Associations of Physical Activity Policies With Sports Participation in EU Countries: Higher Overall Levels, Smaller Social Inequalities, and More Positive Trends Since 2009

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Marlena van Munster
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

Background: European Union member countries agreed on 23 health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) policy measures in 2013; however, the implementation of these measures varies considerably between countries. Hitherto, no evaluations have yet addressed the efficacy of these policies. Methods: Using a quantitative cross-country comparative approach and based on aggregate Eurobarometer data, this paper presents country-level associations between HEPA measures and the level of sports participation, the gender and educational inequalities of sports participation, and the change in sports participation from 2009 to 2017. Findings: The number of implemented HEPA policy measures is associated with higher levels and smaller social inequalities of sports participation in European Union countries. Moreover, HEPA measures correlate with more positive time trends in sports participation from 2009 to 2017. Conclusion: In addition to the many influencing factors at the individual and social levels, these findings lend support to the notion that sports participation can also be promoted at the national level by implementing specific HEPA policies.

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Marta Miedzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
The Eu

The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for the individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of this article is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detecting irregularities and fraud in the EU.

Economic Threat and Protest Behavior in Comparative Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Movement Participation

Resurgent interest in the role of economic threat in fostering movement participation has highlighted the importance of economic change. However, many of the insights of this approach are drawn from case studies of specific movements. Comparative research on economic threat has been relatively absent, leaving open the possibility that the influence of threat is limited to certain contexts. To remedy the empirical gap, this study takes advantage of a standardized, cross-national dataset (the 2004 International Social Survey Programme) to evaluate the recent claims. Using changes in the unemployment rate as a measure of economic threat, the results suggest that the mobilizing effects of economic uncertainty are strongest among those individuals who are most vulnerable to economic change—in this case, manual workers in liberal welfare states. By contrast, workers with more economic protection—either by virtue of their occupational position or their access to a more generous welfare system—are largely unresponsive to changing labor market conditions. The findings highlight the relevance of two sources of economic protection: social class at the individual level and welfare policies at the national level. The importance of focusing on the intersection of these levels and the benefits of a comparative approach to understanding the emergence of economic threat are discussed in conclusion.

scholarly journals Politik zur Bewegungsförderung in Deutschland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Messing ◽  
Sarah Forberger ◽  
Catherine Woods ◽  
Karim Abu-Omar ◽  
Peter Gelius
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
European Union ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Da Bewegungsmangel eine entscheidende Ursache für nichtübertragbare Erkrankungen ist, wurden sowohl von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) als auch von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern weltweit verschiedene Tools zum Monitoring und Audit bewegungsfördernder Politik entwickelt. Allerdings wurden diese Tools bisher noch nicht genutzt, um systematisch und umfassend Daten zu bewegungsfördernder Politik in Deutschland zu erheben und zu analysieren. Ziel der Arbeit Die Studie hat zum Ziel, die politischen Anstrengungen zur Bewegungsförderung in Deutschland in einem systematischen Überblick darzustellen. Material und Methoden Die Erhebung wurde im Rahmen des Projekts „Policy Evaluation Network“ (www.jpi-pen.eu) unter Nutzung des Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) Policy Audit Tools (PAT) der WHO durchgeführt. Datenquellen waren Erhebungen der WHO für das European Union Physical Activity Monitoring Framework, eigene Recherchearbeiten sowie eine Expertenbefragung. Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Spektrum der relevanten Akteure und bieten einen Überblick über aktuelle politische Maßnahmen sowie die Bereiche Surveillance, Evaluation und finanzielle Förderung. Darüber hinaus identifizieren sie wichtige Erfolge der aktuellen deutschen Politik sowie bestehende Herausforderungen. Diskussion Im internationalen Vergleich fällt auf, dass andere Länder im Gegensatz zu Deutschland messbare nationale Ziele für die Förderung von Bewegung formuliert haben. Hervorzuheben ist, dass Deutschland zu der Minderheit der Staaten mit spezifischen Bewegungsempfehlungen für Menschen mit nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen zählt. Eine besonders hohe Relevanz hat die Weiterentwicklung von Strukturen für Bewegungsförderung in Deutschland.

scholarly journals Reducing financial barriers through the implementation of voucher incentives to promote children’s participation in community sport in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Reece ◽  
C. McInerney ◽  
K. Blazek ◽  
B. C. Foley ◽  
L. Schmutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Annual Expenditure ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

Abstract Background Participation in organised sport and physical activity contributes to health-enhancing levels of leisure time physical activity. In Australia, 58% of children aged 0–14 years participated at least once a week in October 2015 – December 2017. To overcome the frequently cited cost barrier, sports voucher incentives have been widely implemented across Australia. Method The financial value of jurisdictional vouchers and the National median financial value were used to calculate the proportion of total annual expenditure on children’s participation in sport supported by sports vouchers. Participation rates using AusPlay data were estimated by age, sex and socio-economic index (SEIFA) at state and national level for children aged 0–14 years. Results Five States and Territories implemented sports vouchers from 2011 to 2018, with a median value of AU$150. Nationally, median annual expenditure for children’s sport participation was AU$447 (IQR $194.2–936), with 27% reported expenditure supported by a sports voucher. The proportion of financial support from sports vouchers increased considerably with social disadvantage, rising to over 60% of total expenditure in the most disadvantaged populations. Conclusions Socio-economic status was associated with sports-related expenditure and sports participation amongst children. Sport vouchers should target children in the most disadvantaged areas to promote participation in organised sport and physical activity.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF COVID-19 DATA: EVIDENCE FROM NEWCOMB-BENFORD LAW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Jošić ◽  
Berislav Žmuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benford Law ◽  
Made In

The COVID-19 infection started in Wuhan, China, spreading all over the world, creating global healthcare and economic crisis. Countries all over the world are fighting hard against this pandemic; however, there are doubts on the reported number of cases. In this paper Newcomb-Benford Law is used for the detection of possible false number of reported COVID-19 cases. The analysis, when all countries have been observed together, showed that there is a doubt that countries potentially falsify their data of new COVID-19 cases of infection intentionally. When the analysis was lowered on the individual country level, it was shown that most countries do not diminish their numbers of new COVID-19 cases deliberately. It was found that distributions of COVID-19 data for 15% to 19% of countries for the first digit analysis and 30% to 39% of countries for the last digit analysis do not conform with the Newcomb-Benford Law distribution. Further investigation should be made in this field in order to validate the results of this research. The results obtained from this paper can be important for economic and health policy makers in order to guide COVID-19 surveillance and implement public health policy measures.

scholarly journals Physical Activity of Adults: A Survey of Correlates, Determinants, and Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 376-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Cabane ◽  
Michael Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Empirical Economics ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Leisure Sports ◽  
The Individual

Summary We survey the literature on the link of labour market related outcomes to individual physical activity and sports participation. The first part of the survey is devoted to the individual participation decision and is based on papers from various disciplines. The second part summarises parts of the epidemiological literature on health effects and the economic literature on the labour market effects as well as on the effects on well-being and social capital. Somewhat surprisingly, at least for studies in empirical economics, all the papers seem to agree that individual leisure sports participation and physical activity has positive effects for adults.

scholarly journals Development of a public health emergency preparedness competency model for European Union countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Stoto ◽  
Elena Savoia ◽  
Christopher Nelson ◽  
Rachael Piltch-Loeb ◽  
Stefano Guicciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Training Programmes

In 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) developed a competency model for individuals who work in public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) in European Union (EU) countries. The model serves as the basis for developing competency-based training programmes to support professionals in PHEP efforts at the country level. The competency model describes the knowledge and skills professionals need when working in national-level PHEP, such as preparedness committee members or their equivalents. In order to develop the model, existing competency statements were reviewed, as well as case studies and reports. Fifty-three professionals from the EU and other countries provided feedback to the model by participating in a three-stage consultation process. The model includes 102 competency, 100 knowledge and 158 skill statements. In addition to specifying the appropriate content for training programmes, the proposed common competency model can help to standardise terminology and approaches to PHEP training.

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