Progressive Improvement in Glucose Tolerance Following Lower-Intensity Resistance Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training in Older Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta DiPietro ◽  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
James Dziura
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Background:Few studies have compared long-term moderate-intensity aerobic versus light-resistance training on serial improvements in glucose tolerance in older people.Methods:Healthy, inactive older (74 ± 5 [SD] years) women (N = 20) were randomized into either a high-volume, moderate-intensity aerobic (ATM, n = 12) or a lower-intensity resistance training (RTL, n = 8) group. Both groups exercised under supervision 4 times per week for 45- to 60-minute sessions over 9 months. Measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months 48 hours after the last exercise session.Results:We observed significant improvements in 2-hour glucose concentrations at 3, 6, and 9 months among women in the RTL (152 ± 42 vs 134 ± 33 vs 134 ± 24 vs 130 ± 27 mg · dL−1; P < .05), but not the ATM (151 ± 25 vs 156 ± 37 vs 152 ± 40 vs 155 ± 39 mg · dL−1) group. These improvements were accompanied by an 18% (P < .07) decrease in basal FFA concentrations in the RTL group, whereas basal and 30-minute FFA concentrations increased (P < .05) after training in the ATM group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the net physiological benefits of exercise might have been blunted in the ATM group, owing to higher circulating levels of FFA, which might have temporarily interfered with insulin action.

Reproductive fluids, added to the culture media, contribute to minimizing phenotypical differences between in vitro-derived and artificial insemination-derived piglets

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Evelyne París-Oller ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Ramsés Belda-Pérez ◽  
Lucía Sarriás-Gil ◽  
Jordana S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

Abstract The addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.

Surgical outcome after repeated transsphenoidal surgery in acromegaly

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Long ◽  
Hugues Beauregard ◽  
Maurice Somma ◽  
Ronald Comtois ◽  
Omar Serri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy is the most efficient primary treatment for acromegaly. However, management of persistent or recurrent disease remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the early and long-term efficacy and safety of a second transsphenoidal surgery performed in those cases. The results of a retrospective study of 16 patients undergoing reoperation by the senior author (J.H.) between 1970 and 1991 are reported. Reoperation was performed for persistent or progressive acromegaly in 11 patients, visual impairment in four, and disease recurrence in one. Normalization of growth hormone (GH) was defined as a basal GH level of less than 5µg/L and suppression to less than 2 µg/L during the oral glucose tolerance test. Long-term follow-up data were available in 15 patients. The second transsphenoidal surgery induced a greater than 50% decrease of GH level in 11 patients. Three (19%) of 16 patients were cured according to the authors' criteria and remained so after 2, 7, and 20 years. Two more patients had a postoperative basal GH level of less than 5 µg/L but incomplete suppression during the oral glucose tolerance test. Thus, a total of five patients (31%) achieved a basal GH of less than 5 µg/L. One other patient who had no initial improvement after the second transsphenoidal surgery had spontaneous normalization of his GH level after 13 years. The following complications of the second surgery occurred in three patients: one subarachnoid hemorrhage, two new visual field defects, one cranial nerve palsy, and one meningitis. Moreover, 10 patients (62.5%) developed one or more new pituitary hormone deficiencies. In conclusion, reoperation for persistent or recurrent acromegaly has low success and high complication rates. According to the authors' experience, this procedure should be reserved for patients unresponsive to other forms of therapy or with progressive visual impairment despite medical therapy.

scholarly journals A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7866
Author(s):  
Matei-Alexandru Cozma ◽  
Mihnea-Alexandru Găman ◽  
Elena-Codruța Dobrică ◽  
Steluța Constanța Boroghină ◽  
Mihaela Adela Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Liver Growth ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Relationship

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as an impairment of glucose tolerance, manifested by hyperglycemia, which occurs at any stage of pregnancy. GDM is more common in the third trimester of pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. It was hypothesized that the glycemic status of the mother can modulate liver development and growth early during the pregnancy. The simplest modality to monitor the evolution of GDM employs noninvasive techniques. In this category, routinely obstetrical ultrasound (OUS) examinations (simple or 2D/3D) can be employed for specific fetal measurements, such as fetal liver length (FLL) or volume (FLV). FLL and FLV may emerge as possible predictors of GDM as they positively relate to the maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test. The aim of this review is to offer insight into the relationship between GDM and fetal nutritional status. Risk factors for GDM and the short- and long-term outcomes of GDM pregnancies are also discussed, as well as the significance of different dietary patterns. Moreover, the review aims to fill one gap in the literature, investigating whether fetal liver growth can be used as a predictor of GDM evolution. To conclude, although studies pointed out a connection between fetal indices and GDM as useful tools in the early detection of GDM (before 23 weeks of gestation), additional research is needed to properly manage GDM and offspring health.

Seven cases with Williams-Beuren syndrome: endocrine evaluation and long-term follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Güven
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:Endocrine evaluation and long-term follow-up of seven (six male) patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) are given.Method:Data were obtained from patients’ medical records. All patients underwent hormonal analyses and four of them underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Results:They all had mild hypercalcemia. Three of them had overt hypothyroidism while subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in three patients. Four patients had thyroid hypoplasia and one had thyroid agenesis. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was determined in one patient. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in three adolescents. All adolescents had early-onset puberty. The follow-up duration was 5.7±2.1 years. The mean growth velocity (GV) was 12.9±7.2 cm and 7.6±2 cm at the end of the first and second years of therapy, respectively. All patients had neurodevelopment retardation and were continuing to special education.Conclusions:Thyroid hypoplasia is common and agenesis can be seen in patients with WBS; therefore, thyroid hormones should be measured in the newborn period and annually. GHD should be kept in mind in patients with decreased GV. IGT might be detected in patients with WBS even in adolescence.

scholarly journals Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 Content in Cyclists Habituated to a Long-Term Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Webster ◽  
Kathryn M. van Boom ◽  
Nur Armino ◽  
Kate Larmuth ◽  
Timothy D. Noakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Very little is known about how long-term (>6 months) adaptation to a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet affects insulin signaling in healthy, well-trained individuals. This study compared glucose tolerance; skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) content; and muscle enzyme activities representative of the main energy pathways (3-hydroxyacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphorylase) in trained cyclists who followed either a long-term LCHF or a mixed-macronutrient (Mixed) diet. On separate days, a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and muscle samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of fasted participants. The LCHF group had reduced glucose tolerance compared with the Mixed group, as plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher throughout the oral glucose tolerance test and serum insulin concentrations peaked later (LCHF, 60 min; Mixed, 30 min). Whole-body insulin sensitivity was not statistically significantly different between groups (Matsuda index: LCHF, 8.7 ± 3.4 vs. Mixed, 12.9 ± 4.6; p = .08). GLUT4 (LCHF: 1.13 ± 0.24; Mixed: 1.44 ± 0.16; p = .026) and IRS1 (LCHF: 0.25 ± 0.13; Mixed: 0.46 ± 0.09; p = .016) protein content was lower in LCHF muscle, but enzyme activities were not different. We conclude that well-trained cyclists habituated to an LCHF diet had reduced glucose tolerance compared with matched controls on a mixed diet. Lower skeletal muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 contents may partially explain this finding. This could possibly reflect an adaptation to reduced habitual glucose availability rather than the development of a pathological insulin resistance.

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