Reaction of University Students to Body Composition Assessment in Physical Education Activity Classes

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Steinhardt ◽  
Debra J. Macklem
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Technical Accuracy ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
Education Activity

The use of skinfold measurements is a popular method to determine percentage of body fat because of its relative simplicity. Although attention has been paid to its technical accuracy and validity, less consideration has been given to the psychological impact on participants. The purpose of this study was to determine students’ (N = 128) reactions to having skinfold measurements taken in university physical education classes. Skinfold measurements were taken, and a questionnaire administered during the 2nd and 13th weeks of the semester. The questionnaire was used to assess (a) if students were self-conscious or uncomfortable during the measurements, (b) if knowing percent body fat motivated students to exercise, and (c) if the procedure should remain a standard part of class. Descriptive results indicated most students agreed that percent fat measurement was a valuable part of the class. On the pretest, after controlling for sex, regression analysis revealed that percent fat significantly predicted feelings of self-consciousness (R2 =.08; β = .36) and motivation to exercise (R2 = .07; β.24). On the posttest, percent fat again predicted feelings of self-consciousness (R2 = .21; β = .58) but did not predict motivation to exercise. Also, students with greater percent fat felt the body composition assessment should be optional (R2 = .08; β = −.36). Although results of this study support body composition assessment in university health-related activity classes, the need for sensitivity to the emotional needs and privacy of individuals is recommended.

scholarly journals Nutrition and body composition of elite rhythmic gymnasts from Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Miteva ◽  
Iliya Yanev ◽  
Stefan Kolimechkov ◽  
Lubomir Petrov ◽  
Lubomir Mladenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
National Team ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which special consideration is given to diet and body appearance. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient intake and body composition of elite rhythmic gymnasts in comparison with guidelines for female gymnasts. Twenty-one elite rhythmic gymnasts from Bulgaria were divided into three groups: First National Team, mean age 24.2; Second National Team, mean age 17.8; and Junior National Team, mean age 12.6. Body fat and muscle mass were estimated by skinfold methods, and a food frequency questionnaire was applied to assess the nutrient intake. The gymnasts showed low per cent of body fat (13.9% for the First National Team, 17.0% for the Second National Team, and 15.6% for the Junior National Team) and high per cent muscle mass (44.0, 40.5, and 37.6%, respectively). They kept their weight close to the ideal one, as recommended by the coaches, and the following equation best corresponded to the recommended ideal weight: height (cm) − 118. The energy intake was lower than the calculated energy requirements, in addition to low intake of fat and carbohydrates. The relative protein intake was 1.7 g/kg for the First National Team, 1.7 g/kg for the Second National Team, and 1.9 g/kg for Junior National Team, and the energy contribution of proteins was higher than the recommended 15%. Rhythmic gymnasts should be encouraged to maintain their ideal weight without great variance from the health-related guidelines, and coaches should consider not only the body image, but also the norms relating to body composition in women when determining ideal weight.

scholarly journals Body composition and the level of fitness in 10 to 14-year-old girls in western Hungary: the impact of the new PE curriculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Zsolt Szakály ◽  
Ferenc Ihász ◽  
Csaba Konczos ◽  
Balázs Fügedi ◽  
József Bognár
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact

SummaryStudy aim: Over the last two decades, the body fat mass has been increasing and the level of physical fitness has been decreasing in school-aged children. Due to the health-related concerns that have arisen regarding school-aged children, the Hungarian government introduced everyday physical education in 2012. Since girls are more disposed to higher body fat and low fitness levels, the aim of our study was to characterise the physique, body composition and aerobic capacity of 10 to 14-year-old girls three years after the introduction of the new curriculum with daily PE lessons. Material and methods: All of the primary schools that were selected to participate in this study serve as partnership schools in the University of West Hungary’s teacher training programme (N = 8). The sample included only those upper primary school girls (10 to 14 years of age) who participated in the everyday physical education lesson (N = 543). Standard anthropometric techniques and a 20m shuttle run test were selected for the analysis. Results: An important result of this study was the finding that differences in the body composition features were consistently significant among the age groups. However, there were no differences among the age groups in the results of the 20 m multi-stage fitness test, nor in the girls’ relative aerobic capacity. Conclusions: It can be presumed that an unfavourable body composition and poor fitness occur primarily in the prepuberty years. Everyday physical education serves as a good opportunity for shaping the girls’ fitness level and body composition, and also for encouraging healthy active living.

scholarly journals Body composition assessment among adults in Thika, Kiambu county, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Mututho L. N. ◽  
Kiboi W. K. ◽  
Waihenya R. N.
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Research has shown that body composition is directly related to health. Altered body composition, can greatly increase the risks of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis fosters early detection of an improper balance in the body composition, which allows for earlier intervention and prevention.Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of body composition for adults who volunteered to be screened during a Nutrition week in Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 301 adults were included in the assessment. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body composition (body fat %, bone mass, muscle mass, visceral fat and water %) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: The age of the participants ranged from 18-99 years (mean 42.19±16.57 years). Most of the participants were males (53.5%). More than half (53.2%) of the participants had a poor BMI, 37.2% had high total body fat percentage, 12.6% had excess levels of visceral fat and 26.6% had poor water hydration status. Age (OR=0.095; p value <0.001; CI 0.033-0272) and visceral fat (r=0.74; p value <0.001) were significantly associated with the BMI. Females had a significantly higher BMI (P <0.001). Visceral fat was also positively correlated with age: r=0.74; P value <0.001.Conclusions: Sex, age and BMI were important determinants of body composition. Increased physical activity, appropriate dietary practices are crucial in maintaining a healthy BMI and body composition. For timely intervention regular nutrition screening should be promoted among different populations.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an equation to estimate body fat in elderly women

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Oliveira Damasceno ◽  
Tercio Araújo do Rego Barros ◽  
Willemax dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Jhonnatan Vasconcelos Pereira Santos ◽  
Daniela Karina da Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
New Equation

Abstract The purpose of this present study was to develop and validate a prediction equation for body composition assessment using anthropometric measures of elderly women. This is cross-sectional correlational study with 243 older women ± 64.5 years old and body mass index (BMI) ± 28.70 kg/m². For the development of the equation it was utilized the method of hold-out sample validation. The participants were randomly divided into equation development group (96 elderly women) and a group for validation (147 elderly women). Total body mass, height, waist and hip circumferences, ratio waist-hip ratio and BMI were measured. The whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed body composition (percentage of body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass). The equations were developed using multiple linear regression, with validation by the stepwise method; the comparison of the equations was analyzed by the paired Student's t test and the analysis of residual scores by the method of Blant and Altman. The New Equation presents a strong correlation (R = 0.83) and (R² = 0.69), and a standard error of estimation equals to 3.21% for percentage body fat prediction. The mean difference between the estimations of percentage body fat from DXA and the New Equation was 0.11% (t(0,180); P = 0.850). Therefore, the New Equation had an accuracy of 93.5% and a total error of 1.8%. The body fat estimation in older women using this New Equation based on BMI and age is valid and accurate.

scholarly journals Body Composition Assessment and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in U12 Spanish Male Professional Soccer Players: Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4045
Author(s):  
Guillermo Santos-Sánchez ◽  
Ivan Cruz-Chamorro ◽  
José Luis Perza-Castillo ◽  
Néstor Vicente-Salar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Soccer is the most practiced team sport in the world. Due to the importance of nutrition in soccer performance, controlling the body composition and dietary guidelines of players takes place starting from lower categories. The objective of this study was to evaluate body composition and adherence to the Mediterranean diet of U12 players from a professional soccer team and to identify their dietary weak points. Seventy-one U12 male soccer players participated in the study. Weight, height, percentiles, skinfolds, and body fat were measured by a certified anthropometrist following the procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The Mediterranean diet adherence test (KIDMED) was the questionnaire used to evaluate eating habits. In addition, a comparison was made among field positions. The results showed percentiles and body fat percentages appropriate for their age. Furthermore, the average score on the KIDMED test showed that the players generally adhered well to the Mediterranean diet, although they should improve their consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as avoid skipping breakfast. Moreover, goalkeepers and defenders had a higher percentile BMI and percentage of fat than midfielders and forwards. In addition, these players had lower KIDMED values than midfielders and forwards. Although U12 soccer players have an appropriate body composition and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, there are differences between the different field positions that should be assessed by coaches, doctors, and nutritionists/dietitians.

scholarly journals MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS AMONG POLISH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ewa Gajewska ◽  
Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska ◽  
Janusz Maciaszek ◽  
Paweł Krol ◽  
Magdalena Sobieska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Lower Reactivity ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Health Related

Background Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors for heart disease, cancer, diabetes, greater rates of mortality as young adults. Objectives Body composition affects physical fitness, but no relation to sex and the degree of obesity was investigated so far in Polish adolescents. Material and methods The studies involved 118 adolescents (12 to 18 years old) who were overweight or obese. The assessment of the body composition was performed by measuring the bioimpedance. The concentration of alpha1-acid glycoprotein and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was measured by immunoelectrophoresis. The glycosylation profiles of AGP and ACT were investigated by crossed-affinity immunoelectrophoresis with Concanavalin A. Physical fitness was measured using the Eurofit test. Results In the study group of girls the body fat content determined on the basis of bioimpedance is not significantly different for overweight and obesity, whereas in the group of boys it is significantly higher in obese individuals. Fitness tests showed a heterogeneous impact of obesity on fitness: some results of the tests were good (FLB, PLT, SAR, HGR) in other tests (SBJ, SUP, BAH, ESR, SHR) the results were considerably inferior. The study of acute phase proteins showed elevated levels of AGP, higher in boys, lower reactivity with ConA in overweight boys and girls, and higher reactivity with ConA in obese boys and girls. Conclusion As the BMI percentile, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio increase, the results of fitness tests, measured using the EUROFIT test, deteriorate. The consequences of excessive body fat are greater for boys, both in terms of abnormal laboratory markers and physical fitness.

scholarly journals Parent-of-origin effects on voluntary exercise levels and body composition in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kelly ◽  
Derrick L. Nehrenberg ◽  
Kunjie Hua ◽  
Ryan R. Gordon ◽  
Theodore Garland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Origin Effects

Despite the health-related benefits of exercise, many people do not engage in enough activity to realize the rewards, and little is known regarding the genetic or environmental components that account for this individual variation. We created and phenotyped a large G4 advanced intercross line originating from reciprocal crosses between mice with genetic propensity for increased voluntary exercise (HR line) and the inbred strain C57BL/6J. G4 females (compared to males) ran significantly more when provided access to a running wheel and were smaller with a greater percentage of body fat pre- and postwheel access. Change in body composition resulting from a 6-day exposure to wheels varied between the sexes with females generally regulating energy balance more precisely in the presence of exercise. We observed parent-of-origin effects on most voluntary wheel running and body composition traits, which accounted for 3–13% of the total phenotypic variance pooled across sexes. G4 individuals descended from progenitor (F0) crosses of HR♀ and C57BL/6J♂ ran greater distances, spent more time running, ran at higher maximum speeds/day, and had lower percent body fat and higher percent lean mass than mice descended from reciprocal progenitor crosses (C57BL/6J♀ × HR♂). For some traits, significant interactions between parent of origin and sex were observed. We discuss these results in the context of sex dependent activity and weight loss patterns, the contribution of parent-of-origin effects to predisposition for voluntary exercise, and the genetic (i.e., X-linked or mtDNA variations), epigenetic (i.e., genomic imprinting), and environmental (i.e., in utero environment or maternal care) phenomena potentially modulating these effects.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

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