Measuring Physical Environments of Parks and Playgrounds: EAPRS Instrument Development and Inter-Rater Reliability

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. S190-S207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Saelens ◽  
Lawrence D. Frank ◽  
Christopher Auffrey ◽  
Robert C. Whitaker ◽  
Hillary L. Burdette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Instrument Development ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Activity Settings ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Public Recreation ◽  
Play Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement

Background:Reliable and comprehensive measurement of physical activity settings is needed to examine environment-behavior relations.Methods:Surveyed park professionals (n = 34) and users (n = 29) identified park and playground elements (e.g., trail) and qualities (e.g., condition). Responses guided observational instrument development for environmental assessment of public recreation spaces (EAPRS). Item inter-rater reliability was evaluated following observations in 92 parks and playgrounds. Instrument revision and further reliability testing were conducted with observations in 21 parks and 20 playgrounds.Results:EAPRS evaluates trail/path, specific use (e.g., picnic), water-related, amenity (e.g., benches), and play elements, and their qualities. Most EAPRS items had good-excellent reliability, particularly presence/number items. Reliability improved from the original (n = 1088 items) to revised (n = 646 items) instrument for condition, coverage/shade, and openness/visibility items. Reliability was especially good for play features, but cleanliness items were generally unreliable.Conclusions:The EAPRS instrument provides comprehensive assessment of parks’ and playgrounds’ physical environment, with generally high reliability.

Inspiration Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene GONÇALVES ◽  
Katja THORING ◽  
Roland M. MUELLER ◽  
Petra BADKE-SCHAUB ◽  
Pieter DESMET
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Causal Graph ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Creative Learning ◽  
Design Students

Building on the assumption that the physical environment can have an influence on the creativity of designers and design students in particular, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical propositions and evidences for this relationship. We develop various propositions about the influence of physical environments on creativity, based on eight expert interviews and supported by literature. A particular focus was given to the environments of design educational institutions. We present a summary of the main insights and visualize the developed propositions as a causal graph addressing how space influences creativity. These propositions can be regarded as a first step towards a theory of creativity-supporting learning environments and they can serve as a reference when designing or adjusting creative learning spaces.

scholarly journals Architecture and Mental Disorders: A Systematic Study of Peer-Reviewed Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097376
Author(s):  
Mais M. Aljunaidy ◽  
Mohamad Nadim Adi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physical Environments

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.

Inter-rater Reliability Testing of the Safety Protocol for Thirst Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel A. do Nascimento ◽  
Ligia F. Fonseca ◽  
Claudia B. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Rater Reliability

Assessment of Climate Change and the Sustainable Refurbishment of the Northern Paiwan Slabstone House in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
Li Mei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Typhoon Season

Climate change has increased the vulnerability of physical environments and natural disasters can cause serious loses. Climate change and the plight of the world's indigenous people of Taiwan, the South Island nation and other aboriginal peoples of the world has been a very popular topic and the similarities and differences of both situations are being discussed; it has been suggested that each country should develop its own system to evaluate the disaster risk caused by climate change. Therefore, this study is based on the climate circumstance that drafts evaluation indexes through literature and now saves the most completed existing slabstone houses as the case, review and experts workshop. Furthermore, this study sorts evaluation indexes through the Fussy Delphi method. Finally, the entire evaluation system includes three themes: climate change factor, physical environment condition, and social economic condition. Indictors include: typhoon season, rainy season, summer, geological hazards sensitive area, awaiting migration of the settlements, and slabstone house renovation system.

scholarly journals A serious leisure perspective of culinary tourism co-creation: the influence of prior knowledge, physical environment and service quality

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Prayag ◽  
Martin Joseph Gannon ◽  
Birgit Muskat ◽  
Babak Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Serious Leisure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culinary Tourism ◽  
Experiential Consumption ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Serious Leisure Perspective

Purpose Recognising tourists’ increasing desire for authentic destination-specific experiences, the hospitality industry has responded by increasing provision of innovative culinary activities. This study aims to use the concepts of serious leisure and terroir to examine how knowledge, physical environment and service quality influence co-creation within the culinary tourism context. Design/methodology/approach Following cooking class participation, 575 domestic Iranian tourists were surveyed. These educational classes provide opportunities to learn about local foods alongside peers in an interactive setting. Consistent with the benefits of serious leisure, this consumption context could prove conducive to stimulating co-creation. Findings Prior knowledge strongly influences tourists’ reflective and recreational motives for participation (i.e. the benefits of serious leisure). This shapes how tourists evaluate physical environments and service quality therein; influencing value co-creation and supporting serious leisure as the conceptual lens through which to understand experiential culinary consumption. Research limitations/implications The proposed conceptual model was tested on domestic tourists following class participation. However, in suggesting that visually-stimulating, tactile premises with the olfactory appeal can encourage co-created experiences, the findings are relevant to service touch-point management more generally. Originality/value Recognizing the influential role played by the physical and social aspects of experiential consumption, the serious leisure framework improves an extant understanding of value co-creation.

scholarly journals ADAPTASI ALAT UKUR MINAT MENELITI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Immanuel Yosua ◽  
Desty Lovina ◽  
Dessy Eka Purnama ◽  
Benedicta P. Dwi Riyanti ◽  
Magdalena S. Halim
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Interest In Research

This study aimed to adapt the measurement of Interest in Research developed by Bishop Bieschke (1998). This development is necessary to map the potential of lecturers in research interest. This further will be useful for the development of programs or policies that facilitate the increasing of lecturer interest towards research. The measurement tools that have been adapted here, comprising Research Self-Efficacy and Interest in Research. Based on previous finding, these two were more significant in predicting Research Productivity (Bieschke, Herbert, Bard, 1998). The development of these measurements was analyzed by the construct validity testing, criterion-based validity testing, and reliability testing. The result of the construct validity testing of the Research Self-Efficacy by using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) has exhibited three dimensions namely: Research Implementation, Research Planning, and Research Teamwork. The result of criterion-based validity testing has indicated a significant positive correlation between Research Self-Efficacy and Research Productivity (r) = .321, p.01) and between Interest in Research and Research Productivity (r) = .229, p.01). Whilst the result of reliability testing has indicated that both measuring instruments have high reliability, that is equal to .981 for Research Self-Efficacy, and .953 for Interest in Research.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of inertial sensors for elbow and wrist range of motion assessment

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9687
Author(s):  
Vanina Costa ◽  
Óscar Ramírez ◽  
Abraham Otero ◽  
Daniel Muñoz-García ◽  
Sandra Uribarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Flexion Extension

Background Elbow and wrist chronic conditions are very common among musculoskeletal problems. These painful conditions affect muscle function, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the joint’s Range Of Motion (ROM). Due to their portability and ease of use, goniometers are still the most widespread tool for measuring ROM. Inertial sensors are emerging as a digital, low-cost and accurate alternative. However, whereas inertial sensors are commonly used in research studies, due to the lack of information about their validity and reliability, they are not widely used in the clinical practice. The goal of this study is to assess the validity and intra-inter-rater reliability of inertial sensors for measuring active ROM of the elbow and wrist. Materials and Methods Measures were taken simultaneously with inertial sensors (Werium™ system) and a universal goniometer. The process involved two physiotherapists (“rater A” and “rater B”) and an engineer responsible for the technical issues. Twenty-nine asymptomatic subjects were assessed individually in two sessions separated by 48 h. The procedure was repeated by rater A followed by rater B with random order. Three repetitions of each active movement (elbow flexion, pronation, and supination; and wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation) were executed starting from the neutral position until the ROM end-feel; that is, until ROM reached its maximum due to be stopped by the anatomy. The coefficient of determination (r2) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The Standard Error of the Measurement and the Minimum Detectable Change and a Bland–Altman plots were also calculated. Results Similar ROM values when measured with both instruments were obtained for the elbow (maximum difference of 3° for all the movements) and wrist (maximum difference of 1° for all the movements). These values were within the normal range when compared to literature studies. The concurrent validity analysis for all the movements yielded ICC values ≥0.78 for the elbow and ≥0.95 for the wrist. Concerning reliability, the ICC values denoted a high reliability of inertial sensors for all the different movements. In the case of the elbow, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ICC values range from 0.83 to 0.96 and from 0.94 to 0.97, respectively. Intra-rater analysis of the wrist yielded ICC values between 0.81 and 0.93, while the ICC values for the inter-rater analysis range from 0.93 to 0.99. Conclusions Inertial sensors are a valid and reliable tool for measuring elbow and wrist active ROM. Particularly noteworthy is their high inter-rater reliability, often questioned in measurement tools. The lowest reliability is observed in elbow prono-supination, probably due to skin artifacts. Based on these results and their advantages, inertial sensors can be considered a valid assessment tool for wrist and elbow ROM.

Performance of the Upper Limb Module—A Reliable and Valid Evaluation for Chinese Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen Yee Alice Chiu ◽  
Chun Wai Lo ◽  
Chi Kuk Connie Hui ◽  
Wai Chong Susanna Choi ◽  
So Lun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Rater Reliability

Abstract Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease leading to progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Effective assessment tool is needed to allow monitoring of progress to guide the management. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the Performance of Upper Limb (PUL) Module when used in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). MethodsTotal thirty-three Chinese DMD patients were included. Twenty-five video-recorded PUL Module version 1.3 assessments were performed for the recruited patients with three raters evaluated the same recorded video for inter-rater reliability and evaluated the same performance one month later for intra-rater reliability. Construct validity was assessed correlating the PUL Module scores with the patients’ age, their forced vital capacity (N=25) and their Hammersmith motor scale scores (N=25) performed on the same day. ResultsThe intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.92 - 0.99), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 - 0.99) and known groups validity (AUC 0.97) of PUL module were excellent. PUL was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.912), and positively correlated with the forced vital capacity (r = 0.87) and the Hammersmith motor scale (r = 0.84). The findings confirm the high reliability and validity of PUL module, and its high clinical relevancy in monitoring the deteriorating upper limb motor performance that strongly correlated with the lung function and generalized motor performance as age increased in DMD. ConclusionThis first study of PUL module in Chinese patients with DMD confirmed that it is a reliable valid tool to monitor clinical progress and outcome for DMD.

scholarly journals Evaluating the credibility of anchor based estimates of minimal important differences for patient reported outcomes: instrument development and reliability study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Devji ◽  
Alonso Carrasco-Labra ◽  
Anila Qasim ◽  
Mark Phillips ◽  
Bradley C Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Instrument Development ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Minimal Important Differences ◽  
Transition Rating ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Abstract Objective To develop an instrument to evaluate the credibility of anchor based minimal important differences (MIDs) for outcome measures reported by patients, and to assess the reliability of the instrument. Design Instrument development and reliability study. Data sources Initial criteria were developed for evaluating the credibility of anchor based MIDs based on a literature review (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases) and the experience of the authors in the methodology for estimation of MIDs. Iterative discussions by the team and pilot testing with experts and potential users facilitated the development of the final instrument. Participants With the newly developed instrument, pairs of masters, doctoral, or postdoctoral students with a background in health research methodology independently evaluated the credibility of a sample of MID estimates. Main outcome measures Core credibility criteria applicable to all anchor types, additional criteria for transition rating anchors, and inter-rater reliability coefficients were determined. Results The credibility instrument has five core criteria: the anchor is rated by the patient; the anchor is interpretable and relevant to the patient; the MID estimate is precise; the correlation between the anchor and the outcome measure reported by the patient is satisfactory; and the authors select a threshold on the anchor that reflects a small but important difference. The additional criteria for transition rating anchors are: the time elapsed between baseline and follow-up measurement for estimation of the MID is optimal; and the correlations of the transition rating with the baseline, follow-up, and change score in the patient reported outcome measures are satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability coefficients (ĸ) for the core criteria and for one item from the additional criteria ranged from 0.70 to 0.94. Reporting issues prevented the evaluation of the reliability of the three other additional criteria for the transition rating anchors. Conclusions Researchers, clinicians, and healthcare policy decision makers can consider using this instrument to evaluate the design, conduct, and analysis of studies estimating anchor based minimal important differences.

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