scholarly journals The Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Ian D. Boardley
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Scalar Invariance

This research aimed to (a) develop a measure of prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, (b) examine its invariance across sex and sport, and (c) provide evidence for its discriminant and concurrent validity. We conducted two studies. In study 1, team sport athletes (N = 1,213) recruited from 103 teams completed questionnaires assessing demographics and prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport. Factor analyses revealed two factors representing prosocial behavior and two factors representing antisocial behavior. The model had a very good fit to the data and showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance across sex and sport. The final scale consisted of 20 items. In Study 2, team-sport athletes (N = 106) completed the scale and measures of empathy and goal orientation. Analyses provided support for the discriminant and concurrent validity of the scale. In conclusion, the new scale can be used to measure prosocial and antisocial behaviors in team sport.

scholarly journals The Effects of Goal Involvement on Moral Behavior in an Experimentally Manipulated Competitive Setting

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Sage ◽  
Maria Kavussanu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Ego Involvement

In this experiment we examined the effects of task and ego involvement on three measures of moral behavior—prosocial choice, observed prosocial behavior, and observed antisocial behavior—in a competitive setting. We also investigated sex differences in moral behavior. Male (n = 48) and female (n = 48) college students were randomly assigned to a task-involving, an ego-involving, or a control condition. Participants played two 10-min games of table soccer and completed measures of prosocial choice, goal involvement, goal orientation, and demographics. The two games were recorded, and frequencies of prosocial and antisocial behavior were coded. Players assigned to the task-involving condition were higher in prosocial choice than those in the ego-involving or control conditions. Individuals in the ego-involving condition displayed more antisocial behaviors than those in the task-involving or control conditions. Finally, females displayed more prosocial behaviors than males.

Bracketed Morality Revisited: How Do Athletes Behave in Two Contexts?

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Ian D. Boardley ◽  
Sam S. Sagar ◽  
Christopher Ring
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ego Orientation ◽  
Highly Correlated

The concept of bracketed morality has received empirical support in several sport studies (e.g., Bredemeier & Shields, 1986a, 1986b). However, these studies have focused on moral reasoning. In this research, we examined bracketed morality with respect to moral behavior in sport and university contexts, in two studies. Male and female participants (Study 1: N = 331; Study 2: N = 372) completed questionnaires assessing prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport and toward other students at university. Study 2 participants also completed measures of moral disengagement and goal orientation in both contexts. In most cases, behavior in sport was highly correlated with behavior at university. In addition, participants reported higher prosocial behavior toward teammates and higher antisocial behavior toward opponents in sport than toward other students at university. The effects of context on antisocial behavior were partially mediated by moral disengagement and ego orientation. Our findings extend the bracketed morality concept to prosocial and antisocial behavior.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Validation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Scale in Sports for the Spanish Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2859
Author(s):  
Noelia Navarro ◽  
Rubén Trigueros ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
José M. Aguilar-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Behavior Scale

The sporting context favors exchange and promotes social relations. Although there are various tools for measuring social behavior, most of them are not adapted to the Spanish context. The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate the Scale of Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sports (PABSS) for that context. The sample was made up of 732 athletes between the ages of 18 and 38 (M = 22.9; SD = 7.3). Statistical analyses allowed us to confirm their appropriate psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the existence of two factors (antisocial behavior and prosocial behavior). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the internal structure of the questionnaire. In addition, the scale was invariant with respect to gender. Cronbach’s Alpha values above 0.70 were found in the different subscales, as well as adequate temporal stability. Therefore, the scale provides a very useful tool in clarifying behavioral processes at the base of prosocial and antisocial behavior in adults towards teammates or rivals in the context of sports competitions in Spain.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport: The Role of Coaching Style, Autonomous vs. Controlled Motivation, and Moral Disengagement

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hodge ◽  
Chris Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Coaching Style

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationships between contextual factors (i.e., autonomy-supportive vs. controlling coaching style) and person factors (i.e., autonomous vs. controlled motivation) outlined in self-determination theory (SDT) were related to prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport. We also investigated moral disengagement as a mediator of these relationships. Athletes’ (n = 292, M = 19.53 years) responses largely supported our SDT-derived hypotheses. Results indicated that an autonomy-supportive coaching style was associated with prosocial behavior toward teammates; this relationship was mediated by autonomous motivation. Controlled motivation was associated with antisocial behavior toward teammates and antisocial behavior toward opponents, and these two relationships were mediated by moral disengagement. The results provide support for research investigating the effect of autonomy-supportive coaching interventions on athletes’ prosocial and antisocial behavior.

scholarly journals Moral Behavior in the Locker Room Predicts Perceptions of Task Cohesion in Youth Ice Hockey Player

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Graupensperger ◽  
Marie S. Tisak
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Locker Room ◽  
Task Cohesion

Abstract Task cohesion (i.e., perceptions of team unity towards a task goal and positive feelings towards one’s own involvement) is associated with myriad psychosocial benefits for youth athletes. Accordingly, sport researchers and youth sport stakeholders are interested in ways of fostering task cohesion. Recent work has found evidence that prosocial and antisocial behaviors among teammates are associated with athletes’ perceptions of task cohesion; however, this research has been limited to moral behavior that takes place during gameplay. Despite youth sport experiences extending well beyond practices and games, we know very little about how moral behavior between teammates, in settings outside gameplay, relates to perceptions of task cohesion. To address this knowledge gap, the current study investigated whether prosocial and antisocial behaviors in the locker room setting were associated with perceptions of task cohesion in a sample of 238 youth male ice hockey players (Mage = 10.75). Using hierarchical regression analyses, our results revealed that (a) perceptions of peer prosocial behavior was positively associated with task cohesion, (b) perceptions of peer antisocial behavior was negatively associated with task cohesion, and (c) self-reported perceptions of participants’ own moral behavior was not significantly associated with task cohesion. Given the association with perceptions of task cohesion, these findings underline the value in promoting prosocial behavior and reducing antisocial behavior in sport settings outside gameplay and hold multiple theoretical and practical implications. Notably, moral behavior that takes place outside gameplay settings may be related to perceptions of task cohesion that primarily relates to goals and interactions during gameplay.

scholarly journals Manifestation of Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in a Basketball Match

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (83) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Šukys ◽  
Vaida Zakrasienė Stankevičiūtė ◽  
Edas Nickus ◽  
Edita Šukienė
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Age Groups

Research background and hypothesis. The number of studies examining moral issues in sport has increased but we still lack research about actual behavior of athletes during the match. It was hypothesized that players and coaches’ behavior would differ in relation with players’ age, course and the final outcome of the match.Research aim was to explore the manifestation of observed prosocial and antisocial behaviors in a basketball match.Research methods. Data were collected using observation technique. 40 games were observed in the two age groups: 13–14 and 17–18-year-old players. Research results. Younger players more often than the older ones demonstrated respect to the referee (p = 0.05), but older players showed respect to opponents more often (p = 0.01). In the second half of the game players quarreled with referees more often than at the beginning of the game (p = 0.001). When the difference in the final outcome of the game was less, athletes were more often angry with each other (p = 0.001) and cursed more often (p = 0.034). Coaches working with younger players showed disrespect to them more often (p = 0.02).Discussion and conclusions. Research partly confirmed the hypothesis that younger basketball players more often demonstrated prosocial behavior during the game. Antisocial behaviors of players were more common in the second half of the match and when the difference in the final result was less. Research did not confirm the fact that coaches who worked with older players demonstrated more antisocial behavior and that such behavior was more common when there was less difference in the results of the match.Keywords: basketball players and coaches’ behavior assessment, moral behavior in sport, players’ age, course of the game, final outcome of the game.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 11-Item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110157
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinabadi ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Mohammad-Sajjad Lotfi ◽  
Yadollah Pournia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
The Face

Loneliness is usually a chronic condition which may lead to physical and psychological undesirable consequences, and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and evaluating its psychometric properties among the Iranian older adults. After applying the translation-back translation method, the prepared script was subjected to the face and content validity evaluations and a Persian version of the scale was prepared. Factor analysis, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used to validate the scale. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale showed acceptable content validity. The negative and significant correlations between the loneliness scores and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable concurrent validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors for the scale. Also, the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated that the scale had acceptable reliability. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring loneliness in the Iranian older adults.

Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in a Turkish Adolescent Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Sarıtaş-Atalar ◽  
Tülin Gençöz ◽  
Ayça Özen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
School Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Age Appropriate

The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) among Turkish adolescents. A total of 595 high school students (300 females and 295 males) whose ages ranged between 14 and 17 years participated in the study, and were administered the DERS, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor structure of the DERS among adolescents. In addition, results indicated sound internal consistency as well as concurrent validity. It is concluded that the DERS is a valid age-appropriate measure for investigating emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents.

To Help or To Harm? Assessing the Impact of Envy on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria C. Behler ◽  
Catherine S. J. Wall ◽  
Adriana Bos ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Harmful Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Two studies examined how envy influences prosocial and antisocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants in an envious state (relative to a neutral state) were less helpful: They picked up fewer dropped pencils in their immediate vicinity. We expanded upon these findings by examining how envy affected both helping and harming behavior in a competitive scenario. In Experiment 2, individuals in envious or neutral states assigned puzzle tasks to another student in a prisoner’s dilemma style scenario. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed via the difficulty of the assigned puzzles (easy puzzles were considered helpful and difficult puzzles were harmful). We hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater motive to harm as well as greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior. The hypothesis was supported, suggesting that envy has detrimental ramifications that go beyond the individual and extend to interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals Cortisol and antisocial behavior in early adolescence: The role of gender in an economically disadvantaged sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Kobak ◽  
Kristyn Zajac ◽  
Seymour Levine
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

AbstractThis study examines the relation between adolescents' antisocial behaviors and adrenocortical activity during a laboratory visit in a sample of economically disadvantaged families (N= 116, ages 12–14, 51% female). Pretask cortisol levels indexed adolescents' prechallenge response to the lab visit, whereas adolescents' response to a conflict discussion with their caregivers was indexed with residualized change in pre- to postconflict cortisol levels. A trait measure of antisocial behavior (derived from parent, teacher, and self-reports) was associated with lower pretask cortisol levels but greater cortisol response to the conflict discussion. Gender moderated antisocial adolescents' cortisol response to the conflict discussion with girls who reported more covert risky problem behaviors showing an increased cortisol response. The findings suggest that, although antisocial adolescents had lower pretask cortisol levels, conflict discussions with caregivers present a unique challenge to antisocial girls compared with antisocial boys.

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