Validation of the activPAL3 in Free-Living and Laboratory Scenarios for the Measurement of Physical Activity, Stepping, and Transitions in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Bourke ◽  
Espen A. F. Ihlen ◽  
Jorunn L. Helbostad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Living

Analyzing Free-Living Physical Activity of Older Adults in Different Environments Using Body-Worn Activity Monitors

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Margaret Grant ◽  
Malcolm H. Granat ◽  
Morag K. Thow ◽  
William M. Maclaren
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation

This study measured objectively the postural physical activity of 4 groups of older adults (≥65 yr). The participants (N= 70) comprised 3 patient groups—2 from rehabilitation wards (cityn= 20, 81.8 ± 6.7 yr; ruraln= 10, 79.4 ± 4.7 yr) and the third from a city day hospital (n= 20, 74.7 ± 7.9 yr)—and a healthy group to provide context (n= 20, 73.7 ± 5.5 yr). The participants wore an activity monitor (activPAL) for a week. A restricted maximum-likelihood-estimation analysis of hourly upright time (standing and walking) revealed significant differences between day, hour, and location and the interaction between location and hour (p< .001). Differences in the manner in which groups accumulated upright and sedentary time (sitting and lying) were found, with the ward-based groups sedentary for prolonged periods and upright for short episodes. This information may be used by clinicians to design appropriate rehabilitation interventions and monitor patient progress.

Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-living Conditions among Older Adults (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Kastelic ◽  
Marina Dobnik ◽  
Stefan Loefler ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Free Living Conditions

BACKGROUND Wrist worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use, but with the potential to be used also for clinical and research purposes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviours metrics from three popular activity trackers (POLAR Vantage M, Garmin Vivosport and Garmin Vivoactive 4s) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults. METHODS Participants (n = 28; 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three activity trackers. On a separate occasion, participants wore one (randomly assigned) activity tracker and a research grade physical activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days for comparisons. RESULTS Both Garmin activity trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20 % and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (P < .05), while Polar Vantage M substantially over counted steps (MAPE = 84 % and ICC2,1 = 0.37 for free-living conditions). MAPE for sleep time was within 10 % for all the trackers tested, while far beyond 20 % for all the physical activity and calories burned outputs. Both Garmin trackers showed fair agreement (ICC2,1 = 0.58–0.55) for measuring calories burned when compared with ActiGraph. CONCLUSIONS Garmin Vivoactive 4s showed overall best performance, especially for measuring steps and sleep time in healthy older adults. Minimal detectible change was consistently lower for an average day measures than for a single day measure, but still relatively high. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes – individual use/care, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Intensity Cut-Points for Wrist-Worn GENEActiv in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fraysse ◽  
Dannielle Post ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Daiki Kasai ◽  
Alex V. Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Intensity

Purpose: This study aims to (1) establish GENEActiv intensity cutpoints in older adults and (2) compare the classification accuracy between dominant (D) or non-dominant (ND) wrist, using both laboratory and free-living data.Methods: Thirty-one older adults participated in the study. They wore a GENEActiv Original on each wrist and performed nine activities of daily living. A portable gas analyzer was used to measure energy expenditure for each task. Testing was performed on two occasions separated by at least 8 days. Some of the same participants (n = 13) also wore one device on each wrist during 3 days of free-living. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to establish the optimal cutpoints.Results: For sedentary time, both dominant and non-dominant wrist had excellent classification accuracy (sensitivity 0.99 and 0.97, respectively; specificity 0.91 and 0.86, respectively). For Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), the non-dominant wrist device had better accuracy (ND sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.79; D sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.64). The corresponding cutpoints for sedentary-to-light were 255 and 375 g · min (epoch independent: 42.5 and 62.5 mg), and those for the light-to-moderate were 588 and 555 g · min (epoch-independent: 98.0 and 92.5 mg) for the non-dominant and dominant wrist, respectively. For free-living data, the dominant wrist device resulted in significantly more sedentary time and significantly less light and MVPA time compared to the non-dominant wrist.

scholarly journals DIETARY PATTERNS, NUTRIENT INTAKES, AND NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY STATUS OF SAUDI OLDER ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. M. Alsufiani ◽  
T.A. Kumosani ◽  
D. Ford ◽  
J.C. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Free Living

Objective: to review the dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and nutritional and physical activity status of older adults living in Saudi Arabia, to examine geographical differences in such patterns and to identify research gaps in respect of nutrition and physical activity for this population group. Design: Databases and websites (including Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Google Scholar and Arab Center for Nutrition) were searched in English and Arabic languages using the following key words: nutritional status, dietary pattern, food pattern, dietary habits, micronutrient intake and status, macronutrients intake, obesity, malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D, physical activity, exercise, Saudi older adults and Saudi elderly. All relevant and available data for both free-living and institutionalized Saudi older adults (> 50 years old or with mean age > 50 years) published in the last 20 years were included in this review. Results: We found that free-living females consumed fewer meals, and less fruits and vegetables, but their reported energy intake was higher than for males. Low intake of vitamins C and D were common in both genders and in those who lived in western and northern regions while low intake of folate and fiber were common in institutionalized people. Omega-3 fatty acids and fish were more highly consumed by older adults living in the coastal region compared with residents in the internal region. Obesity, overweight, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and physical inactivity were prevalent in free living older adults throughout the country while underweight and iron deficiency anemia were prevalent in institutionalized persons. Conclusion: Information on dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and nutritional and physical activity status of older adults living in Saudi Arabia is fragmentary and interpretation of the findings is hampered by the lack of population-representative sampling frames and the use of heterogeneous data collection tools. More systematic studies are essential to facilitate objective assessment of these important lifestyle-related factors and to inform public health policies.

scholarly journals IS VARIABILITY OF FREE-LIVING ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FATIGABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S234
Author(s):  
Jessica L Graves ◽  
Robert T Krafty ◽  
Jaroslaw Harezlak ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
Nancy W Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Greater fatigability in older adults may be moderated by physical activity (PA). However, what features of PA timing are most strongly related to fatigability remains unknown. We examined the relationship between variability of free-living activity patterns and perceived physical and mental fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50pts, higher=greater fatigability) in older adults from the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study (DECOS, n=57, age=70-91yrs, 61% female). We assessed PA using ActiGraph GT3X+ over 7 days. Mean activity, standard deviation (SD) of mean activity across days, and relative activity [(mean at each bin)/(total mean)] were calculated across 24-hours in 4-hour bins , adjusting for estimated rise-time. Lower SD of PA from 0-4 hours after rising was associated with greater PFS physical scores (r=-0.27, p=0.05). No measures of PA correlated with PFS mental scores. In older adults with lower physical fatigability, associations with greater variability in activity may indicate larger energy reserves.

Free-living standing activity as assessed by seismic accelerometers and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: The MIND trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Halloway ◽  
Klodian Dhana ◽  
Pankaja Desai ◽  
Puja Agarwal ◽  
Thomas Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Few older adults are able to achieve recommended levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity despite known cognitive benefits. Alternatively, less intense activities such as standing can be easily integrated into daily life. No existing study has examined the impact of free-living standing activity during daily life as measured by a device on cognition in older adults. Our purpose was to examine the association between free-living standing activity and cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults. Methods Participants were 98 adult participants aged 65 years or older from the ongoing MIND trial (NCT02817074) without diagnoses or symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Linear regression analyses tested cross-sectional associations between standing activity (duration and intensity from the MoveMonitor+ accelerometer/gyroscope) and cognition (4 cognitive domains constructed from 12 cognitive performance tests). Results Participants were on average 69.7 years old (SD = 3.7), 69.4% women, and 73.5% had a college degree or higher. Higher mean intensity of standing activity was significantly associated with higher levels of perceptual speed when adjusting for age, gender, and education level. Each log unit increase in standing activity intensity was associated with 0.72 units higher of perceptual speed (p=.023). When we additionally adjusted for cognitive activities and moderate-vigorous physical activity, and then also for body mass index, depressive symptoms, prescription medication use, and device wear time, the positive association remained. Conclusions These findings should be further explored in longitudinal analyses and interventions for cognition that incorporate small changes to free-living activity in addition to promoting moderate-vigorous physical activity.

scholarly journals Concern about Falling and Complexity of Free-Living Physical Activity Patterns in Well-Functioning Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu ◽  
Christophe J. Büla ◽  
Kristof Major ◽  
Constanze Lenoble-Hoskovec ◽  
Hélène Krief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Behavior

Background: Fall-related psychological concerns are common among older adults, potentially contributing to functional decline as well as to restriction of activities and social participation. To effectively prevent such negative consequences, it is important to understand how even very low concern about falling could affect physical activity behavior in everyday life. We hypothesized that concern about falling is associated with a reduction in diversity, dynamics, and performance of daily activities, and that these features can be comprehensively quantified in terms of complexity of physical activity patterns. Methods: A sample of 40 community-dwelling older adults were assessed for concern about falling using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Free-living physical activity was assessed using a set of metrics derived from data recorded with a chest-worn tri-axial accelerometer. The devised metrics characterized physical activity behavior in terms of endurance (total locomotion time, longest locomotion period, usual walking cadence), performance (cadence of longest locomotion period, locomotion periods with at least 30 steps and 100 steps/min), and complexity of physical activity patterns. Complexity was quantified according to variations in type, intensity, and duration of activities, and was considered as an adaptive response to environmental exigencies over the course of the day. Results: Based on FES-I score, participants were classified into two groups: not concerned at all/fully confident (n = 25) and concerned/less confident (n = 15). Demographic and health-related variables did not differ significantly between groups. Comparison of physical activity behavior indicated no significant differences for endurance-related metrics. In contrast, performance and complexity metrics were significantly lower in the less confident group compared to the fully confident group. Among all metrics, complexity of physical activity patterns appeared as the most discriminative feature between fully confident and less confident participants (p = 0.001, non-parametric Cliff’s delta effect size = 0.63). Conclusions: These results extend our understanding of the interplay between low concern about falling and physical activity behavior of community-dwelling older persons in their everyday life context. This information could serve to better design and evaluate personalized intervention programs in future prospective studies.

scholarly journals Association of In-Lab and Free-Living Mobility Measures With Falls and Fear of Falling in Underactive Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Author(s):  
Stacey Schepens Niemiec ◽  
Cheryl Vigen ◽  
Jeanine Blanchard ◽  
Matthew Niemiec ◽  
Brittany Eng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Serious Injury

Abstract Falls in older adults have significant consequences—a single fall can lead to serious injury, psychological trauma, activity restriction, and increased mortality. This study describes differences in mobility-related characteristics of underactive (&lt;150 minutes/week of physical activity), racially diverse, older adults (65–84 years) classified by self-reported fall status (0, 1, 2+ falls in previous 12mo) and fear of falling (yes/no). We analyzed baseline data from 105 individuals (mean age=72.1 years; 73% female; 64% white, 29% Black, 12% Asian) who participated in a trial of a physical activity smartphone intervention for older people. Total minutes of daily stepping and medium-to-brisk (≥75 steps/min) and brisk (≥100) cadence bouts in free-living conditions was gathered over 3 days via ActivPal activity monitor. Gait speed was determined from a 4-meter walk test for those pretested prior to COVID-19 mandates (n=60). Of the median 81.8 minutes spent stepping daily, very few minutes involved moderate-to-brisk (14.0) or brisk cadence (10.1). Groups classified by fall status (non-fallers n=74, 1x fallers n=18, repeat fallers n=13) differed significantly in daily minutes spent in medium-to-brisk (p=0.04) and brisk cadence (p=0.02), but not in 4-meter gait speed or total minutes stepping. Individuals who reported fear of falling versus those with no fear did not differ significantly on any mobility-related parameters. Four-meter gait speed was significantly negatively correlated with both cadence measures (p=0.02) but not total minutes stepping. This study indicates that faster walking behaviors in everyday activity may be a useful target for intervention to prevent falls in underactive older adults.

scholarly journals Impact of walking aids on estimating physical activity using a tri-axial accelerometer in frail older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001014
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishida ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka ◽  
Yoichi Hatamoto ◽  
Mana Hatanaka ◽  
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Day Range ◽  
Walking Aids ◽  
Walking Group ◽  
Free Living Conditions

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the estimation error of physical activity level (PAL) estimated using a tri-axial accelerometer between an independent walking group and an assisted walking group with walking aids.MethodsSubjects were 6 older adults who could walk independently and 10 older adults requiring walking assistance during gait. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method over 2 weeks and PAL was calculated as the measured TEE divided by the basal metabolic rate measured using indirect calorimetry (PALDLW). The participants wore a tri-axial accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA-750C) on the waist simultaneously as the DLW period, and the estimated PAL was derived from it (PALACC).ResultsThe median PAL estimation error in the assisted walking group was −0.30 kcal/day (range: −0.77 to −0.01 kcal/day) and more underestimated than that in the independent walking group (p=0.02). The estimation error of PALACC was significantly correlated with PALDLW (r=−0.80, p<0.01).ConclusionsUsing the accelerometer, PAL was underestimated for older adults who used walking aids but not for those who walked independently under free-living conditions.

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