Accuracy of Functional Movement Screen Deep Squat Scoring and the Influence of Optimized Scoring Criteria: A 3-Dimensional Kinematic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Eric P. Scibek ◽  
Matthew F. Moran ◽  
Susan L. Edmond
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Science Professional

Context: The deep squat (DS) test is a component of the functional movement screen, which is used to assess the quality of fundamental movement patterns; however, the accuracy of the DS has not been studied. The DS is a complex, total body movement pattern with evaluation required at several points along the kinematic chain. Objective: To assess the accuracy of DS scoring by an athletic trainer, physical therapist, and exercise science professional via a comparative analysis with kinematic data (KD) and to identify scoring criteria that would improve agreement between raters and KD scores. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Motion analysis laboratory. Participants: A rater from each of 3 movement science disciplines rated the DS of 23 male college athletes (20.3 [1.2] y; 70.5 [3.5] kg). Interventions: Subjects were outfitted with reflective markers and asked to perform the DS. The DS performance was scored by 3 raters and kinematic analysis. Subsequently, the optimal set of criteria that minimized the difference between mode rater score and KD was determined via a Nelder–Mead simplex optimization routine. Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using SPSS (version 23; IBM, Armonk, NY) to determine tester agreement with the KD score and between the mode score and KD score. Results: Agreement was poor for the athletic trainer (ICC = .387), physical therapist (ICC = .298), exercise science professional (ICC = .378), and raters’ DS scores when compared with the KD. Agreement was poor for the mode score when compared with KD prior to optimization and good following optimization (ICC = .830), thereby allowing identification of specific scoring errors. Conclusions: Agreement for DS scores is poor when compared with KD; however, it may be improved with optimization of DS scoring criteria.

scholarly journals Calidad de movimiento en adolescentes practicantes y no practicantes de Gimnasia Acrobática mediante la batería Funtional Movement Screen (Quality of movement in Acrobatic Gymnastics teenagers and non-practitioners using the Funtional Movement Screen bat

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 879-886
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vernetta Santana ◽  
Alicia Salas Morillas ◽  
Eva Mª Peláez-Barrios ◽  
Jesús López-Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Trunk Stability ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Stability Results

  Objetivo: Valorar la calidad de movimiento aplicando el Functional Movement Screen (FMS) en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años practicantes o no de Gimnasia Acrobática (GA). Método: Estudio descriptivo, comparativo y transversal donde participaron 41 adolescentes (20 practicantes de GA y 21 no practicantes). Se usó la batería FMS, compuesta por siete pruebas: sentadilla profunda, paso de valla, estocada en línea, movilidad de hombro, elevación activa de la pierna recta, estabilidad del tronco en flexiones, estabilidad rotatoria del tronco. Resultados: se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa de signo positivo a través del estadístico R de Spearman, entre la puntuación global del FMS y la práctica de GA (p= .023). Las gimnastas presentan mejor calidad de movimiento que las no practicantes, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, puntuando mejor en prácticamente todas las pruebas. Conclusión: se corrobora una relación entre la práctica de GA y una mayor puntuación del FMS.  Abstract. Objective: To assess the quality of movement by applying the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) to teenagers aged 12 to 17, whether or not they practice Acrobatic Gymnastics (AG). Methods: Descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study in which 41 teenagers (20 AG practitioners and 21 non-practitioners) participated. The FMS battery was used, consisting of seven tests: deep squat, fence step, line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg lift, trunk stability in bending, trunk rotation stability. Results: a statistically significant positive relationship was observed through Spearman's R statistic, between the overall FMS score and the AG practice (p= .023). Gymnasts presented better quality of movement than non-gymnastics practitioners, with statistically significant differences, scoring better in practically all tests. Conclusion: a relationship between AG practice and a higher FMS score is corroborated.

scholarly journals Functional Movement Screen® evaluation: comparison between elite and non-elite young swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Dineia Lucas ◽  
Henrique Neiva ◽  
Daniel Marinho ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Ivan Rolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Trunk Stability ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Push Up

Functional Movement Screen® (FMS®) permite evaluar la funcionalidad del movimiento del atleta. La funcionalidad del movimiento en nadadores jóvenes de élite y no élite puede predecir el rendimiento futuro. El propósito de este estudio es comparar las puntuaciones de FMS® entre nadadores jóvenes de élite y no élite, y verificar su relación con el rendimiento de estilo libre de 100 m. Treinta y dos nadadores de élite (edad: 14,99 ± 0,13 años; altura: 1,71 ± 0,02 m; masa corporal: 61,28 ± 1,27 kg; Puntos de la Federación Internacional de Natación [FINA]: 651,59 ± 6,44) y 17 nadadores no élite (edad : 14,65 ± 0,19 años; altura: 165,12 ± 2,03 cm; masa corporal: 57,22 ± 2,43 kg; puntos FINA: 405,71 ± 21,41) se ofrecieron como voluntarios para participar en este estudio transversal. Se consideraron para el análisis los puntajes FMS® de prueba individual, el puntaje compuesto FMS® y los puntos FINA. Los nadadores de élite lograron valores mas elevados en Deep Squat (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Right Hurdle Step (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Left Hurdle Step (p = 0.002; ES = 1.08), Trunk Stability Push Up (p <0.001 ; ES = 1.44) y puntajes compuestos de FMS® (p <0.001; ES = 1.35) en comparación con nadadores que no son de élite. Las puntuaciones compuestas de FMS® se relacionaron positivamente con el rendimiento de estilo libre de 100 m (r = 0.596, r2 = 40.9%, p <0.001). Los nadadores jóvenes que no son de élite revelan déficits funcionales en tareas que involucran movilidad de caderas, rodillas y tobillos, y estabilización del núcleo y la columna vertebral. Mayor funcionalidad de movimiento está positivamente relacionada con el rendimiento de estilo libre de 100 m. Los entrenadores de natación deben considerar estos déficits y su relación con el rendimiento para diferenciar la prescripción de ejercicio entre estas poblaciones. Functional Movement Screen® (FMS®) allows to assess athlete’s movement functionality. Movement funcionality in young elite and non-elite swimmers may predict future performance. The purpose of this study is to compare FMS® scores between young elite and non-elite swimmers, and to verify their relationship with 100m freestyle performance. Thirty-two elite swimmers (age: 14.99 ± 0.13 years old; height: 1.71 ± 0.02 m; body mass: 61.28 ± 1.27 kg; Fédération Internationale de Natation [FINA] points: 651.59 ± 6.44) and 17 non-elite swimmers (age: 14.65 ± 0.19 years old; height: 165.12 ± 2.03 cm; body mass: 57.22 ± 2.43 kg; FINA points: 405.71 ± 21.41) volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Individual-test FMS® scores, FMS® composite score and FINA points were considered for analysis. Elite swimmers achieved higher Deep Squat (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Right Hurdle Step (p = 0.005; ES = 0.99), Left Hurdle Step (p = 0.002; ES = 1.08), Trunk Stability Push Up (p < 0.001; ES = 1.44) and FMS® composite (p < 0.001; ES = 1.35) scores compared to non-elite swimmers. FMS® composite scores were positively related with 100m freestyle performance (r = 0.596, r2 = 40.9%, p < 0.001). Young non-elite swimmers reveal functional deficits in tasks involving mobility of the hips, knees and ankles, and stabilization of the core and spine. Higher movement functionality is positively related with 100m freestyle performance. Swimming coaches should consider this deficits and their relationship with performance to differentiate exercise prescription between this populations. O Functional Movement Screen® (FMS®) permite avaliar a funcionalidade do movimento em atletas. A funcionalidade do movimento em jovens nadadores de elite e não-elite pode prever o desempenho futuro. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os scores do FMS® entre jovens nadadores de elite e não-elite e verificar sua relação com o desempenho de 100m no estilo livre. Trinta e dois nadadores de elite (idade: 14,99 ± 0,13 anos; altura: 1,71 ± 0,02 m; massa corporal: 61,28 ± 1,27 kg; Fédération Internationale de Natation [FINA] pontos: 651,59 ± 6,44) e 17 nadadores não-elite (idade: 14,65 ± 0,19 anos; altura: 165,12 ± 2,03 cm; massa corporal: 57,22 ± 2,43 kg; pontos FINA: 405,71 ± 21,41) que se voluntariaram para participar neste estudo transversal. Scores FMS® de teste individual, scores composto FMS® e pontos FINA foram considerados para análise. Nadadores de elite alcançaram valores mais elevados no Deep Squat (p = 0,005; ES = 0,99), Right Hurdle Step (p = 0,005; ES = 0,99), Left Hurdle Step (p = 0,002; ES = 1,08), Trunk Stability Push Up (p < 0,001) ; ES = 1,44) e FMS® compostos (p < 0,001; ES = 1,35) em comparação com nadadores não elite. Os scores compostos do FMS® foram positivamente relacionados com o desempenho de 100m no estilo livre (r = 0,596, r2 = 40,9%, p < 0,001). Jovens nadadores do grupo não-elite revelam défices funcionais em tarefas que envolvem mobilidade das ancas, joelhos e tornozelos e estabilização do núcleo e da coluna. A maior funcionalidade de movimento está positivamente relacionada ao desempenho de 100m estilo livre. Os treinadores de natação devem considerar esses défices e sua relação com o desempenho para diferenciar a prescrição de exercícios entre essas populações.

scholarly journals The Level of the Functional Movement Screen Among Traditional Dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Segar A/L A. Maniveloo ◽  
Borhannudin Abdullah ◽  
Shamsulariffin Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Squat

Movement assessments are commonly used to assess athlete&rsquo;s risk of injury as well as basic and specific skill movement patterns; however, dance is identified to be differing from sports because the average dancer&rsquo;s training load is higher than the athletes. This study aims to identify the difference in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) level among traditional dancers in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted, which involved 66 dancers (M = 33; F = 33). The study comprised traditional dancers from three ethnic backgrounds, namely, Malay, Chinese and Indian. The descriptive analysis described the level of the dancers&rsquo; FMS, as follows: Malay (M = 16.18, SD = 2.062), Chinese (M = 18.50, SD = 1.102), Indian (M = 18.23, SD = 1.445). The ANOVA analysis found a significant difference in the FMS scores among all three groups of dancers, F (2,63) = 14.026, p &gt;.000. The deep squat, hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise and trunk stability tests for push-up indicated a significant difference, whereas the inline lunges test and rotational stability tests showed no significance difference. However, the Post Hoc analysis showed no significant difference between the Chinese and Indian dancers. It can be concluded that there is a difference in FMS scores between Malay, Chinese and Indian dancers. FMS may be a useful tool to help identify dancers about the risk of injury and improve their movement quality.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN (FMS) SEBAGAI TES MOBILITAS, KESEIMBANGAN, DAN STABILITAS ATLET PASCA CEDERA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hendra Rustiawan ◽  
Ruli Sugiawardana ◽  
Muhammad Nurzaman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Trunk Stability ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Push Up

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang  instrument test yang berfungsi untuk mengukur komponen kondisi fisik mobilitas, keseimbangan, dan stabilitas atlet yang mengalami atau yang sudah pernah terkena cedera otot dan tulang sendi. Komponen tes FMS terdiri dari in-line lunge, hurdle step, deep squat, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, rotary stability Berbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) adanya hubungan antara atlet yang mengalami cedera otot dengan tes FMS, (2) tidak adanya hubungan, dan (3) adanya hubungan yang signifikan pada atlet yang mengalami cedera terhadap mobilitas, keseimbangan, dan stabilitas yang diukur dengan FMS, dan  (4) adanya pengaruh tes tersebut akan tetapi dengan sampel tertentu (usia). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa perlunya  dilakukan penelitian ulang dengan memperhatikan berbagai aspek (usia, jenis kelamin, dan profesi). Hal tersebut diharapkan FMS dapat digunakan pada penelitian kondisi fisik (strength and conditioning)

Functional Movement Scores and Longitudinal Performance Outcomes in Elite Track and Field Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Chapman ◽  
Abigail S. Laymon ◽  
Todd Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Deep Squat

Subjects with scores on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) assessment of ≤14 or with at least 1 bilateral asymmetry have been shown to have greater future injury incidence than subjects with FMS scores >14 or no movement asymmetries.Purpose:To determine if FMS injury risk factors extend to longitudinal competitive performance outcomes in elite track and field athletes.Methods:Elite track and field athletes were examined (N = 121), each completing an FMS before the 2011 competitive season. Best competition marks for the year were obtained from athletes’ actual performances for 2010 and 2011. Performance change between 2010 and 2011 was examined in cohorts of FMS scores ≤14 (LoFMS) vs >14 (HiFMS), athletes with bilateral asymmetry in at least 1 of the 5 FMS movements vs athletes with no asymmetry, and athletes who scored 1 on the deep-squat movement vs athletes who scored 2 or 3.Results:HiFMS had a significantly different change in performance from 2010 to 2011 (0.41% ± 2.50%, n = 80) compared with LoFMS (−0.51% ± 2.30%, P = .03, n = 41). Athletes with no asymmetries had a longitudinal improvement in performance (+0.60% ± 2.86%, n = 50) compared with athletes with at least 1 asymmetry (−0.26% ± 2.10%, P = .03, n = 71). Athletes who scored 1 on the deep-squat movement had a significantly different change in performance (−1.07 ± 2.08%, n = 22) vs athletes who scored 2 (0.13% ± 2.28%, P = .03, n = 87) or 3 (1.98% ± 3.31%, P = .001, n = 12).Conclusion:Functional movement ability, known to be associated with the likelihood of future injury, is also related to the ability to improve longitudinal competitive performance outcomes.

scholarly journals Test-Retest and Interrater Reliability of the Functional Movement Screen

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Shultz ◽  
Scott C. Anderson ◽  
Gordon O. Matheson ◽  
Brandon Marcello ◽  
Thor Besier
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
First Session

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a popular test to evaluate the degree of painful, dysfunctional, and asymmetric movement patterns. Despite great interest in the FMS, test-retest reliability data have not been published. Objective: To assess the test-retest and interrater reliability of the FMS and to compare the scoring by 1 rater during a live session and the same session on video. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Human performance laboratory in the sports medicine center. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 21 female (age = 19.6 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.7 ± 0.1 m, mass = 64.4 ± 5.1 kg) and 18 male (age = 19.7 ± 1.0 years, height = 1.9 ± 0.1 m, mass = 80.1 ± 9.9 kg) National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA varsity athletes volunteered. Intervention(s): Each athlete was tested and retested 1 week later by the same rater who also scored the athlete's first session from a video recording. Five other raters scored the video from the first session. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Krippendorff α (K α) was used to assess the interrater reliability, whereas intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the test-retest reliability and reliability of live-versus-video scoring. Results: Good reliability was found for the test-retest (ICC = 0.6), and excellent reliability was found for the live-versus-video sessions (ICC = 0.92). Poor reliability was found for the interrater reliability (K α = .38). Conclusions: The good test-retest and high live-versus-video session reliability show that the FMS is a usable tool within 1 rater. However, the low interrater K α values suggest that the FMS within the limits of generalization should not be used indiscriminately to detect deficiencies that place the athlete at greater risk for injury. The FMS interrater reliability may be improved with better training for the rater.

scholarly journals Comparison of Lower Extremity Kinematics during the Overhead Deep Squat by Functional Movement Screen Score

2021 ◽  
pp. 759-765
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Heredia ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Scott K. Lynn ◽  
Derek N. Pamukoff
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Internal Rotation Angle ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Deep Squat

It is unclear if the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scoring criteria identify kinematics that have been associated with lower extremity injury risk. The purpose was to compare lower extremity kinematics of the overhead deep squat (OHDS) during the FMS between individuals who were grouped on FMS scoring. Forty-five adults who were free of injury and without knowledge of the FMS or its scoring criteria (males = 19, females = 26; height = 1.68 0.08 m; mass = 70.7 7 13.0 kg). Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics during an OHDS were measured using a motion capture system. One-way MANOVA was used to compare kinematic outcomes (peak hip flexion angle, hip adduction angle, knee flexion angle, knee abduction angle, knee internal rotation angle, and ankle dorsiflexion angle) between FMS groups. Those who scored a 3 had greater peak hip flexion angle (F2,42 = 8.75; p = 0.001), knee flexion angle (F2,42 = 13.53; p = 0.001), knee internal rotation angle (F2,42 = 12.91; p = 0.001), and dorsiflexion angle (F2,42 = 9.00; p = 0.001) compared to those who scored a 2 or a 1. However, no differences were found in any outcome between those who scored a 2 and those who scored a 1, or in frontal plane hip or knee kinematics. FMS scoring for the OHDS identified differences in squat depth, which was characterized by larger peak hip, knee, and dorsi- flexion angles in those who scored a 3 compared with those who scored 2 or 1. However, no differences were found between those who scored a 2 or 1, and caution is recommended when interpreting these scores. Despite a different FMS score, few differences were observed in frontal or transverse plane hip and knee kinematics, and other tasks may be needed to assess frontal plane kinematics.

Einfluss der Imitation von Bewegungen im Vergleich zur verbalen oder autodidaktischen Übungsanleitung

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aileen Keller
Keyword(s):  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Empirische Studie ◽  
Deep Squat

ZusammenfassungFür genaue Bewegungsausführungen und bessere Behandlungsergebnisse ist bei der Kommunikation mit Patienten eine präzise Übungsanleitung nötig. Bisher existieren die imitative, verbale und autodidaktische Übungsanleitung.Die vorliegende empirische Studie untersuchte diese drei Formen der Übungsanleitung am Beispiel des Deep Squat aus dem „Functional Movement Screen“, um die Anleitung mit dem höchsten Nutzen für Patienten herauszufinden und Empfehlungen für die physiotherapeutische Behandlung zu geben.Die in die Studie eingeschlossenen 51 gesunden Probanden wurden gleichermaßen auf eine Interventionsgruppe (imitative Übungsanleitung in Form eines Videos) und zwei Vergleichsgruppen (verbale bzw. autodidaktische Anleitung) aufgeteilt.Die Übungsanleitung via Imitation erzielte die höchste Präzision der Bewegungsausführung.

The Functional Movement Screen as an injury prediction tool for German physical education and exercise science students: a prospective cohort-study

physioscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Schweda ◽  
Daniel Leyhr ◽  
Inga Krauß
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Injury Prediction

Abstract Background Several studies have evaluated the applicability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as a screening tool for injury prediction. However, only few studies investigate gender differences for FMS as a screening tool for female and male college students. Objective To evaluate gender differences in FMS single items and the overall score. In addition, the applicability of FMS as a diagnostic tool for injury prevention of German exercise students will be investigated. Method N = 99 college students performed an FMS at the beginning of the semester. Injuries were recorded for the entire term. Gender differences of FMS single items were assessed using the Mann-Whitney-U-Test. Differences in injury prediction were calculated using logistic regression. If the model was statistically significant, diagnostic accuracy was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The Youden index was used to identify a cut-off score. 2 × 2 contingency tables, sensitivity and specifity, positive/negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were assessed. Results There were significant gender differences for Deep Squat, Shoulder Mobility, Trunk Stability Push Up, and Active Straight Leg Raise. The logistic regression showed that the composite score was statistically significant in clarifying the model for females (p = 0.005, RN 2 = 0.14), but not for males (p = 0.18, RN 2 = 0.04). The ROC curve indicated acceptable injury prediction in females (AUC: 0.66, p = 0.02) and poor injury prediction in males (AUC: 0.40, p = 0.19). The cut-off score of ≤ 16 for females resulted in a sensitivity of 63 % and specificity of 54 %. No cut-off score was calculated for males. Conclusion Females performed better on flexibility items, while males scored higher on strength exercises. Results of the study indicate low predictive accuracy. Therefore, no solid recommendation can be made for the use of the FMS as an injury screening tool for either female or male German exercise science students.

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