Combination of musculoskeletal and wear models to investigate the effect of daily living activities on wear of hip prostheses

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675-2687
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mattei ◽  
Matilde Tomasi ◽  
Alessio Artoni ◽  
Enrico Ciulli ◽  
Francesca Di Puccio
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Wear Modelling ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Joint Prostheses ◽  
Hip Arthroplasties

Abstract Numerical wear predictions are gaining increasing interest in many engineering applications, as they allow to simulate complex operative conditions not easily replicable in the laboratory. As far as hip prostheses are concerned, most of the wear models in the literature are based on the simulation of gait (recommended also in experimental wear tests), since gait is considered the most frequent and important motor task to recover after arthroplasty. However, since joint prostheses have been increasingly implanted in younger people, high loads and potentially severe conditions, e.g. due to sporting activities, should also be considered for a more reliable wear assessment of these implants. In this study, we propose a profitable combination of musculoskeletal and analytical wear modelling for the prediction of wear caused by common daily activities in metal-on-plastic hip arthroplasties. Several motion analysis data available in the literature (walking, fast walking, lunge, squat, stair negotiation) were selected and the effects of such motor tasks on prosthesis wear were investigated, both separately and in combination. Additionally, for comparative purposes, wear prediction for simplified gait conditions prescribed by the ISO 14242 standard, were also considered. Results suggest that this latter case produces lower wear depth and volume with respect to a relatively demanding combination of the selected daily activities. The preliminary results of the present study represent a first step towards the auspicious goal of validating the proposed procedure for in silico trials of hip arthroplasties.

scholarly journals Effect of a Combined Program of Strength and Dual Cognitive-Motor Tasks in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6397
Author(s):  
Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz ◽  
F.Javier Rojas-Ruiz ◽  
Juan Carlos De la Cruz-Márquez ◽  
Marcos Gutiérrez-Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

This study investigated the effects of a 24-week combined training program (CTP) based on strength exercises and cognitive–motor tasks performed concurrently in participants with multiple sclerosis. A randomized, controlled intervention study was carried out. In total, 31 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (14 men and 17 women) were stratified and randomized into an intervention group (17 subjects) and a control group (14 subjects). The intervention group completed three weekly training sessions for 24 weeks, while the control group pursued their normal daily activities. In this program, cognitive–motor tasks were completed at once (dual tasking). A 3D photogrammetry connected to a selective attention system designed for dual tasking while walking was used. Ground reaction forces were measured using two force plates, one for sit-to-stand testing, while the other was used for static force measurement. Postural equilibrium was examined using a stabilometric plate based for Romberg test assessment. The 24-week training program for multiple sclerosis patients improved their static peak force by 11% (p < 0 .05), their rate of force development by 36% (p < 0.05), and their balance (p < 0.05). Performance in daily activities such as walking or sitting-to-standing improved significantly in multiple sclerosis participants. CTP training was effective in reducing the dual-task costs of step length (48%) and walking velocity (54%), as compared to a matched control group.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF FOOT DEFORMITIES IN ATHLETES WITH VARIOUS SPORTS BACKGROUNDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Nikola Prvulović ◽  
Ana Lilić ◽  
Miljan Hadžović
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reaction Speed

Changes and deformities to the feet are frequent among athletes. The aim of this review paper is to determine the prevalence of foot deformities among athletes with various backgrounds, as well as to determine the influence of the deformities on motor task performance. The compiled studies were published between 2002 and 2018. The following electronic databases were used for the search: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EBSCO. The identified studies had to satisfy the following criteria: that they included athletes and that the subject of analysis were the differences in foot deformities in relation to performing motor tasks. Research papers on this topic were reviewed and analyzed. They are clearly organized in tabular form, with a clear outline of the details of the research. The results of 16 research papers are summed up. The most prevalent deformity among athletes is flat feet (pes planus). The studies indicate the various deformities which are prevalent in particular sports, and determine the changes in the feet of the athletes, in particular for the foot which plays a decisive role in certain sports. Individuals with flat feet scored lower results compared to individuals with normal arches in terms of time and reaction speed when performing motor tasks.

scholarly journals SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFF OF INSTEP KICK IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Bojan Rakojević ◽  
Vladimir Mrdaković ◽  
Nemanja Pažin ◽  
Radun Vulović ◽  
Bojan Leontijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Radial Error ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Instep Kick ◽  
Secondary Hypothesis ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

The speed-accuracy trade-off of fast movements acts inversely and as such is known as the Fitts's law. The aim of this study is to determine how instep kick (IK) speed grading instructions affect the instep kick speed and accuracy. The primary hypothesis assumes that a complex motor task such as IK has an inverse relation between speed and accuracy, and the secondary hypothesis assumes that the applied speed grading instructions are sensitive. The research involved 13 male players, the average age of 15 years (±1.6). The experimental protocol included the execution of IK at five different speeds, determined by verbal instructions to respondents. For assessment of kicking accuracy, we observed the following dependent variables: mean radial error (MRE), bivariate variable error (BVE), and centroid radial error (CRE). Comparative analysis has shown that higher accuracy (reduced MRE) and kicking consistency (reduced BVE) are achieved under lower kicking speeds, but these effects were not achieved in regard to CRE. Subsequent analyses have shown that MRE has a tendency towards a significant difference between the slowest and fastest kicks (p=0.068-0.075), while in the case of BVE it has been found that there are differences between the slowest and all other speed levels (p≤0.05). The main findings of this study have indicated a partial existence (two of three variables) of an inverse relationship between speed and accuracy in complex motor tasks such as IK (multi-joint and discrete motion).

scholarly journals Visually-updated hand state estimates modulate the proprioceptive reflex independently of motor task requirements

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Ito ◽  
Hiroaki Gomi
Keyword(s):  
Stretch Reflex ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Stretch Reflexes ◽  
Motor Mapping ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Multimodal Information ◽  
Proprioceptive Reflex

Fast signaling from vision and proprioception to muscle activation plays essential roles in quickly correcting movement. Though many studies have demonstrated modulation of the quick sensorimotor responses as depending on context in each modality, the contribution of multimodal information has not been established. Here, we examined whether state estimates contributing to stretch reflexes are represented solely by proprioceptive information or by multimodal information. Unlike previous studies, we newly found a significant stretch-reflex attenuation by the distortion and elimination of visual-feedback without any change in motor tasks. Furthermore, the stretch-reflex amplitude reduced with increasing elimination durations which would degrade state estimates. By contrast, even though a distortion was introduced in the target-motor-mapping, the stretch reflex was not simultaneously attenuated with visuomotor reflex. Our results therefore indicate that the observed stretch-reflex attenuation is specifically ascribed to uncertainty increase in estimating hand states, suggesting multimodal contributions to the generation of stretch reflexes.

scholarly journals A Rapid Motor Task-Based Screening Tool for Parkinsonism in Community-Based Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy W. Dlamini ◽  
Searles Nielsen ◽  
Mwiza Ushe ◽  
Gill Nelson ◽  
Brad A. Racette
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summary Measures

Background: The prevalence of parkinsonism in developing countries is largely unknown due to difficulty in ascertainment because access to neurologists is often limited.Objective: Develop and validate a parkinsonism screening tool using objective motor task-based tests that can be administered by non-clinicians.Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based sample from South Africa, we evaluated 315 adults, age &gt;40, from an Mn-exposed (smelter) community, using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection 3 (UPDRS3), Purdue grooved pegboard, and kinematic-UPDRS3-based motor tasks. In 275 participants (training dataset), we constructed a linear regression model to predict UPDRS3. We selected motor task summary measures independently associated with UPDRS3 (p &lt; 0.05). We validated the model internally in the remaining 40 participants from the manganese-exposed community (test dataset) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and externally in another population-based sample of 90 participants from another South African community with only background levels of environmental Mn exposure.Results: The mean UPDRS3 score in participants from the Mn-exposed community was 9.1 in both the training and test datasets (standard deviation = 6.4 and 6.1, respectively). Together, 57 (18.1%) participants in this community had a UPDRS3 ≥ 15, including three with Parkinson's disease. In the non-exposed community, the mean UPDRS3 was 3.9 (standard deviation = 4.3). Three (3.3%) had a UPDRS3 ≥ 15. Grooved pegboard time and mean velocity for hand rotation and finger tapping tasks were strongly associated with UPDRS3. Using these motor task summary measures and age, the UPDRS3 predictive model performed very well. In the test dataset, AUCs were 0.81 (95% CI 0.68, 0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.81, 1.00) for cut points for neurologist-assessed UPDRS3 ≥ 10 and UPDRS3 ≥ 15, respectively. In the external validation dataset, the AUC was 0.85 (95% CI 0.73, 0.97) for UPDRS3 ≥ 10. AUCs were 0.76–0.82 when excluding age.Conclusion: A predictive model based on a series of objective motor tasks performs very well in assessing severity of parkinsonism in both Mn-exposed and non-exposed population-based cohorts.

scholarly journals Moving in the presence of others - a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda van Meurs ◽  
Jona Greve ◽  
Bernd Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Research Topics

Social facilitation is one of the most prominent and oldest research topics in (social) psychology. It is the “increase in response merely from the sight or sound of others making the same movement” (Allport, 1924, p. 262) or conditions of “sheer presence of other individuals” (Zajonc, 1965, p. 269). Experiments found facilitation, inhibition or no effect (Bond &amp; Titus, 1983), argued to be a function of task difficulty (Zajonc, 1965). In humans, cognitive tasks have been studied more frequently than motor tasks. Skill-based tasks (i.e., coordination-based) are hypothesized to be negatively affected by the presence of others due to a higher cognitive load (overload hypothesis, Manstead &amp; Semin, 1980), whereas performances in effort-based tasks (i.e., condition-based) should profit due to increased readiness.In a first step, a systematic search of several databases was conducted, identifying articles comparing motor-task performance in the presence of or in coaction with others and alone. We identified N=72 articles investigating motor-related human performance (5,419 participants), published between 1924 and 2019. Effort-based tasks appeared to be facilitated, while within skill-based tasks, differences between tasks performed under time pressure and precision pressure were identified (cf. Bond &amp; Titus, 1983).In a second step, we conducted a meta-analysis (N=28) with subsequent moderator analyses. The results generally align with the systematic review. Moreover, the experimenter’s influential presence was emphasized. Finally, this review supports the overload hypothesis and draws conclusions for the state of the theory and experimental limitations specific to social-facilitation research on motor tasks.

PP70 Identification Of Prostheses With Worse Than Expected Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias de la Torre ◽  
Olga Martínez ◽  
Kayla Smith ◽  
Miquel Pons-Cabrafiga ◽  
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Total Hip Prostheses ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Hip Arthroplasties

IntroductionMonitoring the effectiveness of knee and hip arthroplasties could be useful at the clinical, economic, and patient levels. In Catalonia, there is currently no systematic monitoring of the different prostheses available. The aims of this study were to propose an approach for the systematic identification of knee and hip prostheses with the highest revision rates, and to identify those with the poorest outcomes.MethodsData recorded from January 2005 to December 2016 were considered from 53 out of the 61 public hospitals in Catalonia included in the Catalonian Arthroplasty Register (RACat). Specific prostheses were classified by joint, type, fixation, and, in total hip prostheses, the bearing surface. Prostheses with the worst outcomes were identified using a three-step approach, based on previous literature: (i) screening using Poisson models; (ii) comparison of prostheses using adjusted Cox models; and (iii) consensus-based review by a panel of orthopedic surgeons to detect possible sources of bias. After this process, selected prostheses were provisionally labeled as having the poorest outcomes. This process will be repeated periodically within the RACat to definitively classify the prostheses.ResultsAfter first two steps, ten knee prostheses and eight hip prostheses were identified. After the panel discussion (third step), one knee and one hip prosthesis were excluded from the final list. The knee prosthesis was excluded because it was a unicompartmental implant, while the hip prosthesis was excluded because it was a monoblock implant. Finally, nine knee prostheses and seven hip prostheses were provisionally identified as having the worst results relative to other available prostheses. These results await confirmation in subsequent analyses.ConclusionsThis study contributed to the current need to identify hip and knee prostheses whose outcomes might be worse than expected. This identification could have an impact at the patient, surgeon, industry, and stakeholder levels.

A Reservoir Computing Model of Reward-Modulated Motor Learning and Automaticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1430-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Pyle ◽  
Robert Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Reservoir Computing ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Learning Rules ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Experimental Findings

Reservoir computing is a biologically inspired class of learning algorithms in which the intrinsic dynamics of a recurrent neural network are mined to produce target time series. Most existing reservoir computing algorithms rely on fully supervised learning rules, which require access to an exact copy of the target response, greatly reducing the utility of the system. Reinforcement learning rules have been developed for reservoir computing, but we find that they fail to converge on complex motor tasks. Current theories of biological motor learning pose that early learning is controlled by dopamine-modulated plasticity in the basal ganglia that trains parallel cortical pathways through unsupervised plasticity as a motor task becomes well learned. We developed a novel learning algorithm for reservoir computing that models the interaction between reinforcement and unsupervised learning observed in experiments. This novel learning algorithm converges on simulated motor tasks on which previous reservoir computing algorithms fail and reproduces experimental findings that relate Parkinson's disease and its treatments to motor learning. Hence, incorporating biological theories of motor learning improves the effectiveness and biological relevance of reservoir computing models.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Maintaining the Requested Handgrip Force Enhanced by Auditory or Visual Feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5158
Author(s):  
Jacek Tarnas ◽  
Rafał Stemplewski ◽  
Piotr Krutki
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Auditory Displays ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Simple Motor Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mixed Groups

Thus far, the differences in effect of auditory or visual feedback in motor learning have presented results derived from mixed groups and sex differences have not been considered. However, perception and processing of auditory stimuli and performance of visual motor tasks appear to be sex-related. The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning of the simple motor task of maintaining a requested handgrip force in separate male and female groups. A total of 31 volunteers (15 males, 16 females) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups with defined sex and training conditions (audio or visual feedback). Participants performed training sessions over a period of six days, for which auditory or visual feedback was provided, and the effectiveness of both types of signals was compared. The evident learning effect was found in all groups, and the main effect of sex was significant among visual groups in favor of the males (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the main effect of feedback conditions was found to be significant among females, beneficially in the case of auditory displays (p < 0.05). The results lead to the conclusion that an equal number of males and females in mixed experimental groups may be supportive to obtain reliable results. Moreover, in motor-learning studies conducted on females only, a design including auditory feedback would be more suitable.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Upper Limb in Children with Acquired Brain Injury: A Preliminary Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Beretta ◽  
Ambra Cesareo ◽  
Emilia Biffi ◽  
Carolyn Schafer ◽  
Sara Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Wide Range

Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can lead to a wide range of impairments, including weakness or paralysis on one side of the body known as hemiplegia. In hemiplegic patients, the rehabilitation of the upper limb skills is crucial, because the recovery has an immediate impact on patient quality of life. For this reason, several treatments were developed to flank physical therapy (PT) and improve functional recovery of the upper limbs. Among them, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and robot-aided therapy have shown interesting potentialities in the rehabilitation of the hemiplegic upper limb. Nevertheless, there is a lack of quantitative evaluations of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting, especially in children, as well as a lack of direct comparative studies between these therapeutic techniques. In this study, a group of 18 children and adolescents with hemiplegia was enrolled and underwent intensive rehabilitation treatment including PT and CIMT or Armeo®Spring therapy. The effects of the treatments were assessed using clinical functional scales and upper limb kinematic analysis during horizontal and vertical motor tasks. Results showed CIMT to be the most effective in terms of improved functional scales, while PT seemed to be the most significant in terms of kinematic variations. Specifically, PT resulted to have positive influence on distal movements while CIMT conveyed more changes in the proximal kinematics. Armeo treatment delivered improvements mainly in the vertical motor task, showing trends of progresses of the movement efficiency and reduction of compensatory movements of the shoulder with respect to other treatments. Therefore, every treatment gave advantages in a specific and different upper limb district. Therefore, results of this preliminary study may be of help to define the best rehabilitation treatment for each patient, depending on the goal, and may thus support clinical decision.

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