Reproductive fluids, added to the culture media, contribute to minimizing phenotypical differences between in vitro-derived and artificial insemination-derived piglets

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Evelyne París-Oller ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Ramsés Belda-Pérez ◽  
Lucía Sarriás-Gil ◽  
Jordana S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

Abstract The addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.

Insulin Secretion and Glucose Tolerance after Islet Transplantation in Rats with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Induced by Neonatal Streptozotocin

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Angeles Tormo ◽  
Trinidad Leon-Quinto ◽  
Catherine Saulnier ◽  
Danielle Bailbe ◽  
Patricia Serradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Basal Plasma

The present study was designed to identify in a model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin (n0-STZ), the long-term consequences of an islet graft upon 1) glucose handling of the recipient and, 2) glucose response of the residual β cells in the recipient pancreas. We have examined, 4 and 8 wk after islet implantation under the kidney capsule of syngeneic diabetic n0-STZ rats, their tolerance to glucose administered in vivo, together with their insulin release in response to glucose in vivo (oral glucose tolerance test) as well as in vitro (perfused pancreas). The results in the islet-grafted n0-STZ rats, were compared to those obtained in nongrafted nondiabetic rats and nongrafted n0-STZ rats. Our study shows that transplanting a limited number (900) of adult islets under the kidney capsule reverses to normal, many parameters of the noninsulin-dependent diabetic state in the n0-STZ rat model: these include body weight, basal plasma glucose in both the nonfasted and postabsorptive states, and basal plasma insulin in the postabsorptive state. Furthermore, tolerance to oral glucose administration was greatly improved in the transplanted rats and it was correlated with restoration of a manifest glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo as evaluated (ΔI) during an oral glucose tolerance test. Our data clearly show that the insulin response to glucose from the endogenous pancreas of n0-STZ diabetic rat was not really improved by long-term (8 wk) basal normoglycemia. More precisely, we were able to detect a slight but significant improvement of the early phase of insulin release in vitro in response to glucose; however, the overall insulin response remained 15 times lower than the normal one with no reapparance of the late phase of insulin release. After cessation of glucose stimulation in vivo, off-response of insulin, which is also a landmark of the impaired insulin release by the β cells of n0-STZ rats, was still detectable in the perfused pancreas of the transplanted n0-STZ rats. Finally, because the reactivity to glucose of the endogenous residual β cells was not regained, the insulin released in vivo during the oral glucose test in the graft-bearing n0-STZ rats can be attributed mainly to functioning of the grafted islets population. Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.

scholarly journals A novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor improves diabesity and osteoblast differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Seon Park ◽  
Su Jung Bae ◽  
Sik-Won Choi ◽  
You Hwa Son ◽  
Sung Bum Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Oral Glucose

Selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) have considerable potential as treatment for osteoporosis as well as metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-osteoporotic activity of KR-67500, as a novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Cellular 11β-HSD1 activity was tested based on a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence method. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) levels were measured in diet-induced obese (DIO)-C57BL/6 mice administered KR-67500 (50 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 28 days and, additionally, its anti-diabetic effect was evaluated by OGTT and ITT. Thein vitroanti-adipogenic effect of KR-67500 was determined by Oil Red O Staining. Thein vitroanti-osteoporotic activity of KR-67500 was evaluated using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation model systems. KR-67500 improved thein vivoglucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO-C57BL/6 mice. KR-67500 suppressed cortisone-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. KR-67500 enhanced BMP2-induced osteoblastogenesis in C2C12 cells and inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. KR-67500, a new selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, may provide a new therapeutic window in the prevention and/or treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and/or osteoporosis.

The Relation Between Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Binding to Circulating Monocytes in Obese Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-637
Author(s):  
Kaichi Kida ◽  
Noriyoshi Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiki Fujisawa ◽  
Yoshinori Goto ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children

The quantitative relation between insulin binding to circulating monocytes in vitro and glucose tolerance in obese children in vivo is reported. Sixty-one obese children and 11 healthy control children participated in this study. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed by giving them glucose (1.75 gm/kg of body weight), orally in the morning, and the binding of 125I-labeled insulin to circulating monocytes in vitro was measured prior to OGTT. The glucose tolerance expressed by ΣBS (milligrams/100 ml), the sum of the plasma glucose (blood sugar [BS]) values at OGTT, was significantly correlated with the degree of overweight (r = .316, P < .01) and more highly with ΣIRI (microunits per milliliter), the sum of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) values at OGTT (r = .512, P < .001). Insulin binding to monocytes in vitro (picograms/106 cells) was inversely correlated with the degree of overweight (r = -. 687, P < .001). Furthermore, ΣBS was inversely correlated significantly with insulin binding to monocytes in vitro (r = -.435, P < .002). These data suggest that the decrease of insulin receptors might be one cause for the impairment of the glucose tolerance associated with obesity in children.

Surgical outcome after repeated transsphenoidal surgery in acromegaly

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Long ◽  
Hugues Beauregard ◽  
Maurice Somma ◽  
Ronald Comtois ◽  
Omar Serri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy is the most efficient primary treatment for acromegaly. However, management of persistent or recurrent disease remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the early and long-term efficacy and safety of a second transsphenoidal surgery performed in those cases. The results of a retrospective study of 16 patients undergoing reoperation by the senior author (J.H.) between 1970 and 1991 are reported. Reoperation was performed for persistent or progressive acromegaly in 11 patients, visual impairment in four, and disease recurrence in one. Normalization of growth hormone (GH) was defined as a basal GH level of less than 5µg/L and suppression to less than 2 µg/L during the oral glucose tolerance test. Long-term follow-up data were available in 15 patients. The second transsphenoidal surgery induced a greater than 50% decrease of GH level in 11 patients. Three (19%) of 16 patients were cured according to the authors' criteria and remained so after 2, 7, and 20 years. Two more patients had a postoperative basal GH level of less than 5 µg/L but incomplete suppression during the oral glucose tolerance test. Thus, a total of five patients (31%) achieved a basal GH of less than 5 µg/L. One other patient who had no initial improvement after the second transsphenoidal surgery had spontaneous normalization of his GH level after 13 years. The following complications of the second surgery occurred in three patients: one subarachnoid hemorrhage, two new visual field defects, one cranial nerve palsy, and one meningitis. Moreover, 10 patients (62.5%) developed one or more new pituitary hormone deficiencies. In conclusion, reoperation for persistent or recurrent acromegaly has low success and high complication rates. According to the authors' experience, this procedure should be reserved for patients unresponsive to other forms of therapy or with progressive visual impairment despite medical therapy.

Progressive Improvement in Glucose Tolerance Following Lower-Intensity Resistance Versus Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training in Older Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta DiPietro ◽  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
James Dziura
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Background:Few studies have compared long-term moderate-intensity aerobic versus light-resistance training on serial improvements in glucose tolerance in older people.Methods:Healthy, inactive older (74 ± 5 [SD] years) women (N = 20) were randomized into either a high-volume, moderate-intensity aerobic (ATM, n = 12) or a lower-intensity resistance training (RTL, n = 8) group. Both groups exercised under supervision 4 times per week for 45- to 60-minute sessions over 9 months. Measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months 48 hours after the last exercise session.Results:We observed significant improvements in 2-hour glucose concentrations at 3, 6, and 9 months among women in the RTL (152 ± 42 vs 134 ± 33 vs 134 ± 24 vs 130 ± 27 mg · dL−1; P < .05), but not the ATM (151 ± 25 vs 156 ± 37 vs 152 ± 40 vs 155 ± 39 mg · dL−1) group. These improvements were accompanied by an 18% (P < .07) decrease in basal FFA concentrations in the RTL group, whereas basal and 30-minute FFA concentrations increased (P < .05) after training in the ATM group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the net physiological benefits of exercise might have been blunted in the ATM group, owing to higher circulating levels of FFA, which might have temporarily interfered with insulin action.

scholarly journals A Glimpse at the Size of the Fetal Liver—Is It Connected with the Evolution of Gestational Diabetes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7866
Author(s):  
Matei-Alexandru Cozma ◽  
Mihnea-Alexandru Găman ◽  
Elena-Codruța Dobrică ◽  
Steluța Constanța Boroghină ◽  
Mihaela Adela Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Liver Growth ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Relationship

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as an impairment of glucose tolerance, manifested by hyperglycemia, which occurs at any stage of pregnancy. GDM is more common in the third trimester of pregnancy and usually disappears after birth. It was hypothesized that the glycemic status of the mother can modulate liver development and growth early during the pregnancy. The simplest modality to monitor the evolution of GDM employs noninvasive techniques. In this category, routinely obstetrical ultrasound (OUS) examinations (simple or 2D/3D) can be employed for specific fetal measurements, such as fetal liver length (FLL) or volume (FLV). FLL and FLV may emerge as possible predictors of GDM as they positively relate to the maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test. The aim of this review is to offer insight into the relationship between GDM and fetal nutritional status. Risk factors for GDM and the short- and long-term outcomes of GDM pregnancies are also discussed, as well as the significance of different dietary patterns. Moreover, the review aims to fill one gap in the literature, investigating whether fetal liver growth can be used as a predictor of GDM evolution. To conclude, although studies pointed out a connection between fetal indices and GDM as useful tools in the early detection of GDM (before 23 weeks of gestation), additional research is needed to properly manage GDM and offspring health.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Cell-derived Cytokines Are Early Markers of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Severe Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittoria D'Esposito ◽  
Maria Rosaria Ambrosio ◽  
Domenico Liguoro ◽  
Giuseppe Perruolo ◽  
Manuela Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels

Abstract Background Excessive adiposity provides an inflammatory environment. However, in people with severe obesity, how systemic and local adipose tissue (AT)-derived cytokines contribute to worsening glucose tolerance is not clear. Methods 92 severely obese (SO) individuals undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled and subjected to detailed clinical phenotyping. Following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, participants were included in three groups, based on the presence of normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Serum and subcutaneous AT (SAT) biopsies were obtained and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) were isolated, characterized and differentiated in adipocytes in vitro. TNFA and PPARG mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR. Circulating, adipocyte- and MSC-released cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were assessed by multiplex ELISA. Results Serum levels of IL-9, IL-13 and MIP-1β were increased in SO individuals with T2D, as compared with those with either IGT or NGT. At variance, SAT samples obtained from SO individuals with IGT displayed levels of TNFA which were 3-fold higher compared to those with NGT, but not different from those with T2D. Elevated levels of TNFα were also found in differentiated adipocytes, isolated from the SAT specimens of individuals with IGT and T2D, compared to those with NGT. Consistent with the pro-inflammatory milieu, IL-1β and IP-10 secretion was significantly higher in adipocytes from individuals with IGT and T2D. Moreover, increased levels of TNFα, both mRNA and secreted protein, were detected in MSCs obtained from IGT and T2D, compared to NGT SO individuals. Exposure of T2D and IGT–derived MSCs to quercetin reduced TNFα levels and was paralleled by a significant decrease of the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion In severe obesity, enhanced SAT-derived inflammatory phenotype is an early step in the progression toward T2D and may be, at least in part, attenuated by quercetin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document