Effects of Hydraulic Resistance Strength Training on Isokinetic Measures of Leg Strength in Men with Mental Retardation

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Suomi ◽  
Paul R. Surburg ◽  
Peter Lecius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Hip Abduction

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hydraulic resistance (HR) training on total work and peak torque measures of isokinetic strength for tests of knee extension and hip abduction on men with mental retardation (MR). The subjects, 22 men with mild to moderate MR, were randomly assigned to two groups; 11 subjects trained three times a week for 12 weeks using HR exercise machines, while the other 11 served as controls. Prior to and after the 12 weeks of training, all subjects were assessed on isokinetic tests of knee extension at 60 deg/s and hip abduction at 30 deg/s. The strength trained subjects exhibited significant increases in total work scores on knee extension and hip abduction tests for both legs ranging from 25.0 to 177.1%. Significant increases ranging from 50.1 to 82.7% were also noted on two of the four peak torque measures. The control subjects did not exhibit significant changes in total work or peak torque scores on either muscle test between test sessions.

The Relationship between Lower Extremity Isokinetic Work and Single-Leg Functional Hop-Work Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert English ◽  
Mary Brannock ◽  
Wan Ting Chik ◽  
Laura S. Eastwood ◽  
Tim Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Lower extremity functional testing assesses strength, power, and neuro-muscular control. There are only moderate correlations between distance hopped and isokinetic strength measures.Objective:Determine if incorporating body weight in the single-leg hop for distance increases the correlation to isokinetic measures.Study Design:Correlational study.Setting:Musculoskeletal laboratory.Participants:30 healthy college students; 15 men and 15 women; ages 18 to 30 years.Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic average peak torque and total work of quadriceps and hamstrings and single-leg hop work and distance.Results:Significant correlations include hop work to total-work knee extension (r= .89), average peak-torque knee extension (r= .88), distance hopped to total-work knee extension (r= .56) and average peak-torque knee extension (r= .63). Correlations involving hop work were greater than distance hopped (P< .05).Conclusions:Use of body weight in the assessment of distance hopped provides better information about the patient’s lower extremity strength and ability than the distance hopped alone.

scholarly journals Reliability of a New Portable Dynamometer for Assessing Hip and Lower Limb Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Jan Marušič ◽  
Goran Marković ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Maximal Peak

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-session reliability of the new, portable, and externally fixated dynamometer called MuscleBoard® for assessing the strength of hip and lower limb muscles. Hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion, and Nordic hamstring exercise strength were measured in three sessions (three sets of three repetitions for each test) on 24 healthy and recreationally active participants. Average and maximal value of normalized peak torque (Nm/kg) from three repetitions in each set and agonist:antagonist ratios (%) were statistically analyzed; the coefficient of variation and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,k) were calculated to assess absolute and relative reliability, respectively. Overall, the results display high to excellent intra- and inter-session reliability with low to acceptable within-individual variation for average and maximal peak torques in all bilateral strength tests, while the reliability of unilateral strength tests was moderate to good. Our findings indicate that using the MuscleBoard® dynamometer can be a reliable device for assessing and monitoring bilateral and certain unilateral hip and lower limb muscle strength, while some unilateral strength tests require some refinement and more extensive familiarization.

Isokinetic Strength Profiles of Thigh Muscles of Modern Dancers in Relation to Their Experience Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Ani Agopyan ◽  
Demet Tekin ◽  
Mehmet Unal ◽  
Hizir Kurtel ◽  
Gullu Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Modern Dancers

The aim of this study was to determine maximal voluntary peak torque (PT), PT% body weight (PT%BW), total work (TW), and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (HQR) for bilateral and unilateral thigh muscle strength during isokinetic muscle contractions in modern dancers in relation to their experience level. METHODS: Twenty-two female dancers were divided into two groups: intermediate dancers (ID, n=11) and advanced dancers (AD, n=11). Strength tests were performed using the Biodex System-III Pro Multijoint System isokinetic dynamometer to determine three joint angular velocities (60, 180, 300°/s). RESULTS: During extension, ADs exhibited higher ratios in the HQR (p=0.016) on right leg at 300°/s, IDs generated greater TW (p=0.042), and within groups, there was a significant left-to-right difference in the HQR at 300°/s for ADs (p=0.042). During flexion, within groups, the ADs exhibited significant differences between legs for both PT (p=0.026) and PT%BW (p=0.022) at 300°/s. CONCLUSION: For both groups, the average HQR in all angular velocities was not within the recommended range, which is required to prevent injuries; at the same time, unilateral muscular imbalances existed. Lower extremities of ADs exhibited asymmetric strength patterns at a certain level. Further research should be done to confirm the findings of this pilot study.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Isokinetic Trunk, Leg Strength and Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Test, Counter Movement Jump in National Rowing Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Jong Baek Lee ◽  
Young Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Pull Test ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between isokinetic leg strength and maximum Isometric Med-Thigh Pull Test(IMTP) and maximum height of Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) in Korean national rowers.METHODS Each eight male and female athletes were participated in the study. Isometric IMTP, CMJ, and isokinetic trunk, hip, and knee strength were measured to analyze the relationship between the IMTP, CMJ and isokinetic strength. The correlation between variables was analyzed by the step-wise method of multiple regression analysis after analyzing the correlation between dependent and independent variables.RESULTS Knee, Hip and trunk isokinetic flexion and extension strength showed high correlation with maximum IMTP with the all participants. Knee extension and trunk flexion isokinetic strength showed higher correlation with IMTP. Knee extension isokinetic strength showed high correlation with CMJ.CONCLUSIONS For strengthening exercise of National rowers, ipsilateral strength balance and agonistantagonist strength balance of leg and trunk should be considered to improve performance efficiently.

scholarly journals Isokinetic evaluation of knee muscles in soccer players: discriminant analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fles Mazuquin ◽  
Ligia Maxwell Pereira ◽  
Josilainne Marcelino Dias ◽  
João Pedro Batista Junior ◽  
Mônica Angélica Cardoso Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flexion And Extension

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle activity in soccer players can be measured by isokinetic dynamometer, which is a reliable tool for assessing human performance. Objectives: To perform isokinetic analyses and to determine which variables differentiate the under-17 (U17) soccer category from the professional (PRO). Methods: Thirty four players were assessed (n=17 for each category). The isokinetic variables used for the knee extension-flexion analysis were: peak torque (Nm), total work (J), average power (W), angle of peak torque (deg.), agonist/ antagonist ratio (%), measured for three velocities (60°/s, 120°/s and 300°/s), with each series containing five repetitions. Three Wilks' Lambda discriminant analyses were performed, to identify which variables were more significant for the definition of each of the categories. Results: The discriminative variables at 60°/s in the PRO category were: extension peak torque, flexion total work, extension average power and agonist/antagonist ratio; and for the U17s were: extension total work, flexion peak torque and flexion average power. At 120°/s for the PRO category the discriminant variables were: flexion peak torque and extension average power; for the U17s they were: extension total work and flexion average power. Finally at 300°/s, the variables found in the PRO and U17 categories respectively were: extension average power and extension total work. Conclusion: Isokinetic variables for flexion and extension knee muscles were able to significantly discriminate between PRO and U17 soccer players.

Relationship between Hip and Knee Strength and Knee Valgus during a Single Leg Squat

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Claiborne ◽  
Charles W. Armstrong ◽  
Varsha Gandhi ◽  
Danny M. Pincivero
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Single Leg Squat

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hip and knee strength, and valgus knee motion during a single leg squat. Thirty healthy adults (15 men, 15 women) stood on their preferred foot, squatted to approximately 60 deg of knee flexion, and returned to the standing position. Frontal plane knee motion was evaluated using 3-D motion analysis. During Session 2, isokinetic (60 deg/sec) concentric and eccentric hip (abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation) and knee (flexion/extension) strength was evaluated. The results demonstrated that hip abduction (r2= 0.13), knee flexion (r2= 0.18), and knee extension (r2= 0.14) peak torque were significant predictors of frontal plane knee motion. Significant negative correlations showed that individuals with greater hip abduction (r= –0.37), knee flexion (r= –0.43), and knee extension (r= –0.37) peak torque exhibited less motion toward the valgus direction. Men exhibited significantly greater absolute peak torque for all motions, excluding eccentric internal rotation. When normalized to body mass, men demonstrated significantly greater strength than women for concentric hip adduction and flexion, knee flexion and extension, and eccentric hip extension. The major findings demonstrate a significant role of hip muscle strength in the control of frontal plane knee motion.

Age- and sex-associated differences in isokinetic knee muscle endurance between young children and adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B.A. De Ste Croix ◽  
Martine A. Deighan ◽  
Sebastien Ratel ◽  
Neil Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Age And Sex

The purpose of this study was to examine the age- and sex-associated differences of repeated isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Fifty one participants, 30 young children (16 boys and 14 girls; aged 11 and 12 years) and 21 adults (9 males and 12 females; aged 18–35 years), agreed to participate in the study. Isokinetic concentric peak knee extension (PET) and flexion (PFT) torque were measured using a calibrated Biodex System 3. Participants performed 4 concentric extension–flexion cycles with maximum effort; after a 2 min rest, 50 continuous concentric cycles were performed at 1.56 rad·s–1. Total work of the extensors (WKEX) and flexors (WKFL) for the complete 50 repetitions was recorded. Average peak torque and average work for the first and last 3 repetitions were calculated to represent the percentage decline in torque and work. There were no significant differences between groups in the peak torque generated during the pretrial and endurance task, suggesting that participants gave a maximal effort at the start of the endurance task. There was a significant interaction effect in the total work done for both extensors and flexors, with adult males producing the greatest amount of work (6622 and 3444 J, respectively). When total work was divided by body mass, there were no significant sex effects, only main effects for group. The percentage decline for PET (40% vs. 60%), PFT (50% vs. 65%), WKET (43% vs. 61%), and WKFL (60% vs. 69%) demonstrated significant main effects for group, with greater fatigue in adults. We found no significant sex effect for fatigue. This study concludes that females do not resist fatigue from repeated isokinetic muscle actions to a greater extent than males, and that the greater fatigue in adults than in children is probably a product of greater initial torque production and work performed.

scholarly journals Are isokinetic leg torques and kick velocity reliable predictors of competitive level in taekwondo athletes?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0235582
Author(s):  
Pedro Vieira Sarmet Moreira ◽  
Coral Falco ◽  
Luciano Luporini Menegaldo ◽  
Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽  
Leandro Vinhas de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

The aim of this study is to analyze how isokinetic knee and hip peak torques and roundhouse kick velocities are related to expertise level (elite vs. sub-elite) in taekwondo athletes. Seven elite and seven sub-elite athletes were tested for kick-specific variables (KSV, composed of kinematic variables and power of impact) and for concentric isokinetic peak torque (PT) at 60°/s and 240°/s. First, KSVs and PTs were compared between groups, then PTs were correlated with KSVs. Parametric variables with larger effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were entered in a stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA), generating an equation to estimate competitive level. Between-group differences were found in hip flexors (p = 0.04, d = 0.92) and extensors (p = 0.04, d = 0.96) with PT at 240°/s. Hip flexion PT at 60°/s and 240°/s correlated negatively with kick time (R = –0.46, p = 0.0499 and R = –0.62, p = 0.01 respectively). Hip flexion torque at 60°/s correlated positively (R = 0.52, p = 0.03) with peak linear velocity of the foot (LVF) and power of impact (R = 0.51, p = 0.03). Peak torque of hip extension at 60°/s and hip abduction at 240°/s also correlated with LVF (R = 0.56, p = 0.02 and R = 0.46, p = 0.0499). Hip extension at 60°/s correlated positively with peak linear velocity of the knee (R = 0.48, p = 0.04). The LDA showed an accuracy of 85.7% (p = 0.003) in predicting expertise level based on hip flexion and extension torques at 240°/s and on knee extension velocity during the kick. The study demonstrates that hip muscle strength is probably the dominant muscular factor for determining kick performance. Knee angular velocity combined with hip torques is the best discriminator for competitive level in taekwondo athletes.

scholarly journals Pre- and Postoperative Isokinetic Strength Test in Rotator Cuff Tear

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Suk Kee Tae ◽  
Do Hyun Yeo ◽  
Ho Min Lee ◽  
Jong Soo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Cuff Tear ◽  
Isokinetic Muscle Strength ◽  
Tear Size

PURPOSE: This study investigated whether (i) isokinetic muscle strength correlated with (ii) anatomical assessment of rotator cuff tear size, fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle or postoperative cuff integrity.MATERIALS & METHODS: Among patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 32 patients in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and isokinetic muscle strength tests were performed preoperatively and, at an average of 10 months after repair, took part in this study. We measured the isokinetic strength (peak torque and total work) deficit in external rotation and internal rotation at a 60degrees/sec load.RESULTS: Preoperative isokinetic strength deficits correlated with tear size (p<0.001) but correlated weakly with fatty degeneration of supraspinatus muscle (p<0.001). In patients with healed rotator cuffs, preoperative peak torque and total work deficits were 39% and 62% for external rotation. At final follow up, they were decreased to 17% and 32%, respectively. In the re-tear group, preoperative peak torque and total work deficit were 44% and 61% in external rotation. At final follow up, they were decreased to 23% and 35%, respectively. But there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Preoperative isokinetic strength correlates with tear size but not fatty degeneration of the supraspintus muscle or postoperative cuff integrity. Postoperative cuff integrity did not have an effect on postoperative isokinetic strength.

Relationships among Muscle Endurance, Explosiveness, and Strength in Circum-Pubertal Boys

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensaku Suei ◽  
Leslie McGillis ◽  
Randy Calvert ◽  
Oded Bar-Or
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Pubertal Boys

We assess relationships among muscle endurance, strength, and explosiveness in forty-eight 9.6- to 17.0-year-old males divided into 3 maturational groups (Tanner Stages I, II-IV, and V). Peak torque during isometric knee extension and flexion was averaged to reflect strength. Mechanical power in the Sargent vertical jump was taken as explosiveness, and total work in the Wingate test reflected muscle endurance. Correlations (3 groups combined) among the variables, expressed in absolute terms, were r = .82 to .92, but only -.11 to .70 when expressed per body mass or lean thigh size. These correlations were distinctly lower in the Tanner V boys than in the 2 less-mature groups, which may suggest that specialization into discrete muscle performance characteristics does not occur before late puberty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document