scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Physical Activity, and Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity, in Informal Carers in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Joanna Horne ◽  
Nichola Kentzer ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Mike Trott ◽  
Jitka Vseteckova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Uk

Background: It is estimated that 17% of the UK adult population are informal carers, usually for a family member, with a majority reporting that they are not able to engage in physical activity as much as they would like. The aim of this review is to provide a greater understanding of the prevalence of, and barriers and facilitators to, physical activity of informal carers in the United Kingdom. Methods: A systematic review of relevant databases and grey literature was undertaken, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidance, from its inception until July 17, 2020. Results: Barriers to physical activity include increasing aging, not wanting to leave the caree alone, the caree being unable to take part in activities, health conditions, fatigue, lack of time, and difficulties in changing the routine for the caree. Facilitators include an appreciation of the benefits of engaging in exercise, previous participation in activities, group activities with similar people, and having some free time. Conclusions: Due to the paucity of research into the prevalence of, and barriers and facilitators to, physical activity in informal carers in the United Kingdom, this systematic review highlights the need for further research, focusing primarily on the physical activity of informal carers caring for individuals with a range of conditions. A further systematic review exploring these issues internationally is warranted.

scholarly journals Mortality of ethnic minority groups in the UK: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e034903
Author(s):  
Fiona Stanaway ◽  
Naomi Noguchi ◽  
Erin Mathieu ◽  
Saman Khalatbari-Soltani ◽  
Raj Bhopal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
White Majority ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionGrowing ethnic diversity in the UK has made it increasingly important to determine the presence of ethnic health inequalities. There has been no systematic review that has drawn together research on ethnic differences in mortality in the UK.MethodsAll types of observational studies that compare all-cause mortality between major ethnic groups and the white majority population in the UK will be included. We will search Medline (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), Scopus and Web of Science and search the grey literature through conference proceedings and online thesis registries. Searches will be carried out from inception to 2 August 2019 with no language or other restrictions. Database searches will be repeated prior to publication to identify new articles published since the initial search. We will conduct forward and backward citation tracking of identified references and consult with experts in the field to identify further publications and ongoing or unpublished studies. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. If at least two studies are located for each ethnic group and studies are sufficiently homogeneous, we will conduct a meta-analysis. If insufficient studies are located or if there is high heterogeneity we will produce a narrative summary of results.Ethics and disseminationAs no primary data will be collected, formal ethical approval is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in peer reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019146143.

scholarly journals Physically Active Lessons Meta-Analysis - Norris et al. POST-PRINT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Norris ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Artur Direito ◽  
Emmanuel Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: This review provides the first meta-analysis of the effects of physically active lessons on lesson-time and overall physical activity (PA), as well as health, cognition and educational outcomes. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Six meta-analyses pooled effects on lesson-time PA, overall PA, in-class educational and overall educational outcomes, cognition and health outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted using the metafor package in R. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for risk of bias. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and Web of Science, grey literature and reference lists were searched in December 2017 and April 2019. Studies eligibility criteria: Physically active lessons compared to a control group in a randomised or non-randomised design, within single component interventions in general school populations. Results: 42 studies (39 in preschool or elementary school settings, 27 randomised controlled trials) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and 37 of them were included across the six meta-analyses (n=12,663). Physically active lessons were found to produce large, significant increases in lesson-time PA (d=2.33; 95%CI 1.42, 3.25: k=16) and small, significant effects on overall PA (d= 0.32, 95%CI 0.18, 0.46: k=8). A large, significant effect was shown on lesson-time educational outcomes (d=0.81; 95%CI 0.47, 1.14: k=7) and a small, significant effect on overall educational outcomes (d=0.36, 95%CI [0.09, 0.63], k=25). No effects were seen on cognitive (k=3) or health outcomes (k=3). 25/42 studies had high risk of bias in at least 2 domains. Conclusion: In elementary and preschool settings, when physically active lessons were added into the curriculum they had a positive impact on both physical activity and educational outcomes. These findings support policy initiatives encouraging the incorporation of physically active lessons into teaching in elementary and preschool settings.

scholarly journals The Impact of Brexit on the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain of the United Kingdom: Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Milne-Ives ◽  
Ching Lam ◽  
Michelle van Velthoven ◽  
Edward Meinert
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The continuing uncertainty around Brexit has caused concern in the pharmaceutical industry and among health care professionals and patients. The exact consequences of Brexit on the pharmaceutical supply chain in the United Kingdom will depend on whether a deal is reached and what it entails, but it is likely to be affected by the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Regulatory issues and delays in supply have the potential to negatively affect the ability of UK residents to receive an adequate and timely supply of necessary medicines. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this protocol is to provide an overview and critical analysis of current perspectives on the effect of Brexit on the UK pharmaceutical supply chain. METHODS The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines will be used to structure this protocol. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Healthcare Management Information Consortium (HMIC), Cochrane, Web of Science, Business Source Complete, EconLit, and Economist Intelligence Unit will be conducted, as well as a Google and Nexis.UK search for grey literature such as reports, opinion pieces, and press releases. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of identified references and select studies according to the eligibility criteria. Any discrepancies will then be discussed and resolved. One reviewer will extract data from the included studies into a standardized form, which will be validated by a second reviewer. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool for any randomized controlled trials; quality will be assessed using the relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists; and grey literature will be assessed using the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) checklist. Outcomes include the agreement between sources on the potential, likelihood, and severity of the consequences of Brexit on the UK pharmaceutical supply chain. RESULTS Results will be included in the scoping review, which will be published in 2020. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review will summarize the currently expected consequences of Brexit on the UK pharmaceutical supply chain. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/17684

scholarly journals The association between balance and free-living physical activity in an older community-dwelling adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona I. McMullan ◽  
Suzanne M. McDonough ◽  
Mark A. Tully ◽  
Margaret Cupples ◽  
Karen Casson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Free Living

Care of Children at a Large Outdoor Music Festival in the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl P. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Special Events ◽  
The Uk

AbstractIntroduction:Limited data exist on the standard of care provided for children at mass gatherings and special events (MGSE). Some studies provide valuable insight into the proportion of pediatric patients that can be expected at various types of MGSEs, but an accurate breakdown of the range of pediatric conditions treated at major events has yet to be produced. Such data are essential for the preparation of MGSEs so that the health and safety of children at such events can be adequately safeguarded. The aim of this study is to examine the care requirements for children at a large, outdoor music festival in the United Kingdom.Methods:A retrospective review of all patient report forms (PRFs) from a large, outdoor music festival held in Leeds (UK) in 2003. Data were extracted from the PRFs using a standardized proforma and analyzed using an Excel computer program.Results:Pediatric cases contributed approximately 15% to the overall workload at the event. Children presented with a range of conditions that varied from those seen in the adult population. Children were more likely than adults to present for medical attention following crush injuries (OR = 2.536; 95% CI = 1.537–4.187); after a collapse/syncopal episode (OR = 2.687; 95% CI = 1.442–5.007); or complaining of nausea (OR = 3.484; 95% CI = 2.089–5.813). Alcohol/drugs were less likely to be involved in the precipitating cause for medical attention in children compared to adults (OR = 0.477; 95% CI = 0.250–0.912). No critical care incidents involving children were encountered during the event.Conclusions:Mass gatherings and special events in the UK, such as outdoor music festivals, can involve a large number of children who access medical care for a different range of conditions compared to adults. The care of children at large, outdoor music events should not be overlooked. Event planning in the UK should include measures to ensure that appropriately trained and equipped medical teams are used at music festivals to safeguard the welfare of children who may attend. Further research into this exciting area is required.

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Healthcare Reforms on Access to Emergency Department and Elective Surgery Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Reddy ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Harsha Shanthanna ◽  
Raechel Damarell ◽  
John Wakerman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review sought to identify whether health care reforms led to improvement in the emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) and elective surgery (ES) access in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42015016343), and nine databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language reports published between 1994 and 2014. We also searched relevant “grey” literature and websites. Included studies were checked for cited and citing papers. Primary studies corresponding to national and provincial ED and ES reforms in the four countries were considered. Only studies from Australia and the United Kingdom were eventually included, as no studies from the other two countries met the inclusion criteria. The reviewers involved in the study extracted the data independently using standardized forms. Studies were assessed for quality, and a narrative synthesis approach was taken to analyze the extracted data. The introduction of health care reforms in the form of time-based ED and ES targets led to improvement in ED LOS and ES access. However, the introduction of targets resulted in unintended consequences, such as increased pressure on clinicians and, in certain instances, manipulation of performance data.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators of physical activity in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review of qualitative evidence

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archontissa M Kanavaki ◽  
Alison Rushton ◽  
Nikolaos Efstathiou ◽  
Asma Alrushud ◽  
Rainer Klocke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Qualitative Evidence

Physical activity (PA), including engagement in structured exercise, has a key role in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, maintaining a physically active lifestyle is a challenge for people with OA. PA determinants in this population need to be understood better so that they can be optimised by public health or healthcare interventions and social policy changes.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators of PA for patients with hip or knee OA. Secondary objective is to explore differences in barriers and facilitators between (1) lifestyle PA and exercise and (2) PA uptake and maintenance.MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Grey literature and qualitative journals were searched. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme—Qualitative checklist and Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used for quality appraisal. Thematic synthesis was applied.FindingsTen studies were included, seven focusing on exercise regimes, three on overall PA. The findings showed a good fit with the biopsychosocial model of health. Aiming at symptom relief and mobility, positive exercise experiences and beliefs, knowledge, a ‘keep going’ attitude, adjusting and prioritising PA, having healthcare professionals’ and social support emerged as PA facilitators. Pain and physical limitations; non-positive PA experiences, beliefs and information; OA-related distress; a resigned attitude; lack of motivation, behavioural regulation, professional support and negative social comparison with coexercisers were PA barriers. All themes were supported by high and medium quality studies. Paucity of data did not allow for the secondary objectives to be explored.ConclusionOur findings reveal a complex interplay among physical, personal including psychological and social-environmental factors corresponding to the facilitation and hindrance of PA, particularly exercise, engagement. Further research on the efficacy of individualised patient education, psychological interventions or social policy change to promote exercise engagement and lifestyle PA in individuals with lower limb OA is required.Trial registration numberCRD42016030024.

scholarly journals “Girls Aren’t Meant to Exercise”: Perceived Influences on Physical Activity among Adolescent Girls—The HERizon Project

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Emma S. Cowley ◽  
Paula M. Watson ◽  
Lawrence Foweather ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
Andrew Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Socioecological Framework

Background. Adolescent girls are less active than boys, with approximately 10% of girls in Ireland and the United Kingdom meeting the minimum recommended daily physical activity (PA) guidelines. This study investigated factors perceived to influence PA among adolescent girls from low socioeconomic areas in order to inform the design of a future intervention (The HERizon Project). Methods. A total of 48 adolescent girls (13–18 years) from low socioeconomic areas of the United Kingdom and Ireland participated in focus groups (n = 8), to explore perspectives of physical activity and the influence of gender within this. Focus groups were thematically analyzed and interpreted within a socioecological framework. Results. Most girls enjoyed PA and were aware of its benefits. They identified both barriers and facilitators to PA at intrapersonal (fear of judgement and changing priorities WITH age), interpersonal (changing social pressures and support from others) and organizational (delivery of PE) levels. Gender inequality was a multilevel factor, crossing all socioecological levels. Conclusion. Although many adolescent girls enjoy PA, their experiences appear to be limited by a fear of judgement and an overarching sense of gender inequality. Future interventions, such as the HERizon Project, should address influences at intrapersonal, interpersonal and organizational levels to promote positive PA experiences for adolescent girls.

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