Content Analysis of Athletic Policies from Selected Interscholastic Athletic Handbooks

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
James H. Conn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The U.S

The present study investigated the extent of coverage and distribution of policy content within selected interscholastic athletic handbooks. A total of 400 high schools in the U.S., each state represented by 8 schools, were systematically selected to participate in the study. Each high school was asked to submit its athletic handbook to be examined for content. The content was tabulated in the categories of personnel, student athletes and cheerleaders, medical treatment and safety, organization and governance, public relations, management of events, facilities/equipment/suppiies, fiscal management, and transportation. To determine the uniformity of distribution between major categories and within subcategories, chi square tests of goodness-of-fit were used. Some 40% of the policy statements were found in the categories of personnel (22.9%) and student athletes and cheerleaders (18.0%). Less than 10% of the total were found in fiscal management (4.7%) and transportation (3.6%).

Souls of the Ehime Maru

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
David Leheny
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Nuclear Submarine ◽  
School Students ◽  
The U.S

In February 2001, the USS Greeneville, a nuclear submarine carrying sixteen “distinguished visitors” as part of a U.S. Navy public relations program, collided with the Ehime Maru, a fisheries training boat operated by Uwajima Fisheries High School, off the coast of Hawaii. Nine Japanese perished, including four high school students. Nearly nine months later, the U.S. Navy succeeded in raising the boat from its deepwater crash site and in locating the bodies of eight victims. This retelling focuses on the ways in which both governments emphasized repeatedly the special emotional needs of Japanese victims’ families and of Japan as a whole. By calling attention to inherent contradictions within these representations as well as to tensions surrounding the victims’ families, it separates emotion itself from its political representation, and suggests that the analytical lens ought to focus on the latter rather than the former.

scholarly journals Academic Timing and the Relative Age Effect Among Male and Female Athletes in Canadian Interuniversity Volleyball

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Safranyos ◽  
Laura Chittle ◽  
Sean Horton ◽  
Jess C. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Relative Age Effect

This study examined the moderating effects of academic timing on the relative age effect in men's and women's U Sports (formerly Canadian Interuniversity Sports) volleyball. Interuniversity sport exists within an academic setting and encompasses different age groups within a single team, making it necessary to account for the academic timing of student athletes when studying the relative age effect. To be considered “on-time,” a student athlete's birthdate and expected athletic eligibility status must coincide, while a “delayed” student athlete will have an athletic eligibility corresponding with a younger cohort. We collected birthdates and eligibility years from the U Sports eligibility certificates of 2,780 male and 3,715 female athletes for the years 2006–2007 through 2013–2014; we then classified athletes as either on-time or delayed. We used a chi-square (χ2) goodness-of-fit tests to compare the observed distributions of student athletes' actual versus “expected” births across each quartile. Our analyses demonstrated an advantage for athletes born in the first half of the selection year. These results suggest that delaying entry into university may help equalize the playing field for relatively younger athletes wishing to compete in U Sports volleyball.

scholarly journals Representasi Sosial tentang Tragedi Semanggi pada Mahasiswa Unika Atma Jaya

MANASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Prawiro ◽  
Sarah Andruina Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Expected Frequency

Peristiwa Tragedi Semanggi terjadi pada tanggal 13 November 1998. Hampir setiap tahun terdapat kelompok mahasiswa Unika Atma Jaya melakukan aksi memperingati Tragedi Semanggi walaupun mereka tidak mengalami langsung peristiwa tersebut. Namun sebagian besar mahasiswa tidak ikut memperingati Tragedi Semanggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami perbedaan keterlibatan dalam aksi peringatan Tragedi Semanggi melalui konsep representasi sosial, dengan pendekatan struktural. Pendekatan ini memandang bahwa isi representasi sosial suatu kelompok mencakup dua sistem, yaitu central core dan peripheral. Metode penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dan melalui dua tahap. Tahap pertama bertujuan mengidentifikasi atribut representasi sosial tentang Tragedi Semanggi, dan tahap kedua bertujuan mengidentifikasi atribut mana yang berada di central core dan peripheral. Penelitian ini melibatkan 230 partisipan pada tahap pertama dan 206 partisipan pada tahap kedua, yang diperoleh melalui accidental sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan kuesioner online dengan teknik word association pada tahap pertama dan teknik calling-into-question pada tahap kedua. Analisis data tahap pertama menggunakan content analysis, sedangkan pada tahap kedua menggunakan chi-square goodness of fit dengan ⅔ expected frequency. Hasil penelitian menemukan 18 atribut representasi sosial tentang Tragedi Semanggi, yaitu: “korban”, “mahasiswa”, “situasi yang kacau”, “demonstrasi”, “aparat negara”, “perilaku kekerasan”, “perlawanan”, “pelanggaran hukum dan HAM”, “Atma Jaya”, “perasaan takut”, “masa lalu”, “pemerintah”, “reformasi”, “ketidakadilan”, “politik”, “belum selesai”, “orde baru”, “perasaan sedih”. Perbedaan antara kelompok partisipan aksi dan kelompok nonpartisipan aksi terletak pada atribut “belum selesai” dan “reformasi”.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Chemistry Conceptual Profile of Selected Senior High School STEM Students from a Private School in Manila

KIMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Rick Jasper A. Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Private School ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stem Students ◽  
Diverse Context ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Conceptual Profile

Chemistry has always been identified as a discipline with pluralistic characteristics. This implies that chemistry can be viewed differently based on one’s conception, conceptual model, and conceptual change. Subsequently, this denotes into a diverse context, different profiles of conceptions, which then convey multifaceted view of the discipline. The polysemous view of chemistry was addressed and proposed into six chemistry conceptual profile zones - monist, epistemic, processual, pragmatic, aversive, and attractive. There is a need to recognize this and structure chemistry education based on conceptual profile, since the discipline is naturally complex, rich, and multifaceted. The objective of the study is to analyze, identify, and categorize the multifaceted conceptions in chemistry of selected senior high school STEM students enrolled in a certain private school in Manila City, under these six conceptual profile zones. More so, the study aims to determine the possible ways to improve the conceptions of students based on their own response and perspective. Descriptive qualitative research design through semantic thematic analysis and statistical inference using Chi-square of Goodness-of-Fit were employed to analyze the data. The result revealed that almost all of these (n=57) selected SHS STEM students can conceptualize the epistemic view in the profile zone but not the other five. Based on the two themes generated, it can be implied that there is always an opportunity for critical reflection on how to reconceptualize the discipline and take chemistry into a more authentic field of science and science education.

scholarly journals High School Student-Athletes’ Awareness of Concussion Education May Differ by Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0016
Author(s):  
Regina Kostyun ◽  
David Wang ◽  
Matthew Solomito
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concussion Education

Background: A tremendous amount of resources and education have been directed towards those involved in high school athletics to help recognize the signs and symptoms of a concussion and ensure removal from play of potentially concussed athletes. Concussion education policies have been broadly implemented across the country; however, the success of these educational methods at encouraging adolescents to disclose their symptoms has yet to be determined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) identify how many student-athletes recognized they had been provided concussion education and (2) document disclosure and non-disclosure patterns. Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed to student-athletes at four Connecticut high schools. The survey contained demographic questions (sex, age, primary sport, and prior history of concussion) along with a question asking if the individual had received formal concussion education. The survey then asked in which of six provided situations the athlete would disclose their symptoms and which of eight provided reasons would prevent the athlete from disclosing their symptoms. Respondents were grouped by education status (received or not) and the difference in response frequency was evaluated using Chi-Square tests. Results: A total of 872 athletes (average age 15.8±1.3 years, 410 Males, 462 Females) completed the survey (61.2% response rate). A total of 583 (66.9%) athletes reported having received concussion education. Athletes who reported that they had not received concussion education were significantly younger than athletes that reported that they had received concussion education (p=<0.001). Both the education and non-education groups identified an important game as the least likely situation to disclose symptoms, and practice as the most likely situation. The most common reason for non-disclosure was “Don’t want to miss game” in the education group and “Don’t think I have a concussion” in the non-education group. Significant differences in response rates between groups were found for ‘Don’t think I have a concussion’ (p=0.038) and ‘Others played with concussions’ (p=0.005). Conclusion: Current educational efforts may not be successfully educating younger student-athletes about the importance of recognizing and reporting concussion symptoms. Within our small cohort of Connecticut high schools, approximately 1/3 of individuals reported not receiving education, and more than half of student-athletes report that they would not disclose concussion symptoms during important games despite receiving education. Further work is required to re-evaluate the efficacy of current educational programs available to high school athletes, focusing on non-disclosure reasons reported by varying ages of student-athletes. [Table: see text]

Antitrust: U.S. Supreme Court Affirms FTC Jurisdiction but Vacates Scope of Analysis on CDA Policy

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Zakhary
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Federal Trade Commission ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Antitrust Analysis ◽  
Business Financing ◽  
The U.S

In California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a nonprofit affiliation of dentists violated section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (1998), which prohibits unfair competition. The Court examined two issues: (1) the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) jurisdiction over the California Dental Association (CDA); and (2) the proper scope of antitrust analysis. The Court unanimously held that CDA was subject to FTC's jurisdiction, but split 5-4 in its finding that the district court's use of abbreviated rule-of-reason analysis was inappropriate.CDA is a voluntary, nonprofit association of local dental societies. It boasts approximately 19,000 members, who constitute roughly threequarters of the dentists practicing in California. Although a nonprofit, CDA includes for-profit subsidiaries that financially benefit CDA members. CDA gives its members access to insurance and business financing, and lobbies and litigates on their behalf. Members also benefit from CDA marketing and public relations campaigns.

Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

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