Step-Defined Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-Aged Japanese: The National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
Yumiko Ohya ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Teruichi Shimomitsu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Background:Pedometers are becoming widely accepted for physical activity measurement. To use step data effectively, an index which categorizes steps/day by < 5000, ≥ 5000, ≥ 7500, ≥ 10,000, and ≥ 12,500 steps/day has been previously proposed. However, evidence is insufficient to validate this index compared with health outcomes. This study examined the association of steps/day categories with cardiovascular (CVD) risk.Methods:Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan 2006, including 1166 men and 1453 women aged 40–64 years, were analyzed to calculate odds ratios (OR) for having CVD risk including overweight/obesity, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and clustered risk factors by steps/day categories.Results:Among men, inverse gradient associations between steps/day categories and CVD risk (overweight/obesity, blood pressure, HbA1c, and clustered risk factors) were observed. Among women, those taking ≥ 5000 steps/day had substantially lower risk of overweight/obesity and high blood pressure compared with those taking < 5000 steps/day. However, additional decreases of OR by taking more steps were modest among women.Conclusions:CVD risk was generally lower with higher steps/day categories. Given the limitations of cross-sectional design, further studies, especially using longitudinal designs, are needed to precisely calibrate the association between steps/day and CVD risk.

scholarly journals High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Monica Hunsberger ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Fabio Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

Dietary sodium:potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Japanese Adults

AbstractFew studies have reported associations between the Na:K ratio and risk factors related to CVD among the general population in Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the dietary Na:K ratio association with CVD risk factors among Japanese adults. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 800 Japanese participants (19 386 men and 29 414 women) aged ≥20 years, registered in the 2003–2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate OR and 95 % CI for risk of hypertension, high glycated HbA1c levels, hypercholesterolaemia, low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and high non-HDL-cholesterol levels according to the Na:K ratio were estimated using logistic regression models. Dietary Na:K ratio decreased for both men and women from 2003 to 2017. Higher Na:K ratio and higher hypertension prevalence were observed (multivariate OR (fifth v. first quintiles) 1·27, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·40; Pfor trend < 0·001 for men and 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·23; Pfor trend = 0·007 for women). Higher Na:K ratio was associated with higher prevalence of high HbA1c levels in men (multivariate OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·96). Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels was increased with higher Na:K ratio (Pfor trend =0·002 for men and <0·001 for women). No significant associations were found between Na:K ratio and hypercholesterolaemia in men or high non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both men and women. Our findings suggest that dietary Na:K ratio is associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Thirty year trends in cardiovascular risk factors prevalence among Siberian adolescents (1989-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Aim of the study was to assess trends of cardiovascular risk factors among Siberian adolescents during the last 30 years including period of Russian reforms (1989-2019). Methods Seven cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of school children aged 14-18 since 1989 (every 5 years) were carried out. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Self-reported smoking and physical activity rates were obtained. To define overweight the sex- and age-specific IOTF cutoffs for BMI were used. Hypertension (HT) and lipid disorders were revealed according to international criteria. Results Prevalence of high TC significantly decreased from 22 to 4% (p &lt; 0,01) in males and from 32 to 17% (p &lt; 0,05) in females. High LDL-C showed similar trends. Prevalence of low HDL-C was stable with some fluctuations. In the period of Russian reforms (1989-1999) the prevalence of overweight significantly decreased from 12% in boys and from 14% in girls in 1989 to 4% in 1999 (p &lt; 0,01). Since 2003 rapid increasing of overweight was observed. Trends of HT have shown double decreasing during the reform period and stabilization in the post-reform time. So, since 2003 discordant trends in HT and overweight were revealed. Physical activity was stably low in boys (49-55%) and girls (83-73%). Average weekly screen time doubled from 15 (2009) to 30 h/w (2019), p &lt; 0,05. Cigarette smoking rates in boys dramatically decreased from 45% (1989) to 3% (2019), in girls - from 19% to 5% (p &lt; 0,01). Smoking of electronic devices was registered in 2019: 6% among boys and 3% among girls. Conclusions Obtained data indicate on trends to reduction in CVD risk profile among Siberian adolescents during the period of Russian reforms. Discordant trends of HT and overweight were revealed. The study was supported by RFBR grant 19-013-00800. Key messages Long time changes in cardiovascular risk profile among Siberian adolescents were registered. Against the background of a decrease in combustible smoking among adolescents, electronic smoking began to register.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Underdiagnosis of Diabetes Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deulle Min ◽  
Eunhee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Level ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Health And Nutrition

We included 11 298 subjects aged 30 years or older without diagnosis of diabetes by doctors who had undergone A1C screening. The diagnostic criterion for diabetes was A1C ≥6.5% (48 µmol/mol). This cross-sectional study was performed by reflecting weight of the sample in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to represent South Korea. Risk factors were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.08), Medicaid beneficiary (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.25-6.14), presence of family history of diabetes (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.36-2.84), serum triglyceride level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.01-1.03), serum high-density lipoprotein level (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98), currently smoking (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.20-2.85), and the presence of regular checkup (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.01-2.00). To prevent diabetes with a healthy life, it is necessary to establish a diabetes prevention program for vulnerable people and implement health-related policies such as smoking cessation and regular checkups.

scholarly journals Child Physical Activity Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Differ by Race

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas M. Edwards ◽  
Heidi J. Kalkwarf ◽  
Jessica G. Woo ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Stephen R. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular risk factors in 7-year-old children and test the hypothesis that it differs by race.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 308 7-year-old children drawn from a major US metropolitan community. PA (moderate-to-vigorous, MVPA; light, LPA; and inactivity, IA) was measured by accelerometry (RT3). Cardiovascular risk factors included BMI, blood pressure, and serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations. General linear modeling was used to evaluate the independent associations between PA measures and cardiovascular risk factors and interactions by race.Results:In black children, greater time spent in PA was independently associated with lower levels of triglycerides (MVPA and LPA, both p < .01), glucose (MVPA, p < .05), and insulin (MVPA, p < .01); these associations were not evident in white children. Across races, greater inactivity was independently associated with greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight participants (p < .01) but not in normal weight participants. No PA measure was associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:In this cohort of 7-year-old children, the relationship between PA and some cardiovascular risk factors differed by race. These findings may have implications for targeting of PA promotion efforts in children.

scholarly journals Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk factors, assessment and management in men and women, including consideration of absolute risk: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038761
Author(s):  
Emily Banks ◽  
Jennifer Welsh ◽  
Grace Joshy ◽  
Melonie Martin ◽  
Ellie Paige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly preventable and optimal treatments based on absolute risk can halve risk of future events. Compared with women, men have higher risks of developing CVD. However, women can experience suboptimal treatment. We aimed to quantify sex differences in CVD risk, assessment and treatment in Australian adults.Design, participants, settingCross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from interview, physical measures, medication review and blood and urine samples, from 2011 to 2012 Australian Health Survey participants aged 45–74 (n=11 518).Outcome measuresCVD risk factors, absolute 5-year risk of a primary CVD event, blood pressure and cholesterol assessment in the previous 2 and 5 years and use of recommended CVD preventive medications were compared using Poisson regression to estimate age-adjusted male versus female prevalence ratios (PRs).ResultsWomen had a generally more favourable CVD risk factor profile than men, including lower: current smoking prevalence (women=14.5%; men=18.4%, PR=0.78, 95% CI=0.70 to 0.88); body mass index (women (mean)=28.3 kg/m2; men (mean)=28.8 kg/m2, p<0.01); systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic: women (mean)=127.1 mm Hg; men (mean)=130.5 mm Hg, p<0.001); blood glucose (women (mean)=5.2 mmol/L; men (mean)=5.5 mmol/L); diabetes prevalence (women=6.8%; men=12.5%, PR=0.55, 95% CI=0.44 to 0.67); prior CVD (women=7.9%; men=11.3%) and absolute primary CVD risk (absolute 5-year CVD risk >15%: women=6.6%, 95% CI=5.4 to 7.8; men=15.4%, 95% CI=13.9% to 16.9%). Compared with men, women had higher low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol and sedentary behaviour and lower physical activity. Blood pressure and cholesterol assessment were common in both sexes. Among those at high absolute risk, age-adjusted proportions receiving recommended CVD medications were low, without sex differences (women=21.3%; men=23.8%, PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.49 to 1.78). Fewer women than men with prior atherosclerotic CVD were receiving recommended treatment (women=21.8%, men=41.4%, PR=0.55, 95% CI=0.31 to 0.96).ConclusionWomen have a more favourable CVD risk factor profile than men. Preventive treatment is uncommon and women with prior atherosclerotic CVD are around half as likely as men to be receiving recommended treatment.

scholarly journals Association between the Portion Sizes of Traditional Japanese Seasonings—Soy Sauce and Miso—and Blood Pressure: Cross-Sectional Study Using National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2012–2016 Data

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Aki Saito ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Portion Sizes

While previous studies have reported the association between food portion size and health outcomes, the association between food seasonings and blood pressure (BP) has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between the portion sizes of traditional Japanese seasonings and BP. Data on 25,738 Japanese participants (10,154 men and 15,584 women) aged ≥20 years registered in the 2012–2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) were used for this cross-sectional study. The portion sizes of soy sauce or miso were calculated from the reported weight of soy sauce or miso, and the number of dishes. Regression models were used to estimate BP and prevalence of hypertension, and their 95% confidence intervals according to the portion size of soy sauce or miso. We did not observe an association between the portion sizes of soy sauce or miso and BP. A larger portion size of soy sauce or miso was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in the crude model among women, but no significant associations were observed in the multivariate model in both sexes. Our findings suggest that the portion sizes of soy sauce or miso are not associated with BP among Japanese adults.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and their associations with cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Legge ◽  
Chris Blanchard ◽  
John G Hanly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective Using a novel isotemporal substitution paradigm, this study aimed to estimate the cross-sectional associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) with cardiovascular risk factors among patients with SLE. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adult SLE patients without documented cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors were measured, including BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Ten-year CVD risk was estimated using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk assessment tool. Time in sedentary behaviour, light PA, and moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured by accelerometry. We used three linear regression models—single-activity models, partition models, and isotemporal substitution models—to evaluate the associations of time spent at each movement intensity with each CVD risk variable. Results There were 100 SLE patients [92% female; mean (s.d.) age 52.4 (14.4) years]. Only 11 participants adhered to current PA recommendations (⩾150 MVPA min/week in ⩾10-min bouts). In isotemporal substitution, reallocating 10 min from sedentary behaviour to MVPA was associated with lower systolic (β = –2.15 mmHg; P = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (β = –1.56 mmHg; P = 0.01), as well as lower estimated 10-year CVD risk (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70, 0.93). Time reallocation from light PA to MVPA was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (β = –1.45 mmHg; P = 0.01) and lower 10-year CVD risk estimates (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69, 0.94). Conclusion Given that reallocating time from other movement intensities to MVPA is associated favourably with lower cardiovascular risk, PA interventions are needed to address suboptimal MVPA levels among SLE patients.

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