scholarly journals Mortality of ethnic minority groups in the UK: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e034903
Author(s):  
Fiona Stanaway ◽  
Naomi Noguchi ◽  
Erin Mathieu ◽  
Saman Khalatbari-Soltani ◽  
Raj Bhopal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
White Majority ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionGrowing ethnic diversity in the UK has made it increasingly important to determine the presence of ethnic health inequalities. There has been no systematic review that has drawn together research on ethnic differences in mortality in the UK.MethodsAll types of observational studies that compare all-cause mortality between major ethnic groups and the white majority population in the UK will be included. We will search Medline (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), Scopus and Web of Science and search the grey literature through conference proceedings and online thesis registries. Searches will be carried out from inception to 2 August 2019 with no language or other restrictions. Database searches will be repeated prior to publication to identify new articles published since the initial search. We will conduct forward and backward citation tracking of identified references and consult with experts in the field to identify further publications and ongoing or unpublished studies. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. If at least two studies are located for each ethnic group and studies are sufficiently homogeneous, we will conduct a meta-analysis. If insufficient studies are located or if there is high heterogeneity we will produce a narrative summary of results.Ethics and disseminationAs no primary data will be collected, formal ethical approval is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in peer reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019146143.

scholarly journals Diet quality during preconception or pregnancy and gestational weight gain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033130
Author(s):  
Yamei Yu ◽  
Isabelle Hardy ◽  
Wenguang Sun ◽  
Dean A Fergusson ◽  
William Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Scientific Meetings

IntroductionInappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG), including inadequate and excessive GWG, has become pandemic across nations and continents. This review aims to synthesise the evidence on the correlation between diet quality and GWG. If this association is confirmed, improving diet quality could become an intervention target in the efforts to reduce inappropriate GWG.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of all prospective cohort studies on diet quality in preconception or pregnancy and GWG. Our secondary outcomes include gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and birth weight. A comprehensive search of all published articles in MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Food Science and Technology Abstracts (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCOHost), from database creation to 20 April 2019, will be conducted. Studies will be screened for eligibility by title, abstract and full text in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results will be reported following the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the effect size reported as OR with 95% CI using both fixed-effect and random-effect models. I2 statistics and visual inspection of the forest plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. We aim to publish the results of this study in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at conferences and scientific meetings to promote knowledge transfer.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019128732

scholarly journals Impact of multimorbidity on healthcare costs and utilisation: a systematic review of the UK literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (702) ◽  
pp. e39-e46
Author(s):  
Marina Soley-Bori ◽  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
Alessandra Bisquera ◽  
Hiten Dodhia ◽  
Rebecca Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundManaging multimorbidity is complex for both patients and healthcare systems. Patients with multimorbidity often use a variety of primary and secondary care services. Country-specific research exploring the healthcare utilisation and cost consequences of multimorbidity may inform future interventions and payment schemes in the UK.AimTo assess the relationship between multimorbidity, healthcare costs, and healthcare utilisation; and to determine how this relationship varies by disease combinations and healthcare components.Design and settingA systematic review.MethodThis systematic review followed the bidirectional citation searching to completion method. MEDLINE and grey literature were searched for UK studies since 2004. An iterative review of references and citations was completed. Authors from all articles selected were contacted and asked to check for completeness of UK evidence. The National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool was used to assess risk of bias. Data were extracted, findings synthesised, and study heterogeneity assessed; meta-analysis was conducted when possible.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified: seven predicting healthcare costs and 10 healthcare utilisation. Multimorbidity was found to be associated with increased total costs, hospital costs, care transition costs, primary care use, dental care use, emergency department use, and hospitalisations. Several studies demonstrated the high cost of depression and of hospitalisation associated with multimorbidity.ConclusionIn the UK, multimorbidity increases healthcare utilisation and costs of primary, secondary, and dental care. Future research is needed to examine whether integrated care schemes offer efficiencies in healthcare provision for multimorbidity.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Physical Activity, and Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity, in Informal Carers in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Joanna Horne ◽  
Nichola Kentzer ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Mike Trott ◽  
Jitka Vseteckova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Uk

Background: It is estimated that 17% of the UK adult population are informal carers, usually for a family member, with a majority reporting that they are not able to engage in physical activity as much as they would like. The aim of this review is to provide a greater understanding of the prevalence of, and barriers and facilitators to, physical activity of informal carers in the United Kingdom. Methods: A systematic review of relevant databases and grey literature was undertaken, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidance, from its inception until July 17, 2020. Results: Barriers to physical activity include increasing aging, not wanting to leave the caree alone, the caree being unable to take part in activities, health conditions, fatigue, lack of time, and difficulties in changing the routine for the caree. Facilitators include an appreciation of the benefits of engaging in exercise, previous participation in activities, group activities with similar people, and having some free time. Conclusions: Due to the paucity of research into the prevalence of, and barriers and facilitators to, physical activity in informal carers in the United Kingdom, this systematic review highlights the need for further research, focusing primarily on the physical activity of informal carers caring for individuals with a range of conditions. A further systematic review exploring these issues internationally is warranted.

scholarly journals Gender-specific design and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions against cognitive decline and dementia–protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256826
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Zuelke ◽  
Steffi G. Riedel-Heller ◽  
Felix Wittmann ◽  
Alexander Pabst ◽  
Susanne Roehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Gender Specific

Introduction Dementia is a public health priority with projected increases in the number of people living with dementia worldwide. Prevention constitutes a promising strategy to counter the dementia epidemic, and an increasing number of lifestyle interventions has been launched aiming at reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Gender differences regarding various modifiable risk factors for dementia have been reported, however, evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of lifestyle trials is lacking. Therefore, we aim to systematically review evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of trials targeting cognitive decline and dementia. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases MEDLINE (PubMed interface), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ALOIS will be searched for eligible studies using a predefined strategy, complemented by searches in clinical trials registers and Google for grey literature. Studies assessing cognitive function (overall measure or specific subdomains) as outcome in dementia-free adults will be included, with analyses stratified by level of cognitive functioning at baseline: a) cognitively healthy b) subjective cognitive decline 3) mild cognitive impairment. Two reviewers will independently evaluate eligible studies, extract data and determine methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)-criteria. If sufficient data with regards to quality and quantity are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval will be required as no primary data will be collected. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021235281.

scholarly journals Biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery after a minor transport-related injury: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Samoborec ◽  
Rasa Ruseckaite ◽  
Lorena Romero ◽  
Sue M Evans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionGlobally, road transport accidents contribute substantially to the number of deaths and also to the burden of disability. Up to 50 million people suffer a transport-related non-fatal injury each year, which often leads to long-term disability. It has been shown that substantial number of people with minor injuries struggle to recover and the reasons are still not well explored.Despite the high prevalence, little is known about the factors hindering recovery following minor traffic-related injuries. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for the systematic review aiming to understand biopsychosocial factors related to non-recovery and identify current gaps in the literature.Methods and analysisThe review will be conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol guidelines. A search of the electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, will be undertaken, in addition to Google Scholar and grey literature to identify studies in period from 2006 to 2016. Quantitative and qualitative research articles describing and identifying biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery and health outcomes such as pain, disability, functional recovery, health-related quality of life, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and return to work will be included. A conceptual framework developed to identify biopsychosocial factors will be applied to assure defined criterion.At present, there is little anticipation for meta-analyses due to the heterogeneity of factors and outcomes assessed. Therefore, a narrative synthesis based on study findings will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Review results will be published as a part of thesis, peer-reviewed journal and conferences.Trialregistration numberPROSPEROregistration number: CRD42016052276.

scholarly journals What is the relationship between validated frailty scores and mortality for adults with COVID-19 in acute hospital care? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D Cosco ◽  
John Best ◽  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Daniele Bryden ◽  
Suzanne Arkill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Quality Grading ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background and Aim The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between frailty and COVID-19 in relation to mortality in hospitalised patients. Methods Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the grey literature were searched for papers from inception to 10 September 2020; the search was re-run in Medline up until the 9 December 2020. Screening, data extraction and quality grading were undertaken by two reviewers. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics, including a meta-analysis of overall mortality; the relationships between frailty and COVID-19 mortality were summarised narratively. Results A total of 2,286 papers were screened resulting in 26 being included in the review. Most studies were from Europe, half from the UK, and one from Brazil; the median sample size was 242.5, median age 73.1 and 43.5% were female. In total, 22/26 used the Clinical Frailty Scale; reported mortality ranged from 14 to 65%. Most, but not all studies showed an association between increasing frailty and a greater risk of dying. Two studies indicated a sub-additive relationship between frailty, COVID-19 and death, and two studies showed no association. Conclusions Whilst the majority of studies have shown a positive association between COVID-19-related death and increasing frailty, some studies suggested a more nuanced understanding of frailty and outcomes in COVID-19 is needed. Clinicians should exert caution in placing too much emphasis on the influence of frailty alone when discussing likely prognosis in older people with COVID-19 illness.

scholarly journals Estimating the global cost of vision impairment and its major causes: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036689
Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Marques ◽  
Jacqueline Ramke ◽  
John Cairns ◽  
Thomas Butt ◽  
Justine H Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Costs Of Illness ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Global Cost

IntroductionVision impairment (VI) places a burden on individuals, health systems and society in general. In order to support the case for investing in eye health services, an updated cost of illness study that measures the global impact of VI is necessary. To perform such a study, a systematic review of the literature is needed. Here we outline the protocol for a systematic review to describe and summarise the costs associated with VI and its major causes.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search in Medline (Ovid) and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database which includes the National Health Service Economics Evaluation Database. No language or geographical restriction will be applied. Additional literature will be identified by reviewing the references in the included studies and by contacting field experts. Grey literature will be considered. The review will include any study published from 1 January 2000 to November 2019 that provides information about costs of illness, burden of disease and/or loss of well-being in participants with VI due to an unspecified cause or due to one of the seven leading causes globally.Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract relevant data from included studies. Methodological quality of economic studies will be assessed based on the British Medical Journal checklist for economic submissions adapted to costs of illness studies. This protocol has been prepared following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols and has been published prospectively in Open Science Framework.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this review. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.Registration detailshttps://osf.io/9au3w (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6F8VM).

scholarly journals Does cognitive behaviour therapy affect peripheral inflammation of depression? A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048162
Author(s):  
Bing Cao ◽  
Ruonan Li ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Jiatong Xu ◽  
Haijing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Peripheral Inflammation ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is becoming the most commonly implemented and standard treatment for depression. Up to date, only a few numbers of studies have investigated the potential relationship between CBT and the change of inflammatory biomarkers in individuals of depression. And the results are inconsistent among studies. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive, systematic review of the association between CBT and changes of peripheral inflammation of individuals with depression, and clarify the alterations of inflammatory cytokines pre-CBT and post-CBT treatment by meta-analysis, anti-inflammatory.Methods and analysisThis study will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search of predetermined terms will be conducted with electronic databases of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO from inception to July 2021. Database searches will be supplemented by expert contact, reference and citation checking, and grey literature. Primary outcomes of interest will be validated measures for levels of inflammatory cytokines pre-CBT and post- CBT treatment in individuals with depression. Hedges’ g will be used to represent the effect size.Systematic review registrationThe protocol of current meta-analysis has been registered at the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/tr9yh).Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required by the National Ethical Review Board in China as primary data will not be collected. The results alterations of peripheral inflammatory cytokines pre-CBT and post-CBT treatment in individuals with depression will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and inform the most up-to-date evidence of the roles of CBT treatment for depression.

scholarly journals Who Is Doing the Housework in Multicultural Britain?

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Yee Kan ◽  
Heather Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
White Majority ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

There is an extensive literature on the domestic division of labour within married and cohabiting couples and its relationship to gender equality within the household and the labour market. Most UK research focuses on the white majority population or is ethnicity ‘blind’, effectively ignoring potentially significant intersections between gender, ethnicity, socio-economic position and domestic labour. Quantitative empirical research on the domestic division of labour across ethnic groups has not been possible due to a lack of data that enables disaggregation by ethnic group. We address this gap using data from a nationally representative panel survey, Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study containing sufficient sample sizes of ethnic minority groups for meaningful comparisons. We find significant variations in patterns of domestic labour by ethnic group, gender, education and employment status after controlling for individual and household characteristics.

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

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