The Structure of Funding in Canadian Interuniversity Athletics

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Armstrong-Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Student Support ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Student Fees

Increasing financial constraints have led athletic directors in Canadian universities to consider alternative sources of funding to supplement traditional university and student support. A profile of the current structure of athletic funding was developed to provide a better understanding of who is paying for interuniversity athletics and to address concerns about the possible implications of this support. Athletic directors at 34 Canadian universities reported the amounts of financial resources received from various sources during the previous fiscal year; the amount from each source was calculated as a percentage of the total athletic budget. The results indicate that the majority of funding for interuniversity athletics continues to be secured from university funds and/or student fees, although a decline in the former was noted. An increase in the percentage of funding from internal revenues generated by the athletic department was observed. However, funding from nonuniversity sources continues to be relatively minimal.

The concepts and features of the models of venture investment of energy-oriented startups

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Oleh Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Start Ups

The theoretical and methodological principles of promising managerial decisions concerning the efficiency of attracting financial resources, as well as creation of fundamentally new sources of funding for the development of energy-oriented start-ups are considered. The role and place of the sectors of innovative energy saving and alternative sources of power supply in a complex system of energy independence of the country are determined. The way and the main directions of research and development of the ways to solve the aforementioned problem are outlined. As part of the search for optimization solutions, it is suggested to use the principles of the existing statistical and mathematical apparatus, marketing achievements and achievements in network development that take place in gaming business. An analogue comparison of the principal models was carried out, during which the existing types of energy-oriented start-ups were determined and presented. A separate direction in the economic search is proposed, and its profile characteristics are outlined. The type of model is typical for Ukrainian conditions. The author proposed a method of comparing strategies for attracting financial resources into a gaming business in the core of the research. To solve the investigated problem, it is proposed to apply the property of the law of the emergence. The analysis is based on a concrete example of the functioning of the tender procedure, namely the organization of public procurement. The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the author's proposal to focus on such an important phenomenon as the constant creation of the difference between the expected price and the final contractual price. The model of the solution is based on the systematic combination of this phenomenon and the administrative stimulation of implementation of exclusively energy-innovation projects. The combination of these two points is the basis of an optimization policy for the potential formation and maintenance of a state program to search and stimulate the sources of funding for power plants.

scholarly journals College Athletics Spending: Principals and Agents v. Arms Race

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Fort
Keyword(s):  
College Athletics ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Budgeting Process

It is widely held that collegiate athletic directors are trapped in an expenditure arms race.  But the arms race explanation completely omits the actual consideration of the university budgeting process.  In its place, the arms race logic imposes strained assumptions about the cooperative setting and the naïveté of university administrators, along with a curious distinction of one type of revenue to reach its conclusions.  And the interpretation of the data on spending and benefits from college sports has not been done particularly well in the past. This paper presents an alternative principal-agent explanation that is based on the observed actual financial (budget) relationship between university administrators and their athletic department and consistent with the entirety of the aggregate-level data on college athletics finance.  Empirically discerning between the two models is crucial since each generates decidedly different policy implications.

scholarly journals The Perceived Export Barriers of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: An Analysis from Lesotho-Based Manufacturing Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Motšelisi C. Mokhethi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Export Barriers ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small enterprises represent a large proportion of enterprises in most economies and are a driving force for economic growth. Most small enterprises refrain from exporting due to a number of challenges. The aim of this study was to determine the exporting barriers perceived to constrain exporting from Lesotho-based manufacturing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were collected from 162 Lesotho-based manufacturing enterprises through a self-administered questionnaire. Factor analysis revealed three export barrier groupings, namely international, distribution, and financial constraints. The descriptive statistics showed that Lesotho-based manufacturing MSMEs perceive lack of financial resources for market research, lack of financial resources to finance export sales, and lack of excess capacity for exports, all internal to an enterprise-loading under financial barriers as constraints to exporting. The study added to the literature new classes of export barriers. The findings suggest that the government of Lesotho has to put in place mechanisms that can reduce financial constraints to enable MSMEs to contribute as expected.

scholarly journals Parental Resources and College Attendance: Evidence from Lottery Wins

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 1201-1240
Author(s):  
George Bulman ◽  
Robert Fairlie ◽  
Sarena Goodman ◽  
Adam Isen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
College Costs ◽  
Us Children ◽  
The Relationship

We examine US children whose parents won the lottery to trace out the effect of financial resources on college attendance. The analysis leverages federal tax and financial aid records and substantial variation in win size and timing. While per-dollar effects are modest, the relationship is weakly concave, with a high upper bound for amounts greatly exceeding college costs. Effects are smaller among low-SES households, not sensitive to how early in adolescence the shock occurs, and not moderated by financial aid crowd-out. The results imply that households derive consumption value from college, and household financial constraints alone do not inhibit attendance. (JEL G51, I22, I23, I24, I26, I28, J24, J31)

Association between the availability of financial resources and working capital management with stock surplus returns in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Nadia Mahdavi ◽  
Saeed Zarif Agahi Dari ◽  
Hossein Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between access to financial resources, working capital with surplus stock returns and value of the company in Iran. Design/methodology/approach The study population consists of 728 observations and 91 firms listed on the Tehran stock exchange during an eight-year period between 2009 and 2016. The statistical model used in this study is a multivariate regression model; further, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses is panel data. Findings The results saw a negative and significant linkage between changes in cash and stock’ excess returns, whereas no meaningful association between changes in working capital and stock surplus returns was seen. In other words, an Iranian rial (Iran’s currency) invested in working capital worth less on average than a rial held in cash. Furthermore, the authors realized that in an inflationary economy, firms mainly pay more dividends so as to illustrate better their financial position and also to attract more investors’ trust. The results also indicated that the final value of working capital in the companies that are faced with financial constraints is more than companies that are not faced with financial constraints. Subsequently, after the elimination of the effects of inflation on stock returns, it was found there is not any significant association between the stock’s real return and firm value. Practical implications This is one of the most comprehensive research works in Iran that simultaneously surveys the impacts of access to finance and working capital on firm value. This research warns corporate managers to pay more attention to the importance of keeping cash to finance and manage working capital for profitability and sustainability of their company’s operations. Surely, by understanding the relationship between cash holdings, working capital management and stock surplus return, investors will be able to make appropriate decisions about the optimal choice of funds. Originality/value What really will fascinate other scholars about this paper is the time period of the study because there were unprecedented sanctions against Iran market and many manufacturing industries were in financial strain. Without hesitation, the paper will make aware investors and stakeholders of this fact that cash holdings will be a good way in reducing the corporate financial problems in emerging markets, particularly those markets face financial sanctions like Iran.

Athletic Directors’ Perceptions of Environmental Control Over Interuniversity Athletics

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Armstrong-Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Organizational Activities

Interuniversity athletic departments face an ever-increasing number and complexity of factors in their environment, which may impact on their organizational activities to varying degrees. The head athletic directors at 34 of the 45 (76%) Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU) member institutions rated the degree of control of 15 environmental elements over seven basic activities of the athletic department. The athletic department was perceived to function relatively independent of broad environmental control, with the exception of establishing and supporting a philosophy of interuniversity athletics. It appears that perceived control is a multidimensional phenomenon that varies across the environmental elements and the activities of the athletic department.

Female NCAA Division I Athletic Directors: Experiences and Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Taylor ◽  
Robin Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Intercollegiate Athletics ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Athletic Directors ◽  
Career Mobility ◽  
Division I ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
Female Role ◽  
Football Programs

This study examined the experiences and challenges of 10 female Division I athletic directors. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) lack of female role models; (b) females are not qualified to manage football programs; (c) scrutiny about (lack of) ability and experience, and (d) benefits of intercollegiate coaching experience. The findings of this study suggest these are the central causes for females’ inability to reach maximum career mobility in the intercollegiate athletics industry. Participants encouraged women trying to enter the intercollegiate athletics industry to find a mentor who can advocate for them as they navigate through their career. In addition, participants encouraged those entering the industry to gain experience in as many facets of the athletic department as possible.

scholarly journals Financial Constraints and the Sustainability of Dividend Payout Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6334
Author(s):  
Greta Falavigna ◽  
Roberto Ippoliti
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Payout Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
The Capital Market

This article investigates the relation between dividend payout policy and financial constraints, focusing on the Italian SMEs between 2015 and 2019 and adopting credit ratings as a measure of access to external financial resources. According to our findings, there is a positive relation between firm solvency and the payment of dividends, suggesting that, when companies’ financial constraints are higher, we can expect lower odds that they will pay out dividends. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that younger SMEs are interested in signaling their expected profitability to attract future investors and support access to the capital market.

Financial Logistics of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Dankova ◽  
Marta Telus
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Effective Use

The aim of this paper is to focus on the issue of financial logistics within conditions of small and medium enterprises, especially by gaining and using of financial resources by companies in selected regions in Slovak Republic.The main idea of this paper is to define possible recommendations and ideas based on the acquired knowledge for more effective use of supporting financial systems for SMEs. The aim is to eliminate regional disparities on selected area as well as possibility of using alternative sources of financing SMEs.

scholarly journals Implementing sustainable forests: A Canadian commitment

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Griss
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Participation Research ◽  
Sustainable Forests ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Sustainable Forests: A Canadian Commitment promises some fundamental changes in the approach to forest management in Canada. Achieving these objectives will require political will and creative and innovative approaches to securing the necessary human and financial resources. In particular, increased attention is required to non-timber values, changing roles and responsibilities, public participation, research, and reporting, if the strategy is to be implemented successfully. Governments must demonstrate leadership in these areas, but are impeded by structural, political, and financial constraints.

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