Multimodal Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback: Looking at Children's Ability to Control Precompetitive Anxiety

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Blais ◽  
Robert J. Vallerand
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Electromyographic Biofeedback ◽  
Rest Periods

This study assessed the multimodal effects of electromyographic biofeedback on highly trait-anxious subjects, boys who scored in the upper quartile of the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Subjects participated in a bogus sport competitive tournament and participated individually in six laboratory sessions that consisted of a practice session and five matches. Each session comprised an adaptation period and three games separated by three rest periods. Biofeedback or placebo condition was administered during the rest periods. Frontalis EMG, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured at the end of a rest period and immediately before every game (i.e., stress periods). State anxiety (STAIC; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) was measured before every game, and game performance was also recorded. Results from a MANOVA combining the three physiological variables revealed significant variations between rest and stress periods but no significant group differences. Results from univariate repeated measures ANCOVAs on all dependent variables revealed that the biofeedback group was superior to the placebo group in reducing frontalis EMG both during rest periods and in the general competitive setting. Results support the specificity of single-system biofeedback training and are discussed in light of the discriminative/motor skills model and the trophotropic rebiasing model.

Group Differences in Alcohol-Creativity Interactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol Dose

A repeated-measures, balanced-order design was used to test for the effects of alcohol on creativity as measured by verbal forms of the Torrance Creativity Test. Social drinkers (8 men and 8 women) performed under 2 conditions, alcohol (dose = 0.83 ml ethanol/kg body weight) and a placebo. Significant group differences in the alcohol-creativity interaction were noted in that the performance of higher-scoring (in the placebo condition) subjects was impaired by alcohol whereas that of lower-scoring subjects was enhanced.

A Test of Magill's Closed-to-Open Continuum for Skill Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hautala ◽  
James H. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Retention Session ◽  
Practice Sequence

Magills arrangement of Gentile's 2 × 2 matrix of skills classification into a closed-to-open-skill learning continuum was investigated. 63 volunteer university students were assigned to three experimental groups who performed different learning sequences on the Bachman Ladder for four practice sessions, climbing the unsupported Bachman Ladder (Task 4) in the final scored session. Following practice sessions, a five-trial, scored, Task 4 “retention” session was performed. Analysis of variance of retention trials indicated no difference between the practice groups regardless of practice sequence. Comparison of five selected trials from the Task 4 practice session and the five Task 4 retention performances, using a 4 × 2 analysis of variance with repeated measures, indicated significant group and time effects but no interaction. While Magill's arrangement of related activities into closed-to-open-skill learning continuums is supported, the specific arrangement of the lead-up skills does not appear critical. The question of task specificity for any learning continuum is raised, and further issues for research are proposed.

scholarly journals Effects of Cluster Sets and Rest-Redistribution on Mechanical Responses to Back Squats in Trained Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Jenny A. Conlon ◽  
Sophia Nimphius ◽  
Lee E. Brown ◽  
Alex Petkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
P Values ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Frequent Sets ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cluster Sets ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Force Velocity

Abstract Eight resistance-trained men completed three protocols separated by 48-96 hours. Each protocol included 36 repetitions with the same rest duration, but the frequency and length of rest periods differed. The cluster sets of four (CS4) protocol included 30 s of rest after the 4th, 8th, 16th, 20th, 28th, and 32nd repetition in addition to 120 s of rest after the 12th and 24th repetition. For the other two protocols, the total 420 s rest time of CS4 was redistributed to include nine sets of four repetitions (RR4) with 52.5 s of rest after every four repetitions, or 36 sets of single repetitions (RR1) with 12 s of rest after every repetition. Mean (MF) and peak (PF) force, velocity (MV and PV), and power output (MP and PP) were measured during 36 repetitions and were collapsed into 12 repetitions for analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA 3 (protocol) x 12 (repetition) showed a protocol x repetition interaction for PF, MV, PV, MP, and PP (p-values from <0.001 to 0.012). No interaction or main effect was present for MF. During RR1, MV, PV, MP, and PP were maintained, but decreased throughout every 4-repetition sequence during CS4 and RR4. During CS4 and RR4, PF was less following a rest period compared to subsequent repetitions, whereas PF was maintained during RR1. These data indicate that rest redistribution results in similar average kinetics and kinematics, but if total rest time is redistributed to create shorter but more frequent sets, kinetics and kinematics may remain more constant.

scholarly journals Can Eight over Bowling Spell be a Directives of Pace Bowling for Practice Session: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129
Author(s):  
Mr. Mimu Seikh ◽  
Dr. Abhijit Thander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
District Level ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Performance Variable ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of continuous bowling spell on physical and physiological performance in pace bowling and also to find out how many over a district level pace bowler can bowl at a stretch in practice session. In the present study ten (10) male pace bowlers 18 to 23 years from Paschim Medinipur West Bengal were selected for this study. Data on selected physiological parameters namely pulse rate, blood lactate were measured prior to the first over and Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and performance variable ball accuracy were measured after the 1st over and immediately after the completion of each 3rd, 5th, and 8th overs, by using digital sphygmomanometer, blood lactate analyser (Accutrend plus) and Borg scale respectively. The basic statistical parameters were calculated for all the data: the mean and standard deviation. One-way, repeated measures ANOVA were performed to determine differences in the respective 8- over spell. The result shows that all the physiological variables were significantly changed during a longduration of bowling spell. And no significant difference was found on bowling Performance variable ball accuracy during the 8-over spell on cricket pace bowling performance. It may be concluded that a district level pace bowler can bowl constant 8- over bowling spell at a stretch in practice session in West Bengal environment conditions.

Predialytic versus Intradialytic Nutrition: A Study to Assess Effects on Intradialytic Blood Pressure, Dialysis Adequacy, and Urea Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Namrata S. Rao ◽  
Abhilash Chandra ◽  
Sai Saran ◽  
Manish Raj Kulshreshta ◽  
Prabhakar Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Provision of oral protein in hemodialysis (HD) is desirable due to improved compliance to protein requirements and better nutritional status, but the risks of hypotension and underdialysis need to be considered. This study compared 2 different timings for administering oral nutritional supplements (ONS), predialysis and mid-dialysis, with respect to hemodynamics, dialysis adequacy, urea removal, and tolerability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center, prospective crossover study analyzed 72 stable patients with ESRD on twice a week maintenance HD with a mean age of 38.7 (±11.2) years and a dialysis vintage of 28.2 (±13.1) months. In the first week, all the patients received ONS (450 kcal energy, 20 g protein) 1 h prior to start of dialysis (group 1) and in the next week, the supplement was administered after 2 h of start of dialysis (group 2), with a predialysis fasting period of at least 3 h in both groups. Blood pressures, serum, and spent dialysate samples were collected and nausea occurrence was noted by severity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Predialytic intake (group 1) was associated with higher predialysis and 1st hour blood urea, dialysis adequacy, and urea removal than group 2. Both groups achieved mean Kt/V &#x3e; 1.2, and the occurrence of symptomatic hypotensive episodes and nausea was not significantly different between the groups. On repeated measures ANOVA, changes in blood urea over time showed significant group effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Predialytic supplementation was associated with better dialysis adequacy and urea removal than intradialytic supplementation. However, both timings were equally tolerated and not associated with underdialysis.

Morphophysiological studies of the shoot apex. I. Recurrent growth flushes and their relationship with structural changes in the growing apex of Callistemon viminalis

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Purohit ◽  
K. K. Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis

The annual growth cycle of Callistemon viminalis consists of three phases: (1) a reproductive phase that continues till the end of February; (2) a vegetative phase that lasts from the end of February till the end of August; and (3) a long dormant phase which lasts till the end of December. The cycle exhibits four growth flushes with alternating periods of active growth and rest. The duration of the successive rest periods increases, leading eventually to the onset of the long dormant phase.The growing apex exhibits more or less similar histological changes in different growth flushes. An increase in divisional activity of the cells of flanking meristem, accompanied by a decline in the elongation of cells of pith rib meristem, characterizes the rest period. During the active period of growth, the cells of the pith rib meristem elongate but the activity of the flanking meristem decreases. The number of leaves produced in each growth flush, therefore, is dependent upon the duration of the preceding rest period, and their size and nature on the duration of active growth. In growth flush 1 the cells of the rib meristem show elongation twice during the active period corresponding with the separation of floral buds and of foliage leaves respectively. In the long dormant phase, on the other hand, the cells of the flanking meristem show high divisional activity twice, first during September when new leaf primordia are initiated, and again during November when floral buds are initiated. Events of great significance thus occur during the long dormant phase. The reproductive development is characterized by a marked increase in the rate of cell division in the flanking meristem accompanied by cessation of growth, the features that characterize the rest period as well.

Effect of Healing on Fatigue Law Parameters of Asphalt Binders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Stimilli ◽  
Cassie Hintz ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Raul Velasquez ◽  
Hussain U. Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Pavement Structure ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Asphalt binder has the ability to self-heal during rest periods when repetitive loading is applied. Studying the effect of rest on fatigue law parameters provides useful insight into the healing capabilities of asphalt binders. Currently, standard testing and analysis procedures to quantify asphalt binder healing capability are limited and difficult to implement in practice. Fatigue is known to depend on both traffic loading and pavement structure. Power law relations (e.g., Nf = Aγ−B) are commonly used for fatigue analysis of pavement materials. Power laws are used to estimate fatigue life (i.e., number of cycles to failure, Nf) as a function of load amplitude (e.g., strain, γ), which is a reflection of the pavement structure. In this study, testing consisted of strain-controlled time sweeps in the dynamic shear rheometer with a single rest period inserted at a specified damage level. With the selected test, the effect of healing on the relationship between fatigue life and strain was investigated. Nine neat and modified binders were tested. Healing testing was conducted at multiple age levels and strains. Healing that resulted from a single rest period had an insignificant effect on fatigue performance compared with modification and oxidative aging. Although this paper highlights the challenges of using few rest periods to predict healing potential, preliminary results of testing with multiple rest periods show the importance of healing. Further investigation is needed to verify the effect of multiple rest periods on binder fatigue.

Mental Fatigue Reduces the Benefits of Self-Controlled Feedback on Learning a Force Production Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110373
Author(s):  
Milad Khojasteh Moghani ◽  
Rasool Zeidabadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shahabi Kaseb ◽  
Iman Bahreini Borujeni
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transfer Test ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
The Self ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Force Production Task

This study investigated the impact of mental fatigue and self-controlled versus yoked feedback on learning a force production task. We randomly assigned 44 non-athlete male students (Mage = 21.4, SD = 1.4 years) to four groups; (a) MF&SCF = mental fatigue & self-controlled feedback, (b) MF&Y = mental fatigue & yoked, (c) NMF&SCF = no mental fatigue & self-controlled feedback, and (d) NMF&Y = no mental fatigue & yoked). SCF group participants were provided feedback whenever they requested it, while YK group participants received feedback according to a schedule created by their SCF counterparts. To induce mental fatigue, participants performed a Stroop color-word task for one hour. During the acquisition (practice) phase, participants were asked to produce a given percentage of their maximum force (20%) in 12 blocks of six trials. We recorded the participants’ absolute error at the end of the acquisition phase, the immediate retention test, the first transfer test, and the second transfer test (after 24 hours and without any further mental fatigue). The acquisition phase data were analyzed in a 2 (feedback) × 2 (mental fatigue) × 12 (block) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor, while the retention and transfer data were analyzed in 2 (feedback) × 2 (mental fatigue) ANOVAs. We found that all four groups made significant progress during practice ( p < .001), but there were no significant group differences during this phase ( p>.05). There was a significant interaction effect of self-controlled feedback and mental fatigue at retention ( p = .018) and transfer testing ( p < .001). In the mental fatigue condition, participants in the self-controlled group had poorer learning compared to participants in the yoked group; but when not mentally fatigued, participants in the self-controlled group had better learning than those in the yoked group. These findings suggest that mental fatigue reduces typical advantages of self-controlled feedback in motor learning.

scholarly journals Structural characteristics and chemical composition of andropogon grass pasture managed under different defoliation intensities and rest periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Naysson de Sousa Santos ◽  
Ricardo Alves Araújo ◽  
Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Dry Biomass

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic, structural traits and chemical composition of andropogon grass subjected to different defoliation intensities and rest periods. Two defoliation intensities (15 and 30 cm) and four rest periods (25; 35, 45 and 55 days) were evaluated in a factorial completely randomized design, with four replications. The rest period promoted a linear decreasing effect (P <0.05) on the dry biomass of leaf blades in the two defoliation intensities. The dry biomass of stems showed an increasing linear effect (P <0.05) according to the rest periods in the two defoliation intensities. Production was recorded at 2427.71; 2907.39; 3325.72 and 3749.45 kg ha−1 for the periods of 25; 35; 45 and 55 days, respectively. The dry matter content showed an increasing linear effect (P <0.05) as a function of the rest periods evaluated in the two defoliation intensities. The rest period indicated a decreasing linear trend (P <0.05) for the crude protein content in the two defoliation intensities. A decrease of 0.9 and 0.7 g kg−1 was verified for each day of the rest period. For each additional day in the rest period, there was an increase of 1.2 and 1.5 g kg−1 DM in the neutral detergent fiber content at intensities of 15 and 30 cm. The andropogon grass pasture managed with a 25-day rest period and defoliation intensity of 30 cm showed high leaf/stem ratio and good nutritional value.

scholarly journals Functional brain network modeling in sub-acute stroke patients and healthy controls during rest and continuous attentive tracking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend S. Dørum ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Geneviève Richard ◽  
Knut K. Kolskår ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Regularized Linear Discriminant Analysis

AbstractA cerebral stroke is characterized by compromised brain function due to an interruption in cerebrovascular blood supply. Although stroke incurs focal damage determined by the vascular territory affected, clinical symptoms commonly involve multiple functions and cognitive faculties that are insufficiently explained by the focal damage alone. Functional connectivity (FC) refers to the synchronous activity between spatially remote brain regions organized in a network of interconnected brain regions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has advanced this system-level understanding of brain function, elucidating the complexity of stroke outcomes, as well as providing information useful for prognostic and rehabilitation purposes.We tested for differences in brain network connectivity between a group of patients with minor ischemic strokes in sub-acute phase (n=44) and matched controls (n=100). As neural network configuration is dependent on cognitive effort, we obtained fMRI data during rest and two load levels of a multiple object tacking (MOT) task. Network nodes and time-series were estimated using independent component analysis (ICA) and dual regression, with network edges defined as the partial temporal correlations between node pairs. The full set of edgewise FC went into a cross-validated regularized linear discriminant analysis (rLDA) to classify groups and cognitive load.MOT task performance and cognitive tests revealed no significant group differences. While multivariate machine learning revealed high sensitivity to experimental condition, with classification accuracies between rest and attentive tracking approaching 100%, group classification was at chance level, with negligible differences between conditions. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significantly stronger synchronization between a temporal node and a sensorimotor node in patients across conditions. Overall, the results revealed high sensitivity of FC indices to task conditions, and suggest relatively small brain network-level disturbances after clinically mild strokes.

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