monge–Kantorovich optimal mass transport and by numerical methods.

Developmental stages in the Digenea

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elon E. Byrd ◽  
William P. Maples
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Hatching Enzyme ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Membranous Body ◽  
Egg Capsule

The naturally oviposited egg of Dasymetra conferta is fully embryonated and it hatches only after it is ingested by the snail host, Physa spp.Hatching appears to be in response to some stimulus supplied by the living snail. The stimulus causes the larva to exercise a characteristic series of body movements and to liberate a granular sustance (hatching enzyme) from the larger pair of its cephalic glands. This enzyme reacts with the vitelline fluid to create pressure within the egg capsule, and with the cementum of the operculum, so that it may be lifted away. The larva's escape from the shell, therefore, is due to a combination of pressure and body movements.The hatched larva has a membranous body wall, supporting six epidermal plates, an apical papilla, two penetration glands and a central matrix (the presumptive brood mass).It lives for about an hour within the snail and during this time there is a reorganization of the central matrix which terminates in the formation of an 8-nucleated syncytial brood mass.The miracidial ‘case’, consisting of the body wall and the epidermal plates, ultimately ruptures to liberate the brood mass. Once the brood mass is free it penetrates through the gut wall in an incredibly short time.

172 Scenario-based Training Is an Effective Tactic for Teaching Applied Livestock Management Practices to Extension Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Jennie L Ivey ◽  
Lew G Strickland ◽  
Justin D Rhinehart
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Adult Educator ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Instructor Effectiveness

Abstract Developing livestock and equine trainings to empower county Extension agents is challenging, especially when spanning in-person and online delivery modules. Real life application of training concepts is difficult, particularly when participants have varied backgrounds and experience. Thus, we assessed if scenario-based training modules were an effective training method across in-person and virtual formats. The same scenario-based training was delivered at three, regional in-person trainings (n = 42), and one virtual training (n = 32). Training format consisted of four, species-specific lectures addressing various production topics. Small groups then developed recommendations for a specific scenario, followed by a debriefing session consisting of group reactions and specialist recommendations. Topic-area application to county programs, instructor effectiveness, and overall benefit of the training session were evaluated (Qualtrics, in-person n = 26, 62% completion; virtual n = 17, 53% completion). Data were assessed using analysis of variance and mean comparisons (α=0.05), with Tukey’s pairwise post hoc analysis where appropriate (STATA 16). Across all sessions, likert scale responses (1=poor and 5=excellent, n = 43) indicated lecture sessions were applicable to county areas of need across material content (mean±SD, cattle=4.71±0.57, equine=4.64±0.50), teaching effectiveness (cattle=4.77±0.42, equine=4.75±0.43), and overall quality (cattle=4.68±0.57, equine=4.67±0.51), respectively. Scenario-based training benefit was not influenced by the number of times an agent had attended in-service training on livestock species, agent appointment (youth vs. adult educator), or training location (p &gt;0.05). Attendance at previous in-service trainings (cattle P = 0.005; equine P = 0.013) and agent appointment (cattle P = 0.0006; equine P = 0.05) had a significant impact on the number of questions agents reported to have received on scenario topics in the last 12 months. More topic area questions were reported by agents with adult education responsibilities and previous training attendance. Based upon these results, scenario-based training is an effective in-person and virtual training tool for 4-H and adult Extension agents of varying experience.

Calling Time Out in Doha: The Seiko Block Camera and Image Ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 019685992110408
Author(s):  
David Staton
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Camera Angle ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
The Moment

In an effort to put more eyeballs on television sets, and in an attempt to reinvigorate a sport long beleaguered by doping scandals, recent questions surrounding female sponsorships, and a vanishing audience, the International Association of Athletic Federations unveiled a new camera designed by Seiko during the September 2019 World Championships held in Doha, Quatar. The idea was to add to an immersive experience, offering unparalleled views of sprinters at the moment they exploded from the starting blocks. Like many things during the Doha meet, the effort became an ending to a bad joke. Rather than getting to the heart of the event, the camera’s focus was a bit lower; the Seiko angle became known derisively as the crotch shot. After objections by two female German sprinters the positioning of the camera angle (specifically what would be shown when) was reconsidered, reframed, and essentially retired. Control of the body, including how it is observed, and the closely related idea of the control of one’s image are bound by certain ethical dimensions, particularly when that control is violated or profited from by outside parties. This paper interrogates how those concerns may be ameliorated by embracing an ethics of care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document