Association Between Accelerometer and Parental Reported Weekend and Weekday Sleeping Patterns and Adiposity Among Preschool-Aged Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Bridget Coyle-Asbil ◽  
Hannah J. Coyle-Asbil ◽  
David W.L. Ma ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
Lori Ann Vallis
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Waking Up

Sleep is vital for healthy development of young children; however, it is not understood how the quality and quantity vary between the weekends and weekdays (WE–WD). Research focused on older children has demonstrated that there is significant WE–WD variability and that this is associated with adiposity. It is unclear how this is experienced among preschoolers. This study explored: (a) the accuracy of WE–WD sleep as reported in parental logbooks compared with accelerometers; (b) the difference between WE and WD total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and timing, as assessed by accelerometers; and (c) the association between the variability of these metrics and adiposity. Eighty-seven preschoolers (M = 46; 4.48 ± 0.89 years) wore an accelerometer on their right hip for 7 days. Parents were given logbooks to track “lights out” times (sleep onset) and out of bed time (sleep offset). Compared with accelerometers, parental logbook reports indicated earlier sleep onset and later sleep offset times on both WEs and WDs. Accelerometer-derived total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and onset/offset were not significantly different on the WEs and WDs; however, a sex effect was observed, with males going to bed and waking up earlier than females. Correlation analyses revealed that variability of sleep onset times throughout the week was positively correlated with percentage of fat mass in children. Results suggest that variability of sleep onset may be associated with increased adiposity in preschool children. Additional research with larger and more socioeconomically and racially diverse samples is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography before and after antidepressant therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ingole ◽  
Harpreet S. Dhillon ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After

Background: A prospective cohort study to correlate perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.Methods: Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of Depressive episode was made based on ICD-10 DCR. Psychometry, in the form of Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and HAMD (Hamilton depression rating scale) insomnia subscale was applied on Day 1 of admission. Patients were subjected to sleep study on Day 03 of admission with Polysomnography. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment post Polysomnography. An adequate trial of antidepressants for 08 weeks was administered and BDI score ≤09 was taken as remission. Polysomnography was repeated post remission. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed positive (improvement) polysomnographic findings in terms of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, percentage wake time and these findings were statistically significant. HAM-D Insomnia subscale was found to correlate with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and N2 Stage percentage.Conclusions: Antidepressant treatment effectively improves sleep architecture in Depressive disorder and HAM-D Insomnia subscale correlates with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and duration of N2 stage of NREM.

scholarly journals Home-Based Sleep Sensor Measurements in an Older Australian Population: Before and during a Pandemic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 5993
Author(s):  
Mahnoosh Kholghi ◽  
Claire M. Ellender ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Liesel Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Short Sleep Duration

Older adults are susceptible to poor night-time sleep, characterized by short sleep duration and high sleep disruptions (i.e., more frequent and longer awakenings). This study aimed to longitudinally and objectively assess the changes in sleep patterns of older Australians during the 2020 pandemic lockdown. A non-invasive mattress-based device, known as the EMFIT QS, was used to continuously monitor sleep in 31 older adults with an average age of 84 years old before (November 2019–February 2020) and during (March–May 2020) the COVID-19, a disease caused by a form of coronavirus, lockdown. Total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, time to bed, and time out of bed were measured across these two periods. Overall, there was no significant change in total sleep time; however, women had a significant increase in total sleep time (36 min), with a more than 30-min earlier bedtime. There was also no increase in wake after sleep onset and sleep onset latency. Sleep efficiency remained stable across the pandemic time course between 84–85%. While this sample size is small, these data provide reassurance that objective sleep measurement did not deteriorate through the pandemic in older community-dwelling Australians.

Abstract P340: Information on Bedtimes and Wake Times Improves the Relation Between Self-Reported and Objective Assessments of Sleep in Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Ayanna Campbell ◽  
Ismel Salazar ◽  
Theresa Pizinger ◽  
Ming Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sleep Studies ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Epidemiological studies often utilize self-reports to characterize total sleep time (TST). Studies provide discordant information on the association between self-reported and objective TST with some finding weak or no correlations and bias in reporting based on sex and body mass index. Objective: Our goal was to investigate the correlation between self-reported and objective measures of TST in a diverse sample of adult men and women volunteering to participate in sleep studies and determine whether sex, race/ethnicity, and weight status influence this association. Methods: Participants were individuals who screened for participation in sleep studies for whom we had >7 d of wrist actigraphy sleep data (TST obj ) and subjective total sleep time (TST PSQI ) reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire (n=53 men and 60 women; n=67 minority/Hispanics; age 30.9±9.7y; BMI 26.2±3.2kg/m 2 ). Results: Average TST PSQI was greater than TST obj (0.63±0.99h, p<0.0001). In univariate regression analyses, the difference between TST PSQI and TST obj did not vary by sex (ß=0.12, p=0.52), race/ethnicity (ß=0.15, p=0.48), age (ß=-0.01, p=0.27), or BMI (ß=0.04, p=0.13). Overall, there was no correlation between TST obj and TST PSQI (r=0.12, p=0.22), which did not vary when sex was analyzed separately (men: r=0.20, p=0.15; women: r=0.046, p=0.73). Interestingly, there were moderate and highly significant correlations between self-reported and objective assessments of bedtime (r=0.42, p<0.0001) and wake time (r=0.35, p<0.0001). We therefore used bedtime, waketime, and time to fall asleep information on the PSQI to calculate a new TST bed/wake . Average TST bed/wake was greater than TST obj (0.79±0.76h, p<0.0001). This measure was correlated with TST obj (r=0.57, p<0.0001); with strong correlation in women (r=0.76, p<0.0001) and moderate correlation in men (r=0.36, p=0.0082). In univariate regression, the difference between TST bed/wake and TST obj varied by age (ß=-0.020, p=0.0051), BMI (ß=0.054, p=0.0021), race/ethnicity (ß=0.36, p=0.021), and sleep efficiency (ß=-0.089, p<0.0001). Conclusions: Self-reported bedtimes and wake times were more accurately reported than estimated TST PSQI and provided a more reliable estimate of TST. In general, the degree of over-reporting was greater in younger and heavier individuals, non-White/Hispanics, and those with low sleep efficiency. Although self-reported assessments of sleep duration over-estimated objective measures by approximately 45 min, using information on habitual bedtimes, wake times, and time to fall asleep improved the relation in both men and women.

scholarly journals Sleep and its Association With Pain and Depression in Nursing Home Patients With Advanced Dementia – a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti Marie Blytt ◽  
Elisabeth Flo-Groeneboom ◽  
Ane Erdal ◽  
Bjørn Bjorvatn ◽  
Bettina S. Husebo
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: Previous research suggests a positive association between pain, depression and sleep. In this study, we investigate how sleep correlates with varying levels of pain and depression in nursing home (NH) patients with dementia.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study (n = 141) with sleep-related data, derived from two multicenter studies conducted in Norway. We included NH patients with dementia according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE ≤ 20) from the COSMOS trial (n = 46) and the DEP.PAIN.DEM trial (n = 95) whose sleep was objectively measured with actigraphy. In the COSMOS trial, NH patients were included if they were ≥65 years of age and with life expectancy &gt;6 months. In the DEP.PAIN.DEM trial, patients were included if they were ≥60 years and if they had depression according to the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD ≥ 8). In both studies, pain was assessed with the Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia-2 Pain Scale (MOBID-2), and depression with CSDD. Sleep parameters were total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), early morning awakening (EMA), daytime total sleep time (DTS) and time in bed (TiB). We registered use of sedatives, analgesics, opioids and antidepressants from patient health records and adjusted for these medications in the analyses.Results: Mean age was 86.2 years and 76.3% were female. Hierarchical regressions showed that pain was associated with higher TST and SE (p &lt; 0.05), less WASO (p &lt; 0.01) and more DTS (p &lt; 0.01). More severe dementia was associated with more WASO (p &lt; 0.05) and TiB (p &lt; 0.01). More severe depression was associated with less TST (p &lt; 0.05), less DTS (p &lt; 0.01) and less TiB (p &lt; 0.01). Use of sedative medications was associated with less TiB (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: When sleep was measured with actigraphy, NH patients with dementia and pain slept more than patients without pain, in terms of higher total sleep time. Furthermore, their sleep efficiency was higher, indicating that the patients had more sleep within the time they spent in bed. Patients with more severe dementia spent more time awake during the time spent in bed. Furthermore, people with more severe depression slept less at daytime and had less total sleep time Controlling for concomitant medication use did not affect the obtained results.

Comparative efficacy and safety of hypnotics for insomnia in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Yean Chiu ◽  
Hsin-Chien Lee ◽  
Jen-Wei Liu ◽  
Shi-Jun Hua ◽  
Pin-Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Onset Latency

Abstract Study Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of various hypnotics for identifying the best treatments for insomnia in older adults. Methods We searched the EMBASE, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I databases from the inception to September 12, 2020. Only randomized controlled trials comparing hypnotics with either another hypnotic or placebo for insomnia treatment in elderly people were included. Sleep outcomes, including total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, were derived from polysomnography, valid questionnaires, or sleep diaries. Results We identified 24 articles with 5917 older adults. Eszopiclone and low-dose doxepin were ranked the optimal therapy for prolonging objective and subjective total sleep time (26.69 and 28.19 min), respectively, compared to placebo. Zaleplon was the most effective therapy in reducing objective and subjective sleep onset latency (–21.63 and –15.86 min) compared with control. Temazepam was the best treatment for objective and subjective wake after sleep onset (–25.29 and –22.25 min) compared with control. Low-dose doxepin appeared to be the effective treatment for increasing objective sleep efficiency (6.08%) Triazolam showed the higher risk of overall adverse events (odds ratio, 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.74) when compared to zaleplon. Conclusions Considering study quality and the potential adverse effects of benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines, low-dose doxepin seems to be the optimal pharmacotherapy for the improvements in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Future RCTs investigating the treatment effects of hypnotics, particularly low-dose doxepin, on insomnia in older adults are warranted. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42016046301.

scholarly journals Training Schedule and Sleep in Adolescent Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Sigridur L. Gudmundsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Training Schedule ◽  
Early Training

Purpose: Insufficient sleep duration may affect athletic performance and health. Inconsistent sleep pattern also has negative health effects, but studies on athletes’ intraindividual sleep variability are scarce. The aim of this research was to compare total sleep time (TST) and variability (TST-variability), wakening after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency, during nights preceding early morning practices with other nights, and to investigate sleep characteristics of nights following a day with early morning only, evening only, or both a morning and an evening session in adolescent swimmers. Methods: Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure 1 week of sleep in 108 swimmers (mean age 16.1 [2.6] y) in Iceland. Adjusted regression analyses and linear mixed models were used to explore associations of training schedules with TST, TST-variability, wakening after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. Results: Mean TST was 6:32 (h:min) (±39 min) and TST-variability was 63 minutes (±25 min). TST decreased and TST-variability increased with more early morning practices. TST preceding early training was 5:36 and 5:06 in <16- and ≥16-year-olds, respectively, shorter than on nights preceding later or no morning training (P < .001). Conclusion: Swimmers have extremely short TST preceding early morning sessions and increased TST-variability with more early morning sessions.

A randomized Phase 2 study to evaluate the orexin-2 receptor antagonist seltorexant in individuals with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Boer ◽  
Wayne C Drevets ◽  
Hany Rofael ◽  
Peter van der Ark ◽  
Justine M Kent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Background: Seltorexant is a potent and selective antagonist of the orexin-2 receptor that is being developed for the treatment of insomnia and major depressive disorder. Aims: The primary objective was to investigate the effect of seltorexant on sleep efficiency after single and multiple dose administration in subjects with insomnia disorder without psychiatric comorbidity. Secondary objectives included evaluation of total sleep time, latency to persistent sleep, and wake after sleep onset. Subjects received 40 mg of seltorexant for five days during Period 1 and placebo during Period 2 or vice versa in this randomized, two-way crossover study. Objective sleep parameters were evaluated by polysomnography over 8 h on Day 1/2 (single dose) and on Day 5/6 (multiple doses). Subjective sleep parameters were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Twenty-seven subjects completed the study. The mean changes in sleep efficiency (% (SD)) of seltorexant from placebo at Day 1/2 were 5.8 (9.2), and 7.9 (9.8) at Day 5/6 ( p < 0.001 at both time points); in total sleep time (min (SD)) 27.7 (44.3) and 37.9 (47.1), respectively; in latency to persistent sleep (min (SD)) −18.8 (21.3) and −29.9 (27.7), respectively; and in wake after sleep onset (min (SD)) −11.1 (36.4) and −11.3 (46.5). The most common adverse events were headache and somnolence. Conclusions: Sleep efficiency was increased with seltorexant treatment compared with placebo. Treatment with seltorexant resulted in a prolonged total sleep time, shorter latency to persistent sleep and wake after sleep onset. There were no unexpected safety findings.

scholarly journals Delayed Lactogenesis II is Associated With Lower Sleep Efficiency and Greater Variation in Nightly Sleep Duration in the Third Trimester

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Theresa Casey ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Jennifer Crodian ◽  
Shelley Dowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Background: Metabolic and hormonal disturbances are associated with sleep disturbances and delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Research aims: The aim of this study was to measure sleep using wrist actigraphy during gestation weeks 22 and 32 to determine if sleep characteristics were associated with blood glucose, body mass index, gestational related disease, delayed onset of lactogenesis II, or work schedule. Methods: Demographic data were collected at study intake from primiparous women who wore a wrist actigraph during gestation weeks 22 ( n = 50) and 32 ( n = 44). Start and end sleep time, total nighttime sleep, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation were measured. Night to night variability was assessed with the root mean square of successive difference. Blood glucose levels, body mass index, and gestational disease data were abstracted from medical charts. Timing of lactogenesis II was determined by survey. Results: Between gestation week 22 and 32, sleep efficiency decreased and fragmentation increased ( p < .05). During gestation week 32, blood glucose was negatively correlated with sleep duration, and positively related to fragmentation ( p < .05). Women who experienced delayed lactogenesis II had lower sleep efficiency and greater fragmentation ( p < .05), and greater night-to-night variability in sleep start and end time, efficiency, and duration during gestation week 32 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Women with better sleep efficiency and more stable nightly sleep time are less likely to experience delayed onset of lactogenesis II. Interventions to improve sleep may improve maternal health and breastfeeding adequacy.

A Sleep Laboratory Evaluation of the Long-Term Efficacy of Zopiclone

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A.E. Fleming ◽  
Jean Bourgouin ◽  
Peter Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Sleep Studies ◽  
Metallic Taste ◽  
Hypnotic Medication ◽  
Drug Free

Six patients between the ages of 25 and 59, with chronic, primary insomnia received the new, non-benzodiazepine, hypnotic zopiclone continuously for 17 weeks after a drug free interval of 12 nights. To qualify for the study, sleep efficiency, determined by a sleep study on two, consecutive, placebo-controlled nights, had to be less than 75%. Patients evaluated their sleep by questionnaire and had sleep studies completed throughout active treatment. Zopiclone (7.5 mg) increased sleep efficiency by decreasing sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset and increasing total sleep time. Sleep architecture was minimally affected by zopiclone treatment; no significant changes in delta or REM sleep were observed. The commonest side effect was a bitter or metallic taste. No significant changes in biological functioning were noted throughout the study period. These findings indicate that zopiclone is a safe and effective hypnotic medication which maintains its effectiveness with protracted use.

scholarly journals P062 Sleep parameter validation of a home-based ballistocardiograph sleep tracker

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A41-A42
Author(s):  
M Kholghi ◽  
I Szollosi ◽  
M Hollamby ◽  
D Bradford ◽  
Q Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Monitoring ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Wake Detection

Abstract Introduction Consumer home sleep trackers are gaining popularity for objective sleep monitoring. Amongst them, non-wearable devices have little disruption in daily routine and need little maintenance. However, the validity of their sleep outcomes needs further investigation. In this study, the accuracy of the sleep outcomes of EMFIT Quantified Sleep (QS), an unobtrusive and non-wearable ballistocardiograph sleep tracker, was evaluated by comparing it with polysomnography (PSG). Methods 62 sleep lab patients underwent a single clinical PSG and their sleep measures were simultaneously collected through PSG and EMFIT QS. Total Sleep Time (TST), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), Sleep Onset Latency (SOL) and average Heart Rate (HR) were compared using paired t-tests and agreement analysed using Bland-Altman plots. Results EMFIT QS data loss occurred in 47% of participants. In the remaining 33 participants (15 females, with mean age of 53.7±16.5), EMFIT QS overestimated TST by 177.5±119.4 minutes (p&lt;0.001) and underestimated WASO by 44.74±68.81 minutes (p&lt;0.001). It accurately measured average resting HR and was able to distinguish SOL with some accuracy. However, the agreement between EMFIT QS and PSG on sleep-wake detection was very low (kappa=0.13, p&lt;0.001). Discussion A consensus between PSG and EMFIT QS was found in SOL and average HR. There was a significant discrepancy and lack of consensus between the two devices in other sleep outcomes. These findings indicate that while EMFIT QS is not a credible alternative to PSG for sleep monitoring in clinical and research settings, consumers may find some benefit from longitudinal monitoring of SOL and HR.

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