Tie Effects of Performance Feedback on Female Self-Confidence

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Petruzzello ◽  
Charles B. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
College Age ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Vulnerability Hypothesis

Research has suggested that females lack self-confidence in their abilities to perform in certain physical activity situations. This "situational vulnerability," however, is not characteristic of all age levels. The present research was designed to determine if situational vulnerability was characteristic of college-age females and to determine if postperformance feedback would enhance self-confidence. Further, the research was designed to determine if feedback-enhanced self-confidence would generalize to a different task. In Study 1, males and females (N=381) rated the gender appropriateness of several motor tasks and made confidence ratings. In Study 2, high and low confidence college-age women (N=69) were tested to determine if feedback increased confidence on a gender-neutral task.. Subjects were then tested for confidence after performing a different task to determine if feedback-produced confidence differences were enduring. The results indicated that both tasks were rated as gender-neutral, but college-age females lacked confidence when compared to males. Feedback did improve confidence for low confidence females, but this feedback-enhanced self-confidence did not generalize to a different motor task. It is suggested that a fourth factor, namely lack of experience, be added to Lenney's (1977) situational vulnerability hypothesis as a factor likely to affect female self-confidence.

scholarly journals Equal prefrontal cortex activation between males and females in a motor tasks and different visual imagery perspectives: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago F. Dias Kanthack ◽  
Marcelo Bigliassi ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Altimari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study was to compare the prefrontal cortex (PFC) blood flow variation and time on in males and females while performing a motor task and imagery perspectives. Eighteen right handed subjects (11 males and 7 females) were volunteers to this study. All subjects went through three randomly conditions, a motor task condition (MT) in which they had to do a simple finger tap. The other conditions included practicing imagery in first and third views. During all the conditions, the fNIRS device was attached to the subject forehead to obtain the blood flow; the total time in each task which was measured with a chronometer. No difference had been found in any condition for both sexes in the PFC and time, nor for all subjects integrated in the PFC. Therefore, we conclu-de that both imageries can be used to mentally train a motor task, and probably both sexes can be benefited.

Sex-typing of Physical Activities and Success Predictions of Children before and after Cross-sex Competition

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Corbin ◽  
Charles Nix
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Male Activity

Elementary school children, 20 boys and 20 girls, served as subjects in this investigation designed to determine how children sex-typed each of three different motor activities and to study their success predictions before and after cross-sex competition. Results of the study indicated that both boys and girls sex-typed a motor task requiring strength, speed, and power as a “male” activity, while the two other motor tasks were characterized as “male-female.” The self-confidence levels of girls, as measured by success predictions were lower than boys prior to competition but only for the “male” activity. After cross-sex competition in which girls succeeded as often as the boys, self-confidence of girls was no different than for boys. There were no sex differences in postcompetition state anxiety levels. All subjects regardless of sex were more threatened after competing in a “male” as opposed to a “male-female” activity, and they experienced lower state anxiety following successful rather than unsuccessful competition.

Motor Training-Induced Neuroplasticity

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladina Bezzola ◽  
Susan Mérillat ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Wide Range

The present lab-review presents and discusses our previous and current research into motor training-induced neuroplasticity by classifying our work on the basis of two broad aspects: (1) the applied study design (i.e., cross-sectional vs. longitudinal) and (2) the complexity of the motor task subjected to training (i.e., elementary finger movements vs. highly complex physical activity). Together with others we demonstrate that training-induced anatomic and functional changes are evident for a wide range of motor tasks and for several age cohorts. Finally, we discuss our findings from a lifespan perspective and embed them in the context of research investigating the beneficial effect of motor training-induced neuroplasticity on brain aging.

Combination of musculoskeletal and wear models to investigate the effect of daily living activities on wear of hip prostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675-2687
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mattei ◽  
Matilde Tomasi ◽  
Alessio Artoni ◽  
Enrico Ciulli ◽  
Francesca Di Puccio
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Wear Modelling ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Hip Arthroplasties

Abstract Numerical wear predictions are gaining increasing interest in many engineering applications, as they allow to simulate complex operative conditions not easily replicable in the laboratory. As far as hip prostheses are concerned, most of the wear models in the literature are based on the simulation of gait (recommended also in experimental wear tests), since gait is considered the most frequent and important motor task to recover after arthroplasty. However, since joint prostheses have been increasingly implanted in younger people, high loads and potentially severe conditions, e.g. due to sporting activities, should also be considered for a more reliable wear assessment of these implants. In this study, we propose a profitable combination of musculoskeletal and analytical wear modelling for the prediction of wear caused by common daily activities in metal-on-plastic hip arthroplasties. Several motion analysis data available in the literature (walking, fast walking, lunge, squat, stair negotiation) were selected and the effects of such motor tasks on prosthesis wear were investigated, both separately and in combination. Additionally, for comparative purposes, wear prediction for simplified gait conditions prescribed by the ISO 14242 standard, were also considered. Results suggest that this latter case produces lower wear depth and volume with respect to a relatively demanding combination of the selected daily activities. The preliminary results of the present study represent a first step towards the auspicious goal of validating the proposed procedure for in silico trials of hip arthroplasties.

Exploring the Relationship Between College Students’ Barriers to Exercise and Motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Ball ◽  
Matthew R. Bice ◽  
Kimberly A. Maljak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Nontraditional Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
School Work ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Barriers To Exercise ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Demographics among college students are becoming increasingly diverse and the enrollment of students who are considered “nontraditional” is on the rise. Traditional and nontraditional students are faced with numerous physical activity barriers and increased responsibilities when it comes to balancing school, work, and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between college students’ barriers to exercise and motivation among traditional and nontraditional students. Furthermore, the study explored the relationships between college students’ barriers to exercise and motivation among males and females. Methods: Participants (n = 217) completed the Barriers to Being Active Questionnaire, the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Questionnaire, and the InternationalPhysical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The study found there were no differences among motivational factors, barriers to exercise, and traditional and nontraditional students. Females in this study reported significantly higher ratings of barriers compared to males. However, they reported higher ratings in the competence construct of Self-Determination Theory as compared to males. Conclusions: The current study,revealed traditional and nontraditional students, as well as males and females, all reported the same top three barriers to exercise that include: lack of time, energy, and willpower. Understanding college students’ motivation and barriers to physical activity is an important step in developing strategies to help them enhance their health and well-being. With the help of health professionals, college students can learn howto overcome these barriers.

Spytihněv I (CE 875–915), Duke of Bohemia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Joseph Becker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Early States ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity ◽  
Shed Light

Becker applies a life history (or osteobiographic) approach in the study of the remains of individuals who have been identified as Prince Spytihn?v, Duke of Bohemia, and his wife. Specifically, Becker seeks to learn how the confluence of diet and royal social status in the 9th century A.D. early Czech state affected these two elite people’s growth process and physical activity. This contextually rich work tests the notion that terminal adult stature and skeletal robusticity may have embodied lives of privilege. The data reveal that while Spytihn?v and his wife were notably more robust than people of the lower social rank, their stature falls within the range of all other males and females from this population. Stature variation may not always hold a one-to-one correlation with social rank, especially considering individual variation and the biocultural vagaries of the early Czech state. The bioarchaeology of such “emergent elites” helps shed light on the early states of late first millennium Europe.

Influencing Physical Activity and Healthy Behaviors in College Students

2010 ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne D. Johnston ◽  
Lee Sheldon ◽  
Anne P. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Interactive Narrative ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
College Age ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
Alternate Reality

Physical inactivity is largely preventable through education, individual, and/or community-based interventions. Yet, in the college-age population, traditional interventions (e.g., lecture-based academic courses) may not fully meet their social and learning needs. Here, the authors report on a study regarding the effectiveness of an Alternate Reality Game (ARG) – called The Skeleton Chase – in influencing physical activity and wellness of college-age students. A growing game genre, an ARG is an interactive narrative that uses the real world as a platform and involves multiple media (e.g., game-related web sites, game-related blogs, public web sites, search engines, text/voice messages, video, etc.) to reveal a story. The authors’ initial results are extremely promising relative to the impact on physical activity, as well as tangential learning such as teamwork and problem-solving. They also report students’ reactions to the game itself, highlighting game design strengths and weaknesses that may inform game designers.

Rehabilitation and palliative care

2015 ◽  
pp. 777-787
Author(s):  
Donna J. Wilson ◽  
Kathleen Michael
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Tailored Program

This chapter applies the concept of physical activity to palliative care across settings. A physical activity program for each patient should be presented at the time of diagnosis and extend to end-of-life care. Even when it is not possible to cure or reverse a disease process, or to restore a previous level of functioning and independence, a rehabilitative approach to nursing care adds quality to the experience of living until life’s completion. The language of rehabilitation nursing is a language shared with those who practice palliative care. Feelings of self-confidence, independence, hope, human dignity, and autonomy are all influenced by an individually tailored program of rehabilitation.

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