The Impact of Wearing and Perceiving Colors on Hormonal, Physiological, and Psychological Parameters in Cycling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stijn V. Mentzel ◽  
Bjoern Krenn ◽  
Dennis Dreiskaemper ◽  
Bernd Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychological Parameters

This study examines the influence of wearing and perceiving colors in a cycling setting while also examining cortisol, heart rate, estimated maximum oxygen consumption, and subjective performance ratings. A total of 99 individuals completed the study, consisting of cortisol measurements, which compared baseline values to those after changing into a red or blue outfit, and a maximum cycling task performed wearing the same outfit while competing against a video opponent in red or blue. Each participant completed the protocol twice on separate days. Wearing a colored outfit showed no influence on cortisol levels. Regarding the cycling task, the participants wearing red had higher maximum heart rate values than when wearing blue. In addition, the results revealed increased maximum heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption values when perceiving an opponent in blue, especially when the participant also wore blue. No differences were found for the median heart rate or performance ratings.

scholarly journals Assessment of Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Ski Mountaineering: A Laboratory-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7002
Author(s):  
Verena Menz ◽  
Martin Niedermeier ◽  
Rainer Stehle ◽  
Hendrik Mugele ◽  
Martin Faulhaber
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Good Agreement

This study aims to evaluate the agreement in maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) between a running protocol and a ski mountaineering (SKIMO) protocol. Eighteen (eleven males, seven females) ski mountaineers (age: 25 ± 3 years) participated in the study. V˙O2max, maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum blood lactate concentration (BLAmax) were determined in an incremental uphill running test and an incremental SKIMO-equipment-specific test. V˙O2max did not differ between the SKIMO and uphill running protocols (p = 0.927; mean difference –0.07 ± 3.3 mL/min/kg), nor did HRmax (p = 0.587, mean difference –0.7 ± 5.1 bpm). A significant correlation was found between V˙O2max SKIMO and V˙O2max running (p ≤ 0.001; ICC = 0.862 (95% CI: 0.670−0.946)). The coefficient of variation was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3−6.5). BLAmax was significantly lower for SKIMO compared to running (12.0 ± 14.1%; p = 0.002). This study demonstrates that V˙O2max determined with a traditional uphill running protocol demonstrates good agreement with an equipment-specific SKIMO protocol.

scholarly journals PO-136 Cycling Incremental test using Breath-by-breath Metabolic Cart to Predict VO2 max

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Haixia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Metabolic Cart

Objective Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a key indicator to assess health as well as sports performance. In heterogeneous, athletic populations, VO2 max is one of the most frequently measured variables in exercise physiology laboratories. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Maximal oxygen uptake with other metabolism parameters during one high-intensity activity, and provide simple solution for VO2 max prediction. Methods A total of 27 young athletes were selected. The incremental test was performed on a cycle ergometer (Monark 874 E, Sweden). Participants warmed up for 5 min at 50 watts (W); thereafter, the power output was increased 125 W every 3 min until exhaustion, which was defined as the incapacity to maintain a pedal cadence above 60 revolution per minute (rpm). Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) and other metabolism indexes were obtained breath-by-breath throughout the test using a metabolic cart (Quark b2, COSMED, Italy). Heart rate (HR) was measured throughout the test using a HR monitor (Polar Vantage NV, Finland). The main method in the VO2 prediction is the use of a mixed effects regression model. The potential explanatory variables include VO2kg (functional data with information on oxygen consumption per kg weight during the test), HR (functional data with heart rate information during the test), MHR (maximum heart rate of the athlete), VO2kgmean (average oxygen consumption during the test), VO2kgmax (maximum oxygen consumption value during the test), VCO2 (carbon dioxide emissions per minute during the test), HRmean (heart rate average), HRmax (maximum heart rate value during the test), age, height, weight. The model statistical analyses were implemented in R platform (version 3.3.3). Results (1) regression model results revealed MHR did not have stronger effects on VO2 max prediction. (2) Parameters of VO2kg, HR, HRmean, height, weight showed relative higher r2 values and lower RMSE values indicating the possible indexes for VO2 max prediction. (3) the interaction effects occurred between indicators which increase the complexity of the model. Conclusions In this study, a simple methodology for the prediction of maximum oxygen consumption has been presented. It combines a relatively simple level of base metabolism parameters. Despite the easy test and low level of exercise required the test provides an rational prediction of VO2 max, which could provide necessary information when it applied as a simple way. 

scholarly journals The Effects of Music Intensity on Performance and Cardiovascular Responses in Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Paria Torkamandi ◽  
◽  
Ali Akbarnejad ◽  
Abbas Ali Gaeini ◽  
Ali Gharecheshmei Ghahremanloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Pressure Maximum

Introduction: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of different musical intensities on performance and cardiovascular responses after incremental exercise in male athletes. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a cross-over design, 15 male athletes were voluntarily selected. The study subjects performed Bruce protocol, along with listening to progressive music, slow music, and without music until exhaustion. Results: This study indicated that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and time to exhaustion insignificantly decreased while listening to slow music, compared to the no music (P=0.134, P=0.993, P=0.999, P=0.160, P=0.819, respectively). Furthermore, while listening to progressive music, compared to no music, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maximum heart rate insignificantly increased (P=0.735, P=0.999, P=0.496, respectively); the maximum oxygen consumption and the time of exhaustion significantly increased in the study subjects (P=0.043, P=0.008 respectively). Moreover, while listening to progressive music, compared to slow music, the systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and the time of exhaustion significantly increased (P=0.004, P=0.009, P=0.002, P=0.001 respectively); however, diastolic blood pressure presented an insignificant decrease (P=0.253). Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that listening to progressive music can affect physiological factors and performance during exercising. It increases the athlete’s motivation and postpones the time to exhaustion to continue exercising; however, listening to slow music creates a state of relaxation during exercise and reduces heart rate. As a result, individuals with hypertension can decline their blood pressure during endurance exercise by listening to soft music.

scholarly journals Comparing the effect of visual and non-visual music on functional factors in a progressive aerobic exercise program

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Faezeh Alizadeh ◽  
Zeinab Ramzani ◽  
Ali Reza Amani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Visual Music ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Factors ◽  
The Impact

 Objective: Aerobic exercises have a significant effect on losing weight and increasing the energy levels. This research aimed to increase the fatigue time in this type of exercises, making it more enjoyable. Method: In this study, eight physical education female students with the same preparedness level were selected by random sampling. The subjects participated ina periodic aerobic exercise during three stages with an interval of 48 hours. The test was based on the Bruce Protocol, which measured the burnout, the maximum oxygen consumption, the perceived exercise pressure, and the heart rate in each stage. Findings: the results revealed that there was a significant difference in the subjects’ burnout time (p = 0.039) while the impact of the visual music compared to the non-visual music in perceiving the exercise pressure was significantly different (p = 0.034). Nonetheless, while measuring the heart rate (p = 0.443), the maximum oxygen consumption (p <0.05) had no significant effect. Conclusion: In was found in the current research that the visual music can be a stronger factor than the non-visual music in making the exercise more enjoyable and increasing the fatigue time.

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM UNDER BICYCLE ERGOMETER TEST IN SKIERS WITH DIFFERENT TRAINING STATUS (KOMI REPUBLIC)

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Solonin ◽  
T.P. Loginova ◽  
I.O. Garnov ◽  
A.L. Markov ◽  
A.A. Chernykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Unit Pulse ◽  
Ski Racers

The aim of the study is to examine the impact of training status on ski racers (Komi Republic) at rest and under bicycle ergometry evaluating their cardiorespiratory system parameters. Materials and Methods. The authors examined male ski racers with different training status: 22 first-rank sportsmen, 22 candidates for Master of Sports and 22 Masters of Sports. Athletes underwent bicycle ergometry loads up to refusal. Oxycon Pro system (Germany) was used. Then authors studied the complex of cardiorespiratory parameters, calculating maximum oxygen consumption and unit physiological cost. Results. At rest and under standard physical load (200 W) Masters of Sports demonstrate significantly increased training status among ski racers in such cardiorespiratory system parameters as heart rate, rate pressure product and oxygen pulse. Under standard physical load (200 W) statistically significant differences between first-rank sportsmen and candidates for Master of Sports are detected by heart rate, rate pressure product, respiration rate, respiratory minute volume and oxygen utilization coefficient. Such deviations indicate differences in training status. Under maximum load, the highest training status is found in Masters of Sports: bicycle ergometry load power and duration; unit pulse, pressor and cardiac cost, bulk and unit values of maximum oxygen consumption. Heart rate values, unit pulse and heart-vent cost indicate a high training status in candidates for Master of Sports under load up to refusal, if compared with first-rank sportsmen. Athletes’ organism under load up to refusal works more efficiently than under moderate load (200 W). The training status in ski racers (Komi Republic) is manifested in the saving cardiorespiratory system functions, both at rest and under standard bicycle ergometry, as well as in parameters of unit physiological cost under loads up to refusal and increased values of maximum oxygen consumption. Keywords: ski racers, Komi Republic, training status, bicycle ergometry loads, cardiorespiratory system, maximum oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF 4-WEEK AEROBIC TRAINING ON THE AEROBIC STATUS OF TOP-LEVEL JUDOKAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Milenko Milošević ◽  
Predrag Nemec ◽  
Vesna Nemec ◽  
Miloš Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Powerful Incentive

The aim of this paper is to use a training methodology that we believe to be a powerful incentive for cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation via individually programmed aerobic running directly through the consumption of oxygen. The experiment was carried out on a top judo team of 9 competitors in a 4-week training period. The distribution of training loads ranged between the anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption. In four weeks of training, the judokas significantly improved their results for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) from 2% to 15%, maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) from 2% to 16%, the Cooper test (K) from 2% to 15% and the speed at which the maximum amount of oxygen (vVO2max) is expended, from 2% to 15%. The judokas started from 64% to 83% of their genetic capacity in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), from 64% to 83% in maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) and 70% to 85% of the capacity at which they consumed the maximum amount of oxygen (vVO2max). After 4 weeks of training, 72% to 91% of the genetic capacity of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) ranged from 74% to 92% of the maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) and from 78% to 93% of the genetically projected capacity at the maximum amount of oxygen rate (vVO2max). In order to achieve these results, the judokas had to expend 943.80 to 1887.71 liters of oxygen ((∑VO2) to cross a distance ((∑ DT) from 67523.0 m to 102386.0 m and consume from 4719 to 9438.55 kilocalories ((∑ kcal).

scholarly journals THE FUNCTIONAL READINESS OF ATHLETES FROM CYCLIC SPORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
V Kornyakova ◽  
V Badtieva ◽  
V Сonway
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aim. The study aims at assessing the functional status of highly skilled athletes from track-and-field and ski sports and determining fatigue criteria. Materials and methods. Highly skilled track-and-field athletes (43) and skiers (16) underwent examination at the preparatory stage of a training cycle. The functional readiness of athletes was assessed using questionnaires, anthropometric, physiological and biochemical research methods. Results. According to the medical history and questionnaire data, all athletes were divided into two groups: the first group included subjects without any signs of fatigue, the second group comprised athletes with fatigue complaints. In athletes with fatigue complaints, increased heart rate was recorded both at rest and after the recovery period; physical efficiency reduced by 28 %, maximum oxygen consumption – by 17.7 %. Heart rate variability in these athletes demonstrates the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and increased stress index of the regulatory systems. Glutathione content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were lower in the erythrocytes of the second group. Some alterations in physiological and biochemical data of the second group demonstrated the presence of physical fatigue. Conclusion. 37.3 % of athletes from cyclic sports experienced any fatigue. The data of antioxidant protection, physical efficiency, maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate variabi­lity can be used for a comprehensive assessment of functional readiness and physical fatigue in athletes.

scholarly journals Effects of a Wearable Carriage Aid on Whole-Body Physiological Measures and Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8076
Author(s):  
Saad A. Alabdulkarim ◽  
Abdulsalam M. Farhan ◽  
Mohamed Z. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Load Mass

Carriage tasks are common and can lead to shoulder and lower back injuries. Wearable carriage aids have shown mixed effects on local physical demand measures. This study examined the impact of a wearable carriage aid on whole-body physiological measures (normalized oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and heart rate) to obtain a more comprehensive assessment regarding aid effectiveness. Additionally, this study investigated the effect of wearing the device on perceived balance. The potential moderating effect of carried load mass was considered. The examination was conducted while walking on a treadmill at a constant speed (2 km/h) for 5 min and was completed by 16 participants. Wearing the device reduced normalized oxygen consumption (~14%), minute ventilation (~7%), and heart rate (~3%), while substantially improving perceived balance (~61%). These effects were consistent across examined carried load levels. Although this study highlighted the potential for the developed aid, future studies are required for more diverse and realistic testing conditions.

Indirect determination of maximal O2 consumption in man

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Margaria ◽  
P. Aghemo ◽  
E. Rovelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Submaximal Work

A nomogram is described for obtaining the value of maximum oxygen consumption per kilogram of body weight from the heart rate values observed at two submaximal work loads. The exercise consists in stepping up and down a 30- to 40-cm bench at a frequency dictated by a metronome. This procedure can be applied to all classes of subjects; the variability of the data obtained is within ±7% with those directly determined. maximum muscle power; aerobic fitness test for sport Submitted on January 27, 1965

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