The Relationship between Lower Extremity Isokinetic Work and Single-Leg Functional Hop-Work Test

Context:Lower extremity functional testing assesses strength, power, and neuro-muscular control. There are only moderate correlations between distance hopped and isokinetic strength measures.Objective:Determine if incorporating body weight in the single-leg hop for distance increases the correlation to isokinetic measures.Study Design:Correlational study.Setting:Musculoskeletal laboratory.Participants:30 healthy college students; 15 men and 15 women; ages 18 to 30 years.Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic average peak torque and total work of quadriceps and hamstrings and single-leg hop work and distance.Results:Significant correlations include hop work to total-work knee extension (r= .89), average peak-torque knee extension (r= .88), distance hopped to total-work knee extension (r= .56) and average peak-torque knee extension (r= .63). Correlations involving hop work were greater than distance hopped (P< .05).Conclusions:Use of body weight in the assessment of distance hopped provides better information about the patient’s lower extremity strength and ability than the distance hopped alone.

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Isokinetic Strength Profiles of Thigh Muscles of Modern Dancers in Relation to Their Experience Level

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2013.3028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

Ani Agopyan ◽

Demet Tekin ◽

Mehmet Unal ◽

Hizir Kurtel ◽

Gullu Turan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Total Work ◽

Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽

Experience Level ◽

Strength Tests ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

Modern Dancers

The aim of this study was to determine maximal voluntary peak torque (PT), PT% body weight (PT%BW), total work (TW), and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (HQR) for bilateral and unilateral thigh muscle strength during isokinetic muscle contractions in modern dancers in relation to their experience level. METHODS: Twenty-two female dancers were divided into two groups: intermediate dancers (ID, n=11) and advanced dancers (AD, n=11). Strength tests were performed using the Biodex System-III Pro Multijoint System isokinetic dynamometer to determine three joint angular velocities (60, 180, 300°/s). RESULTS: During extension, ADs exhibited higher ratios in the HQR (p=0.016) on right leg at 300°/s, IDs generated greater TW (p=0.042), and within groups, there was a significant left-to-right difference in the HQR at 300°/s for ADs (p=0.042). During flexion, within groups, the ADs exhibited significant differences between legs for both PT (p=0.026) and PT%BW (p=0.022) at 300°/s. CONCLUSION: For both groups, the average HQR in all angular velocities was not within the recommended range, which is required to prevent injuries; at the same time, unilateral muscular imbalances existed. Lower extremities of ADs exhibited asymmetric strength patterns at a certain level. Further research should be done to confirm the findings of this pilot study.

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Effects of Hydraulic Resistance Strength Training on Isokinetic Measures of Leg Strength in Men with Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.12.4.377 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 377-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rory Suomi ◽

Paul R. Surburg ◽

Peter Lecius

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Hydraulic Resistance ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

The Other ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Total Work ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Hip Abduction

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hydraulic resistance (HR) training on total work and peak torque measures of isokinetic strength for tests of knee extension and hip abduction on men with mental retardation (MR). The subjects, 22 men with mild to moderate MR, were randomly assigned to two groups; 11 subjects trained three times a week for 12 weeks using HR exercise machines, while the other 11 served as controls. Prior to and after the 12 weeks of training, all subjects were assessed on isokinetic tests of knee extension at 60 deg/s and hip abduction at 30 deg/s. The strength trained subjects exhibited significant increases in total work scores on knee extension and hip abduction tests for both legs ranging from 25.0 to 177.1%. Significant increases ranging from 50.1 to 82.7% were also noted on two of the four peak torque measures. The control subjects did not exhibit significant changes in total work or peak torque scores on either muscle test between test sessions.

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Profiling Isokinetic Strength by Leg Preference and Position in Rugby Union Athletes

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2015-0241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 500-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Scott R. Brown ◽

Matt Brughelli ◽

Lee A. Bridgeman

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Lower Extremity Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hip Strength ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

Sectional Analysis

Context:Muscle imbalances aid in the identification of athletes at risk for lower-extremity injury. Little is known regarding the influence that leg preference or playing position may have on lower-extremity muscle strength and asymmetry.Purpose:To investigate lower-extremity strength profiles in rugby union athletes and compare isokinetic knee- and hip-strength variables between legs and positions.Methods:Thirty male academy rugby union athletes, separated into forwards (n = 15) and backs (n = 15), participated in this cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque, angle of peak torque, and strength ratios of the preferred and nonpreferred legs during seated knee extension/flexion and supine hip extension/flexion at 60°/s.Results:Backs were older (ES = 1.6) but smaller in stature (ES = –0.47) and body mass (ES = –1.3) than the forwards. The nonpreferred leg was weaker than the preferred leg for forwards during extension (ES = –0.37) and flexion (ES = –0.21) actions and for backs during extension (ES = –0.28) actions. Backs were weaker at the knee than forwards in the preferred leg during extension (ES = –0.50) and flexion (ES = –0.66) actions. No differences were observed in strength ratios between legs or positions. Backs produced peak torque at longer muscle lengths in both legs at the knee (ES = –0.93 to –0.94) and hip (ES = –0.84 to –1.17) than the forwards.Conclusions:In this sample of male academy rugby union athletes, the preferred leg and forwards displayed superior strength compared with the nonpreferred leg and backs. These findings highlight the importance of individualized athletic assessments to detect crucial strength differences in male rugby union athletes.

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Role of Body and Joint Position on Isokinetic Exercise and Testing

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2.2.141 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donna D. Smith

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Joint Position ◽

Critical Component ◽

Isokinetic Exercise ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

The Subject

This paper reviews the role of body and joint position during isokinetic exercise and testing. Due to the frequent implementation of isokinetic devices, it is important to examine the methodology of their use. Positioning of the subject and the target joint is a critical component of the methodology. The literature reveals significant relationships between the position of the subject and outcome measures such as torque, agonist-antagonist ratios, peak torque to body weight ratios, and reliability. These relationships are evidenced at the larger joints of the lower extremity, such as the hip, knee, and ankle, in addition to the shoulder joint of the upper extremity. Therefore, it behooves clinicians to review research regarding the effect of varied body and joint positions on outcome measures and regarding the relevance of specific positions to the predetermined goals.

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The Relationship between Isokinetic Open and Closed Chain Lower Extremity Strength and Functional Performance

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.9.1.46 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 46-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rodney Negrete ◽

Jay Brophy

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Isokinetic Testing ◽

Leg Press ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

Closed Chain ◽

Single Leg Squat

Objectives:To determine (1) correlations between isokinetic lower extremity strength and functional performance and (2) correlations among different modes of isokinetic testing.Design and Setting:A correlational design with 6 measures. A series of strength, power, and agility tests was performed at a hospital-based outpatient physical therapy clinic.Participants:A volunteer sample of 29 male and 31 female, college-age subjects participated.Measurements:All subjects were tested in the following isokinetic tests: reciprocal leg press, single-leg squat, and knee extension. Performance tests included single-leg hop and vertical jump and a speed/agility test.Results:Analysis showed isokinetic knee extension, leg press, and single-leg squat strength significantly correlated to all functional tests. There were significant correlations among the 3 different isokinetic strength measures, as well.Conclusions:These results suggest a significant relationship between lower extremity open and closed chain isokinetic strength and functional performance testing.

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The relationship between corticospinal tract integrity and lower-extremity strength is attenuated when controlling for age and sex in multiple sclerosis

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1701 ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica F. Baird ◽

Elizabeth A. Hubbard ◽

Bradley P. Sutton ◽

Robert W. Motl

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Corticospinal Tract ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

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Unilateral Multiaxial Coordination Training and Ankle Kinesthesia, Muscle Strength, and Postural Control

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.12.1.13 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 13-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bryan L. Riemann ◽

Nancy Caggiano Tray ◽

Scott M. Lephart

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Study Design ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Group ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Coordination Training

Objectives:To determine the physiological adaptations that might occur with a 4-week unilateral multiaxial training program in lower leg kinesthesia, peak torque, and postural control.Study Design:True experimental pretest-posttest control-group design.Setting:Research laboratory.Subjects:26 healthy, active subjects (14 men, 12 women).Interventions:Subjects were assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed multiaxial coordination training 3 days/wk for 4 weeks.Main Outcome Measures:Both groups were tested 3 times, pretest and 2 and 4 weeks after training was initiated. Outcome measures included conscious appreciation of ankle kinesthesia, eversion and dorsiflexion isokinetic peak torque, and static and functional postural control.Results:Results revealed a significant Group × Test interaction only for inversion kinesthesia.Conclusions:Four weeks of multiaxial coordination training did not significantly improve any of the dependent variables in healthy individuals. Further research should consider the effects of such a program on injured subjects.

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Lower-Extremity Isokinetic Strength Profiling in Professional Rugby League and Rugby Union

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2013-0129 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 358-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Scott R. Brown ◽

Matt Brughelli ◽

Peter C. Griffiths ◽

John B. Cronin

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Rugby League ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Joint Torque ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hip Strength ◽

Hip Extension

Purpose:While several studies have documented isokinetic knee strength in junior and senior rugby league players, investigations of isokinetic knee and hip strength in professional rugby union players are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide lower-extremity strength profiles and compare isokinetic knee and hip strength of professional rugby league and rugby union players.Participants:32 professional rugby league and 25 professional rugby union players.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque and strength ratios of the dominant and nondominant legs during seated knee-extension/flexion and supine hip-extension/flexion actions at 60°/s.Results:Forwards from both codes were taller and heavier and had a higher body-mass index than the backs of each code. Rugby union forwards produced significantly (P < .05) greater peak torque during knee flexion in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.81 and 2.02) compared with rugby league forwards. Rugby league backs produced significantly greater hip-extension peak torque in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 0.83 and 0.77) compared with rugby union backs. There were no significant differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios between code, position, or leg. Rugby union forwards and backs produced significantly greater knee-flexion-to-hip-extension ratios in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.49–2.26) than rugby union players.Conclusions:It seems that the joint torque profiles of players from rugby league and union codes differ, which may be attributed to the different demands of each code.

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The Relationship between Isokinetic Trunk, Leg Strength and Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Test, Counter Movement Jump in National Rowing Athletes

The Asian Journal of Kinesiology ◽

10.15758/ajk.2020.22.3.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Jong Baek Lee ◽

Young Kyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Maximum Height ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Trunk Flexion ◽

Pull Test ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Counter Movement Jump ◽

Strengthening Exercise ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between isokinetic leg strength and maximum Isometric Med-Thigh Pull Test(IMTP) and maximum height of Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) in Korean national rowers.METHODS Each eight male and female athletes were participated in the study. Isometric IMTP, CMJ, and isokinetic trunk, hip, and knee strength were measured to analyze the relationship between the IMTP, CMJ and isokinetic strength. The correlation between variables was analyzed by the step-wise method of multiple regression analysis after analyzing the correlation between dependent and independent variables.RESULTS Knee, Hip and trunk isokinetic flexion and extension strength showed high correlation with maximum IMTP with the all participants. Knee extension and trunk flexion isokinetic strength showed higher correlation with IMTP. Knee extension isokinetic strength showed high correlation with CMJ.CONCLUSIONS For strengthening exercise of National rowers, ipsilateral strength balance and agonistantagonist strength balance of leg and trunk should be considered to improve performance efficiently.

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