Habit Formation Among Regular Exercisers at Fitness Centers: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn Tappe ◽  
Ellen Tarves ◽  
Jayme Oltarzewski ◽  
Deirdra Frum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Fitness Clubs ◽  
Measurement Tools

Background:Predictive modeling for physical activity behavior has included many different psychological components, including planning, motivation, personality, and self-efficacy. However, habit formation in exercise maintenance has not been well explored and lacks reliable measurement tools. The current study explores novel survey questions that examine behavioral components of exercise habit, including frequency, environmental cuing, and temporal constancy of behavior. We then relate these concepts to an established psychological measure of habit, the Self-Report Habit Inventory (SRHI).Methods:One hundred and seventy-four exercisers were surveyed at 2 private fitness clubs. A single questionnaire was administered that included the SRHI and the novel behavioral questions developed from habit formation concepts.Results:Habit formation was reported by many of the exercisers. Participants scoring higher on the SRHI also reported higher frequency of physical activity and a higher probability of environmental cuing. Exercise frequency did not correlate well with environmental cuing.Conclusions:Habit formation appears relevant to the physical activity patterns of many regular exercisers. However, wide variation in response styles was evident suggesting further development and exploration of the novel questionnaire is warranted. The ultimate goals are to include habit in predictive models of physical activity, and then to inform interventions to increase exercise adherence.

scholarly journals Examining Influences on Boy’s and Girls’ Physical Activity Patterns: The A-CLASS Project

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Lee E.F. Graves ◽  
Lawrence Foweather ◽  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Class Project ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Negative Predictor ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Activities

Understanding children’s physical activity (PA) patterns and the factors that may influence PA are important for developing interventions within this population. One hundred and ten children aged 9–10 years from 8 schools had their PA patterns assessed over 7 days. Physiological and self-report data were also collected. Multilevel analyses revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness was a consistent, significant and positive predictor of weekday and weekend PA, while the availability of home sedentary activities was a significant but negative predictor of PA. Since a range of variables were associated with PA levels, intervention developers should be cognizant of variables that may influence children’s activity.

scholarly journals Lutein Intake and Blood Lutein Concentration Are Positively Associated with Physical Activity in Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Cooke ◽  
Alison Coates ◽  
Elizabeth Buckley ◽  
Jonathan Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
The Relationship

Lutein is a carotenoid that reduces the risk of some chronic diseases, possibly by altering physical activity behavior. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies examining the relationship between lutein status (dietary intake/blood concentration) and physical activity. Peer-reviewed studies published in Medline, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Embase were included if they reported a measure of association between lutein status and physical activity. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven reported positive associations, three reported mixed results, and three reported no association. Two studies used objective measures of lutein status (blood concentration) and physical activity (accelerometry) and reported positive associations, with correlations of ≥0.36 and differences of ≥57% in physical activity between upper and lower tertiles. Studies using self-report measures reported weaker correlations (r = 0.06 to 0.25), but still more physical activity (18% to ≥600% higher) in those with the highest compared with the lowest lutein status. Higher lutein status may be associated with higher levels of physical activity, which may contribute to a reduced risk of chronic disease.

Automatic Regulation Used in Sport and Exercise Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Rebar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Automatic Regulation ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Sport And Exercise

Much of our sport and physical activity behavior is regulated by processes occurring outside of conscious awareness. In contrast, most sport and physical activity research focuses on processes that are easily accessible by conscious introspection. More and more, however, research is demonstrating that automatic regulation is instrumental to our understanding of how to get people to maintain a physically active lifestyle and how to get the most out of people’s sports performance potential. Automatic regulation is the influence on our thoughts and actions that result from the mental network of associations we use to make sense of the world around us. Habits are automatic associations of cues with behavioral responses. Automatic evaluations are automatic associations of cues as being good or bad. Automatic schemas are automatic associations of cues with actual or ideal self-identity. These processes have been assessed with implicit measures by making indirect inferences from self-report or response latency tasks. Emerging research demonstrates that automatic associations influence sport performance and physical activity behavior, but further work is still needed to establish which type of automatic regulation is responsible for these influences and how automatic regulation and reflective processes interact to impact movement.

Tracking of physical activity during middle school transition in Iranian adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Taymoori ◽  
Tanya R Berry ◽  
David R Lubans
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Interpersonal Influences ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Activity Behavior

Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine changes in physical activity behavior, psychological factors and interpersonal influences associated with exercise behavior during the transition from secondary school to high school in Sanandaj, Iran. Design: Data were collected from students in 2006 ( N = 1,073), of whom 844 provided follow-up data in 2009. Setting: The students were in high school in 2009 (51% male) with a mean age of 16.42 ± 1.73 years. Method: Physical activity-related cognitions, interpersonal influences, and physical activity behavior were measured using self-report questionnaires. To assess the effects of time and sex on psychosocial factors, analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted. The relative stability of physical activity psychosocial correlates from wave 1 through wave 2 was assessed using Pearson product-moment correlations. Results: There were significant differences according to sex across time for physical activity, psychological variables and interpersonal influences associated with exercise activities. The girls were less active than boys at both time points. Girls reported lower self-efficacy and perceived more barriers and fewer perceived benefits for physical activity over time. Interpersonal influences on activity were more stable for girls than boys. Conclusion: The results offer evidence for decreasing physical activity in boys and girls and sex differences in cognitive variables and interpersonal influences. This is important for understanding how to address the problem of physical inactivity among Iranian youth.

Parental Influences on Physical Activity in Children: An Exploration of Potential Mechanisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
Kherrin Wood ◽  
Gina Morss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

This study examined the utility of a model to explain parental influence on children’s physical activity. Children (n = 994) from 3 elementary schools completed a survey with scales assessing physical activity, attraction to activity, perceived competence, and perceived parental influence. Self-report data on the physical activity levels of parents (n = 536) were also obtained to test the hypothesis that active parents may provide more encouragement and support for their children. The parental influence scales accounted for 20%, 26%, and 28% of the variance in physical activity, attraction to physical activity, and perceptions of competence, respectively. Correlations between parent and child levels of activity were low, but children of active parents had higher scores on the parental influence measures and psychosocial correlates than inactive parents. This study provides further confirmation of the important influence that parents exert on their child’s physical activity behavior.

Validity Evidence for Self-report With Assistance to Measure Physical Activity Behavior in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marquell Johnson ◽  
Joonkoo Yun ◽  
Jeffrey A. McCubbin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract Self-reported physical activity (PA) behavior with assistance from a secondary source has previously been used with adults with an intellectual disability (ID). Limited evidence of reliability and validity have been provided for this approach. This study examined evidence of convergent (CV) and discriminant (DV) validity for self-report with assistance from a secondary source as a measure of PA in adults with ID. PA of 37 participants with ID were assessed using (a) self-report, (b) accelerometers, and (c) pedometers. The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis was used to evaluate validity. MTMM analysis revealed high reliability among variables, low to strong CV, and moderate DV. The study outcomes provide initial convergent and discriminant validity evidence for this measure of PA in adults with ID.

scholarly journals Monitoring Physical Activity: Uses and Measurement Issues With Automated Counters

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Granner ◽  
Patricia A. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
Validation Research

Background:Promotion of physical activity is a public health priority, and environmental factors influence physical activity behavior. Valid and reliable automated measurement tools of physical activity for assessment and evaluation within public settings are needed.Methods:Searches of the research literature and governmental reports from physical activity, transportation, and recreation fields were conducted to identify methods of automated counting and validation studies. The article provides a summary of (a) current methods and uses of automated counters, (b) information about validity and reliability where available, (c) strengths and limitations of each method, and (d) measurement issues.Results:Existing automated counting technology has strengths and limitations. Infrared sensors have been the most commonly used type of monitor and can mark date and time of passage, but are vulnerable to errors due to environmental conditions; cannot detect more than one person passing at a time; cannot identify mode of activity or distinguish among individuals; and lack consistent and adequate reliability for use in open spaces. Seismic devices and inductive loops may be useful for specific applications. More information is needed concerning the validity and reliability of infrared sensors, seismic devices, and inductive loops for confined areas. Computer imaging systems hold potential to address some of the limitations of other automated counters and for applications in both confined and open areas, but validation research is in the initial stages.Conclusions:Although automated monitoring is a promising method for measurement of physical activity, more research is necessary to determine the acceptable parameters of performance for each type of automated monitor and for which applications each is best suited.

Why do they do it? Assessing self-report physical activity behavior and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 964-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S Fasczewski ◽  
Sara M Rothberger ◽  
Diane L Gill
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Activity Behavior

Physical activity has been shown to effectively aid multiple sclerosis symptom management; however, individuals with multiple sclerosis tend to be inactive physically. Developing effective, sustainable, physical activity interventions involves first understanding motivators for physical activity. Open-ended surveys exploring physical activity motivators were collected from 215 individuals with multiple sclerosis. Responses indicate that self-efficacy and internalized motivation derived from physical activity outcomes were motivators for physical activity, and physical activity was cited as increasing overall quality of life. Future physical activity interventions should incorporate methods for building self-efficacy for physical activity and focus on increasing awareness of the long-term physical benefits derived from physical activity.

scholarly journals Facilitating Exercise Habit Formation among Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6440
Author(s):  
Navin Kaushal ◽  
Marie Payer ◽  
Béatrice Bérubé ◽  
Martin Juneau ◽  
Louis Bherer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: The importance of promoting exercise adherence among individuals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is imperative. However, challenges in maintaining behavior among ACS patients are also well-documented. Emerging findings in the general population have supported the use of habit-formation techniques, which include incorporating routine consistency and cues, to be effective for facilitating exercise behavior. The effectiveness of habit formation approaches, however, has not been tested on participants with ACS. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of facilitating physical activity habits among patients with ACS in a two-arm, parallel design, randomized controlled pilot trial. Methods: Participants (n = 13) were older adult patients (M age = 64.20, SD = 5.35) with ACS who were referred to a cardiac rehabilitation center. The experimental group attended monthly group meetings from months 1–3 and received phone call follow-ups from months 4–6. Conclusions: The experimental group showed an increase in weekly moderate-to-vigorous level physical activity, M = 228.20 mins (SD = 112.45), compared with the control group, M = 151.17 (SD = 112.22), d = 0.61. The experimental condition also showed greater use of routine consistency (experimental: M = 4.60 (SD = 0.548); control: M = 3.76 (SD = 1.62)) and cue usage (experimental: M = 3.60 (SD = 0.471); control: M= 2.60 (SD = 0.398)) over the control condition at the six-month mark. The study supports the effectiveness of habit-building techniques among patients with ACS, with effect sizes ranging from a medium to large magnitude. Findings from this pilot study support a full clinical trial with larger sample size.

Physical Activity Patterns of Singaporean Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Sonk Lee ◽  
Stewart G. Trost
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Grade Levels

The purpose of this study was to document the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a representative sample of Singaporean adolescents. A random sample of 1,827 secondary school students from six secondary schools (929 boys, 898 girls, mean age 14.9 ± 1.2 yr) completed the Three-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) self-report instrument. Approximately 63% of Singaporean high school students met current guidelines requiring 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily. Just over half (51.6%) met the guideline calling for regular vigorous physical activity. Across all grade levels, boys were consistently more active than girls. More than 70% of Singaporean high school students exceeded the recommended 2 hours per day of electronic media use. Collectively, these findings suggest that a significant proportion of Singaporean adolescents are not sufficiently active and are in need of programs to promote physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior.

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