scholarly journals Motor Competence Levels in Young Children: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Belgium and Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Fotini Venetsanou ◽  
Antonis Kambas ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
International Comparative

The targeted continent and/or country driven promotion of physical activity and health from an early age onwards requires more insight into cross-cultural differences in motor competence. Using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition Short Form (BOT-2 SF), this study assessed and compared both fine and gross motor skill performances of 5- and 6-year-old children from Belgium (n = 325) and Greece (n = 245). Linear mixed effect models and a χ2 test analyzed between-country differences in BOT-2 SF scores and the distribution across descriptive performance categories. Overall, Belgian and Greek participants displayed quite similar levels of motor competence, with fewer children performing (well-)below average than could be expected. On test item level, however, several significant differences emerged. Large effect sizes were found for knee push-ups (Hedges’ g = 1.46) and copying a square (Hedges’ g = 2.59), which demonstrated a better outcome for Belgian and Greek preschoolers, respectively. These findings might be attributed to different (physical) education practices in both European countries. The present study also highlights the importance of using an assessment tool covering the entire range of motor skills as well as a focusing primarily on raw performance scores, containing and explaining more variance, for international comparative research purposes.

Evaluating Differential Item Functioning (DIF) of the Chinese Version of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (C-BADS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-323
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
David Thissen ◽  
Deepika Anand ◽  
Lung Hung Chen ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Item Level

Abstract. Depression is prevalent in both China and Taiwan, and Behavioral Activation (BA), an Evidence-Based Treatment (EBT) for depression, is ideally suited for cross cultural implementation. As a first step, the current study examined cross cultural differences in the understanding of BA constructs, by investigating item level differences in functioning between the English and Chinese versions of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS and C-BADS; Kanter, Mulick, Busch, Berlin, & Martell, 2007 ; Li, Ding, Kanter, Zeng, & Yang, 2014) . 752 college students were recruited from China, Taiwan, and the United States. Factorial invariance-based Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis was used to study item level differences in functioning for the BADS and C-BADS. Results. DIF was observed in the majority of BADS items, with items in the avoidance and impairment factors showing the greatest DIF. The constructs of avoidance and impairment demonstrate less cross-cultural generalizability compared to the activation construct. Suggestions for the implementation of DIF analysis for future cross cultural psychometric studies, and further modification of the C-BADS as a clinical assessment tool in China and Taiwan, are discussed.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Physical Education Majors

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-638
Author(s):  
Rex W. Thomson ◽  
John L. Dayries
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Physical Education Majors ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Similar Sample ◽  
Present Group

The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire was administered to 20 Ss from Montana and the personality scores compared to those of a similar sample of New Zealand students. Results indicated that cross-cultural differences do exist, the present group being more dominant, less expedient, and considerably more conservative than their New Zealand counterparts.

Folk Beliefs about Soul and Mind: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Intuitions about the Ontology of the Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-369
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Gut ◽  
Andrew Lambert ◽  
Oleg Gorbaniuk ◽  
Robert Mirski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Status ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Folk Intuitions

Abstract The present study addressed two related problems: The status of the concept of the soul in folk psychological conceptualizations across cultures, and the nature of mind-body dualism within Chinese folk psychology. We compared folk intuitions about three concepts – mind, body, and soul – among adults from China (N=257) and Poland (N=225). The questionnaire study comprised of questions about the functional and ontological nature of the three entities. The results show that the mind and soul are conceptualized differently in the two countries: The Chinese appear to think of the soul similarly to how they view the mind (importantly, they still seem to see it as separate from the body), while Poles differentiate it both in ontological and functional respects. The study provides important insights into cross-cultural differences in conceptualizing the soul as well as into the nature of Chinese mind-body dualism.

scholarly journals Actual and Perceived Motor Competence Levels of Belgian and United States Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S320-S336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Brian ◽  
Farid Bardid ◽  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Frederik J.A. Deconinck ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Actual Object ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Children

Purpose: The present study examined the motor competence of preschool children from Belgium and the United States (US), and the influence of perceived motor competence on actual motor competence. A secondary objective was to compare the levels of motor competence of Belgian and US children using the US norms of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD-2). Methods: All participants (N = 326; ages 4–5 years) completed the TGMD-2 and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children. Results: Belgian children performed significantly higher on actual object control and locomotor skills than US children. However, both Belgian and US children scored significantly worse on the TGMD-2 when compared to the US norm group from 1997–1998. Furthermore, perceived motor competence was significantly related to actual object control skills but not locomotor skills. Conclusion: The present study showed cross-cultural differences in actual motor competence in young children. The findings also indicate a secular downward trend in childhood competence levels, possibly due to a decrease in physical activity and increase in sedentary behavior. Future research should consider conducting an in-depth exploration of physical activity contexts such as physical education to better understand cross-cultural differences in motor competence.

scholarly journals Performance and cross-cultural comparison of the short-form version of the CPQ11-14 in New Zealand, Brunei and Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndie A Foster Page ◽  
W Murray Thomson ◽  
A Rizan Mohamed ◽  
Jefferson Traebert
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison

Using the Short Form-36 with Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Five Countries: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Pfennings ◽  
Leo Cohen ◽  
Deborah Miller ◽  
Laurent Gerbaud ◽  
Luc Vleugels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Questionnaires measuring health-related quality of life are increasingly used in international studies of medical effectiveness. It is important to know if data from these instruments are comparable across countries. We initiated a collaboration among five research groups—from the USA, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and the UK—in the field of health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. All groups used the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The goal of our study was to make a cross-cultural comparison. In the five countries under study the sample size varied from 50 to 134 patients with multiple sclerosis. The survey was completed by a total of 457 patients, who were heterogeneous in relation to age, duration of illness, severity and type of multiple sclerosis. There appeared to be major differences among the samples in scores on each of the eight scales. These findings may be influenced by differences in method of recruitment, demographic and disease-related characteristics, administration, and cultural factors. After having performed a number of analyses, it appeared that the differences were mainly attributable to sampling effects; however, cultural influences could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Coppens ◽  
Felien Laureys ◽  
Mireille Mostaert ◽  
Eva D'Hondt ◽  
Frederik J. A. Deconinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Test Items ◽  
The One

The use of the short form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3) to evaluate children's and adolescents' motor competence (MC) is increasing. When combined with an alternating one-handed catching and throwing ball task, assessing eye-hand coordination (EHC), it has been shown that the different aspects of motor skills are adequately covered in one compact KTK3+ test battery, studied in 6- to 10-year-old children. The present study aimed to validate the KTK3+ test battery and to provide contemporary MC normative values for boys and girls from 6- to 19-year-olds. A total of 2,271 children and adolescents (1,112 boys, 1,159 girls) participated in this study and were evaluated on the four included test items: jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB), supplemented by an EHC task. Children's participation in organised sport was registered using a demographic questionnaire. For the first objective, a factor analysis with multidimensional scaling demonstrated that the one-dimensional model provided the best fit, with all test items correlating to the same latent construct: “MC”. This was further supported with moderate to good correlations between all four test items (r = 0.453–0.799). Construct validity was investigated with a three-way MANOVA, demonstrating a significant multivariate interaction effect between sex and age group (p = 0.001) as well as a multivariate main effect of sex, age group, and organised sport participation (p < 0.001). Boys outperformed girls on two out of the four tests (JS and EHC, p < 0.005), while girls were better than boys on the BB test (p < 0.005). Performance scores increased across age groups on all tests (p < 0.001). Only for the BB test score, a plateau effect was noted around the age of 12 years. Children and adolescents participating in sports generally outperformed their peers who were not involved in organised sports, on the present KTK3+ test battery. For the second objective, raw score normative values are provided separately for both sexes between 6- to 19-year-olds. In combination with the one-factor structure confirmation, these sex, age, and sport participation effects demonstrate the validity of the test battery. The provided normative values are useful to evaluate MC in children and adolescents from 6 to 19 years old. The use of only four test items that are identical across all ages makes the KTK3+ test battery a practical instrument to assess and compare MC development.

scholarly journals Negative Career Thoughts Among Pakistani and Korean College Students: Implications for the Asian Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 776-784
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Zahid ◽  
Donghyuck Lee ◽  
Meejin Park
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Career Thoughts ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Negative Career Thoughts ◽  
Korean College Students

This study aimed at investigating the integrative cross-cultural perspective of negative career thoughts by comparing college students’ data from Pakistan and Korea. Data obtained from 200 Pakistani college students were compared to the data obtained from 200 Korean college students. Results show a significantly higher score on negative career thoughts when compared to Korean students. Findings indicate cross-cultural differences in negative career thoughts reflective of context-based differences in policy and career guidance systems. Findings provide support to Systems Theory Framework. However, the similarities in the construct manifestation provide a theoretical basis for career guidance in the collectivist and Asian contexts. Findings suggest the importance of comparative data, indigenization of assessment tool to assess negative career thoughts, and further exploration of negative career thoughts while considering cultural dimensions.

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